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为了解舟山附近海域大型底栖动物群落组成特点及其与环境因子的内在关联,在2019~2020年对舟山附近海域12个站位的大型底栖动物及环境因子进行了调查研究。采用丰度、生物量、相对重要性指数(IRI)、Cluster聚类以及PCoA分析和Pearson相关性分析等方法对该海域的大型底栖动物群落组成、主要影响环境因子进行了分析。结果表明,两个航次共在舟山海域采集到大型底栖动物56种,其中多毛类动物28种,甲壳动物8种,软体动物7种,棘皮动物6种,刺胞动物3种、纽形动物2种,星虫动物和脊索动物各1种;两年平均丰度和生物量分别为36.32ind./m2和5.59g/m2,纽虫(Nemertea)是丰度的最大贡献者,而星虫爱氏海葵(Edwardsia sipunculoides)和棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)则是生物量的最大贡献者;2020年大型底栖动物的总物种数、丰富度指数和多样性指数高于2019年,且两年舟山海域大型底栖动物的总物种数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于舟山邻近海域。与舟山海域大型底栖动物群落最相关的环境因子是水深、底层水盐度和硝态氮(NO3),这三个环境因子彼此相关性显著,随着盐度的增加,水深逐渐增加而硝酸氮含量则显著降低,群落物种数、丰度和丰富度则显著增加。通过对舟山附近海域大型底栖动物群落组成特点及其与环境因子的内在关联的研究,有望为东海近岸海域大型底栖动物群落的演替规律研究提供基础数据和科学依据。 相似文献
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根据2010年8月至2014年8月对浙江渔山列岛附近海域6个站位的大型底栖动物调查,分析了渔山列岛附近海域大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落物种组成、优势种、丰度、生物量、群落的时空变化等,分析了大型底栖动物的群落结构,并使用AMBI和M-AMBI对大型底栖动物群落和环境质量进行了评估。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物60种,其中多毛类动物25种,软体动物13种,甲壳动物9种,棘皮动物4种,鱼类6种,其它动物3种(包括纽虫2种和扁形动物1种)。多毛类动物是该研究海域大型底栖动物群落的主要成分,占据了群落总种数的41.67%。在5个调查年份中,共出现了17种优势种,优势种年际变化很大,在5年内多次出现的优势种只有5种。在物种丰度方面,多毛类仍然是群落丰度的主要贡献者,但丰度的年际变化明显,从7.07%到40.89%不等。鱼类在生物量方面的重要性最高,主要是红狼牙鰕虎鱼Odontamblyopus rubicundus的多次出现所致。在环境因子中,悬浮物和盐度被证明是该海域对大型底栖动物群落影响最大的环境因子,这与该海域较高的悬浮物含量以及多变的盐度密切相关;在AMBI和M-AMBI进行的生态质量评价显示,该海域多数站位的生态质量状况较好,处于轻度扰动的影响之下,这些扰动来源于环境和底质状况不稳定引发的自然扰动而非人为污染。 相似文献
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2012年9月对辽东湾西部倾倒区海域的大型底栖动物进行了调查。调查海域共发现底栖动物54种,包括多毛类35种,甲壳类10种,软体动物6种,棘皮动物1种,其他2种。底栖动物丰度平均为1 140.8个/m2,生物量为11.02 g/m2,多样性指数平均为3.39。丰度、生物量比较结果显示,调查海域大型底栖动物群落受到中度干扰,调查海域底栖动物群落可分为以对照组为主的群落和倾倒区群落。海洋倾倒导致倾倒区内大型底栖动物的种类数量、丰度、生物量和多样性水平下降,群落特征种受倾倒的影响较明显。底栖动物与重金属含量之间无显著相关关系,掩埋是辽东湾西部倾倒活动主要的影响方式。 相似文献
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2012年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带大型底栖动物群落及环境质量进行分析。结果表明:春季调查共鉴定大型底栖动物36种,种类组成以软体动物和多毛类为主;夏季调查共鉴定大型底栖动物22种,种类组成以软体动物和节肢动物为主。夏季大型底栖动物丰度和生物量明显低于春季。春季丰度和生物量皆以软体动物最高;夏季丰度以多毛类最高,生物量以节肢动物最高。滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带大型底栖动物物种数、丰度和生物量从高潮带向低潮带不断增高。采用大型底栖动物污染指数MPI和AMBI指数对调查海域潮间带大型底栖动物生态环境质量进行评价分析时,发现滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带生态环境质量总体处于良好状态,但MPI评价法和AMBI指数法对滦河口-洋河口海域潮间带生态环境质量分级结果存在差异。两种评价方法在生态环境状况分级评价中皆存在一定偏差,还需相互校准,并通过环境压力的梯度数据进行对比分析。 相似文献
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基于2010年5月和2013年6月采集的黄、渤海海域的大型底栖动物数据,对该海域大型底栖动物的种类组成和群落结构等进行了研究,对该海域大型底栖动物群落结构的时间和空间差异进行了分析,并利用AMBI和m-AMBI生物指数对各站位的生态质量状况进行了评估。研究结果表明:在2010年5月和2013年6月所采站位的大型底栖动物共有131种,其中软体动物和甲壳动物占据了较大比例的物种数量,分别为51种和42种;其次为鱼类、多毛类和棘皮动物。该海域的优势物种为日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus、日本褐虾 Crangon hakodatei、司氏盖蛇尾Stegophiura sladeni和奇异指纹蛤Acila mirabilis,其中司氏盖蛇尾具有最大的丰度和优势度。生物指数(AMBI和m-AMBI)的结果显示黄、渤海区域底栖生态环境仍相对稳定,但与历史资料比较得知,该海域大型底栖动物生存环境整体趋于恶化。 相似文献
