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在2008—2017年间登陆广东沿海的台风多达25个, 但台风登陆区域周边出现的热辐射异常现象并未引起太多关注。本文利用中国静止气象卫星FY-2C/2E红外遥感亮温资料, 对台风登陆引起的热辐射异常进行分析, 并使用亮温相对功率谱对台风登陆前后热辐射时空分布进行量化。研究发现: 伴随台风的登陆, 大于5倍以上背景值的亮温相对功率谱经历了产生—增加—极大值—减弱—消亡的过程, 其持续时间长于台风过程; 亮温相对功率谱增强的区域与台风登陆路径有一定的相关性, 受限于陆地条件和海洋热量供给; 通过分析台风登陆路径和台风登陆过程中亮温相对功率谱变化趋势可知, 台风登陆前后热辐射持续10~20d, 期间的热异常都与台风过程相关。台风登陆导致热辐射的机制可能与海洋表面降温、水汽聚集等因素有关, 即台风吸收的海洋热量随环流上升过程被海—气相互作用所调制, 导致不同频段和区域出现热辐射差异。 相似文献
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分析了0515号台风"卡努"登陆后强度衰减的原因.通过物理量诊断分析后发现:(1)正涡度平流对台风强度的维持和发展起到重要作用,负涡度平流减弱了台风强度.(2)台风上空的温度平流上、下层之差(ΔTA<0)为正时,则增强台风强度,反之,减弱台风强度.台风有向其移向前方的正值中心区偏折的趋势.(3)台风登陆后,水汽输送明显减弱,且在登陆阶段减弱最厉害.台风上空水汽辐合层的高度降低、辐合强度的减小,预示着台风强度的减弱. 相似文献
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利用中国台风年鉴资料、地面及探空观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据以及NERA-GOOS海温数据,首先分析了1949—2019年在青岛登陆的四个热带气旋特征,然后对1909号台风“利奇马”对山东半岛造成的降水强度差异进行对比研究。分析表明:1)1949年以来有4个台风于8月以登陆北上和登陆转向路径在青岛登陆,其在中高纬均是纬向环流占优的大尺度环流形势,副热带高压主体维持在我国东部沿海上空,中心强度较常年偏强,西伸脊线在30°~36°N之间摆动,青岛沿海海域表现为27℃以上的暖洋面特征。2)来自中高纬的冷空气和热带系统在青岛相互作用的差异,副热带高压强度和中心位置的不同是影响登陆台风降水差异的主要原因。3)1909号台风“利奇马”对潍坊降水的影响主要发生在台风与西风槽相互作用过程中,对青岛则表现为台风低压环流前部东南气流的影响。4)台风过程中潍坊和青岛均具有较好的水汽条件和对流不稳定层结,但动力抬升条件差异明显:潍坊位于东北风和东南风辐合区以及水汽通量辐合大值区内,具有较强的水平风垂直切变和上升运动;青岛没有冷空气侵入,但低空和超低空强盛的东南风急流为青岛暴雨提供了充沛的水汽供应和大气层结不稳定条件。 相似文献
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利用自动站资料、卫星云图以及NCEP再分析资料等,分析了1822号台风"山竹"登陆广东期间浙江东北部出现大暴雨的成因。结果表明:强降水发生在台风"山竹"登陆广东后减弱过程期间,伴有中尺度对流系统的发展,是由副热带高压、台风倒槽以及弱冷空气先后影响共同造成的;当对流不稳定时,与暖湿气流相关的湿位涡水平分量发展可触发垂直涡度的增长,使暴雨过程加强;强降水常发生在能量锋区附近,能量场的位置和梯度大小对此次强降水预报有12 h左右的提前量;来自台风东侧低层强的水汽输入和水汽辐合提供了本次强降水的水汽条件,水汽通量分布和水汽通量散度的增减相比雨量的增减有6 h左右的提前。 相似文献
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0505号台风持续大暴雨成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年0505号(海棠)台风的外围螺旋云带长时间停留在浙江上空,造成我省连续五天的降水和东南沿海地区持续二天大暴雨的过程。本文根据降水强度资料、天气形势场、大气物理量(散度、涡度、水汽通量、水汽通量散度、比湿)、卫星云图特征等进行综合分析,发现台风强度强、范围大、维持时间长以及有较好的低层辐合、高层辐散是大暴雨产生的主要原因,两条很好的水汽输送通道为台风螺旋云带对流云发生发展和大暴雨的维持提供充足的水汽条件。本文还对登陆浙江的台风和登陆福建北部的台风在浙江降水情况进行了对比分析。 相似文献
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本文通过对0604号台风"碧丽斯"的降水强度资料,环流背景场、大气物理量场、卫星运图特征等进行综合分析得出:"碧丽斯"登陆后在福建东南沿海造成的暴雨,与高空盛行的东北气流、南海西南季风关系密切,与低层辐合、高层辐散、上升运动、水汽通量和相对湿度等都有较好的对应关系,且与台风不对称结构有关. 相似文献
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《海洋预报》2018,(5)
利用热带气旋路径数据集资料、NCEP逐6 h再分析资料和FY卫星TBB资料,统计显示:1985—2014年北上到渤海和黄海北部的台风一共34个,其中8月最多,有三分之一已经变性成温带气旋。两次北上影响黄渤海的台风过程(1410号"麦德姆"和0713号"韦帕")的对比分析显示:两者北上时与中纬度的高空槽云系结合,锋生显著,降水范围增大。台风"韦帕"登陆后与高空槽云系结合的纬度更低,强度减弱速度更快,降水和对流云带主要分布在其中心的北侧,而台风"麦德姆"则主要分布在其中心的西南侧。台风登陆后垂直速度和水汽通量散度出现不对称结构,并与降水区域一致。视热源和视水汽汇诊断显示:台风"韦帕"遭遇的冷空气强度更强,由西侧的中高层开始快速向下入侵;台风"麦德姆"则由低层开始由西侧和东侧同时入侵。 相似文献
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An Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device can output energy through reciprocating or unidirectional airflow. The unidirectional airflow is helpful to utilize a simple and high-efficiency unidirectional air turbine. The pentagonal BBDB proposed by us based on OWC principle can be regarded as a floating Oscillating Body and its Power Take-Off (PTO) consists of a chamber, a water column, a turbine and a generator. The Capture Width Ratio (CWR) of the pentagonal BBDB model with the reciprocating and unidirectional airflow was studied in this paper. The wave flume test results indicate the mean CWR of the pentagonal BBDB model with reciprocating airflow can reach up to 121.91% and the mean CWR of the model with unidirectional airflow could reach 100.94% during the whole wave cycle in regular waves. For irregular waves, the mean CWR of the model with the unidirectional airflow is as high as 62.83% during the whole wave cycle. Hopefully, the combination of the pentagonal BBDB with the check valve to output power during the air exhalation and conventional high-efficiency unidirectional turbine will improve the total efficiency of the BBDB. 相似文献
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This paper presents a theoretical study of wavelength dependence four-wave-mixing (FWM) spectroscopy in a micrometric thin atomic vapour. It compares three cases termed as mismatched case I, matched case and mismatched case II for the probe wavelength less, equal and greater than the pump wavelength respectively. It finds that Dicke-narrowing can overcome width broadening induced by Doppler effects and polarisation interference of thermal atoms, and high resolution FWM spectra can be achieved both in matched and mismatched wavelength for many cases. It also finds that the magnitude of the FWM signal can be dramatically modified to be suppressed or to be enhanced in comparison with that of matched wavelength in mismatched case I or II. The width narrowing and the magnitude suppression or enhancement can be demonstrated by considering enhanced contribution of slow atoms induced by atom-wall collision and transient effect of atom-light interaction in a micrometric thin vapour. 相似文献
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Jen-Men Lo 《Ocean Engineering》1997,24(7):645-663
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the performance of an air-bubble barrier and to determine the oil volume passage rate through such a barrier under various oil sample, wind, wave and current conditions. Two empirical equations were derived based on the laboratory data. The first equation determines the relationship between current velocity and the minimum airflow rate required to avoid oil flow through the barrier from the surface. The second equation predicts the dimensionless oil volume passage rate through the barrier under the surface per unit width when the required minimum airflow rate is given in order to prevent oil flow through the barrier from the surface. If the current and wind speed are given, both the minimum required airflow rate for avoiding oil flow through the barrier from the surface, and the dimensionless oil volume passage rate through the barrier under the surface per unit width can be determined. 相似文献
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选取1956?2016年共126例天津沿岸风暴潮个例，基于统计资料研究其发生规律，并按照天气形势将之分类。冷锋型温带风暴潮个例占据全部风暴潮个例的60%以上，其平均每年发生1.28次，2013?2016年有明显增多的趋势。利用Lamb-Jenkinson(L-J)客观分型方法，对2003?2016年的冷锋型温带风暴潮个例进行客观分型，并计算5个环流指数。分型结果表明:除有1例无法归类外，其余均可进行客观分类。在全部分型的27类环流类型中，冷锋型温带风暴潮个例的环流主要集中在12类之中。其中反气旋混合偏东气流型、反气旋混合东北气流型、偏东气流型均发生较多次数，共占据了总数的58.8%。此3类出现次数多，产生的增水大，可认为冷锋型温带风暴潮个例依据客观分型再次细分为此3种主要类型。3种主要的客观环流类型80%集中出现在秋、冬季节。利用典型过程的海平面气压场进行对比分析，其客观分型结果可以对影响渤海的冷锋走向和冷高压中心位置进行区分。环流指数的强弱粗略的表示了风暴潮过程的强弱。客观环流类型和环流指数，可以为风暴潮个例对比分析提供客观依据。 相似文献
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A common fault of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) is an overestimation of orographic precipitation. One basic reason is that water vapour advection schemes do not use information about the local temperature. When water vapour is advected from a warm grid point to a colder one, supersaturation may occur on the way, and the water vapour advected may partly precipitate before reaching the latter. This process is particularly important when moisture is advected upward mountain slopes along terrain‐following coordinates. Not taking it in account, i.e., letting all the moisture reach the colder point, leads to artificial drying of the windward valleys and foothills, and to overestimation of rainfall over summits and plateaux. This spurious behaviour is amplified by the resulting biases in the circulation, due to misplacement of the moisture convergence. It is a general bias, although its magnitude may be reduced, for instance when σ-coordinates are replaced by hybrid coordinates, or increased by highly diffusive schemes such as the upstream finite differencing. A simple way of correcting this bias is to test the advected water vapour with respect to saturation values, and redistribute it accordingly over the grid points found along the advecting path. This method is tested on a finite difference model using σ-coordinates and an upstream advection scheme. The effect on the distribution of moisture and rainfall is dramatic: precipitation is displaced from summits and plateaux to slopes and foothills, leading to much more realistic patterns, in particular for the Indian and Amazonian monsoons. 相似文献
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应用灰色系统理论对海面溢油物理化学性质(蒸发率、溶解率、表面张力、黏度和密度)在风化过程中的变化进行研究,建立了溢油物理化学性质在风化过程中的预测模式GM(1,1)和GM(0,m).结果表明,在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质的GM(1,1)和GM(0,m)模式预测精度令人满意,皆符合统计学检验的要求;在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质所具有的灰色相关性可用GM(0,m)模式的灰色辨识参数来表征;在风化过程中,溢油的蒸发率和溶解率可分别用表面张力、黏度和密度作为预报因子。 相似文献
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用冷原子荧光直接测定海水中的痕量汞,目前在我国还未正式使用.国内外普遍使用的是无焰原子吸收或冷原子吸收法进行直接分析或富集浓缩后进行分析[1,2].但富集法步骤麻烦、装置复杂、容使样品污染,且样品用量大,要消耗大量的试剂和分析时间.本文叙述了利用国产YYG-77型冷原子荧光测汞仪[3,4,5],改进了还原器,使用封闭进样,使整个体系在测量时处于封闭状态,消除了由于空气进入而产生的荧光猝灭;同时对不同的进样方式作了比较实验.通过大量实验,选择了最佳实验条件和适当的反应的体积,取样量改为50毫升,使本方法的检测限由原仪器的0.05微克/升降低到0.002微克/升;精密度为2-5%.每个样品的测定时间只需40-60秒.本方法适于天然海水中痕量汞的测定,也便于海上操作. 相似文献
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Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated. 相似文献
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对国产第一批冷原子荧光测汞仪进行了改进,大大降低了原仪器的噪音,并进行了系列实验验证工作.改进后的冷原子荧光测汞仪,灵敏度高,与金捕集-冷原子吸收法具有相近的灵敏度,而该方法具有测定简便、快速等优点.探测限达到0.033n mol. 相似文献
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The characteristics of sea fog with different airflow over the Huanghai Sea in boreal spring 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using the observations from ICOADS datasets and contemporaneous NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets during 1960-2002, the study classifies the airflows in favor of sea fog over the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea in boreal spring (April-May) with the method of trajectory analysis, and analyzes the changes of proportions of warm and cold sea fogs along different paths of airflow. According to the heat balance equation, we investigate the relationships between the marine meteorological conditions and the proportion of warm and cold sea fog along different airflow paths. The major results are summarized as follows. (1) Sea fogs over the Huanghai Sea in spring are not only warm fog but also cold fog. The proportion of warm fog only accounts for 44% in April, while increases as high as 57% in May. (2) Four primary airflow paths leading to spring sea fog are identified. They are originated from the northwest, east, southeast and southwest of the Huanghai Sea, respectively. The occurrence ratios of the warm sea fog along the east and southeast airflow paths are high of 55% and 70%, while these along the southwest and northwest airflow paths are merely 17.9% and 50%. (3) The key physical processes governing the warm/cold sea fog are heat advection transport, longwave radiation cooling at fog top, solar shortwave warming and latent heat flux between airsea interfaces. (4) The characteristics of sea fog along the four airflow paths relate closely to the conditions of water vapor advection, and the vertical distribution of relative humidity. 相似文献