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青岛近海秋季大型底栖动物群落特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2007年10月在青岛近海进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品,采用大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的物种组成、生物量和丰度分布、群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查共获得青岛近海大型底栖动物160种,其中多毛类93种,甲壳动物37种,软体动物16种,棘皮动物7种,其它类群动物7种。群落中优势种的优势度均不明显,以多毛类巴氏钩毛虫(Sigambra bassi)和长须沙蚕(Nereis longior)贡献率最高。生物量和丰度空间分布没有明显的规律性,呈斑块状分布。群落结构聚类分析表明,15个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%~30%,仅有S2和S4站、S11和S12站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到30%。ABC曲线表明,该研究海域处于1个轻度人为扰动的状态。 相似文献
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夏季大亚湾大型底栖动物群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《热带海洋学报》2017,(1)
利用2013年8月在大亚湾海域进行的海洋生态调查所采集的底栖动物样品及环境参数,研究了夏季大亚湾海域底栖动物种类组成、数量分布、群落结构及其环境影响因子。结果表明,调查共采集到大型底栖动物153种,其中环节动物81种、软体动物37种、甲壳动物25种、棘皮动物6种、其他类动物4种;环节动物种数占总种数的52.94%,是构成大亚湾大型底栖动物的主要类群。优势种类为短吻铲荚螠和波纹巴菲蛤。底栖动物平均丰度和平均生物量分别为410ind·m~(–2)和84.83g·m~(–2)。等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)将大亚湾的底栖动物分为5个群落。相关性分析表明,影响夏季大亚湾底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子为沉积物石油类。BIOENV分析表明,底栖动物种类丰度与有机质和重金属的铅、铜和镉等环境因素密切相关。 相似文献
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9.
烟台近海大型底栖动物群落特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
为了解烟台近岸海域大型底栖动物群落现状,分析群落演替特征,并在此基础上探讨引发群落演替的原因,于2010年4月、8月、11月及2011年3月4个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）对烟台近海大型底栖动物进行周年调查分析。采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、Cluster聚类和MDS排序分析大型底栖动物群落特征,并与历史资料比较分析群落演替情况。结果表明,该海域共采集到大型底栖动物176种,其中多毛类77种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物39种,棘皮动物7种,其他7种。群落中的优势种组成季节性差异较小,基本保持稳定,短叶索沙蚕和不倒翁虫为4个季度共有优势种。烟台近海年平均生物量为16.72 g/m2,以秋季最高,春季最小;年平均丰度为1022 ind/m2,以冬季最高,春季最低。丰富度指数（D）、均匀度指数（J）和多样性指数（H’）的年平均值分别为2.30、0.70和1.91。聚类分析结果表明,大型底栖动物群落结构与底质和水深关系密切,但是由于受到不同类型的环境扰动,大型底栖动物群落呈现斑块状分布。与上世纪90年代相比,群落特征发生了一定程度的变化,表现为物种数下降,群落中优势类群的比例和优势种组成发生了变化,群落中软体动物比例减少,多毛类比例增加。人类活动包括污水排放、养殖和捕捞、港口建设和船舶航运等干扰是导致调查海域大型底栖动物种类组成及数量变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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为探究华南沿海海草床大型底栖动物群落特征、地区差异及其与海草群落间的关系,2020年在华南沿海12个海草床区域开展了大型底栖动物调查。共布设33个调查断面99个站位,在主要群落参数的基础上,运用相关性分析和聚类分析、nMDS排序、相似性百分比分析等群落生态学统计方法分析了底栖动物群落特征及其与海草群落的关系。共鉴定出大型底栖动物9大门类199种,其中,软体动物种类最多,占总种类数的39.7%。各区域底栖动物的平均栖息密度为155.7 ind/m2,青葛—龙湾（琼海）的平均栖息密度最低,珍珠湾（防城港）的平均栖息密度最高;平均生物量为118.36 g/m2,最低值出现在义丰溪（汕头）,最高值出现在珍珠湾。各区域底栖动物的优势种以潮间带泥沙滩常见腹足类、双壳类和多毛类为主;底栖动物的种类多样性指数（H′）平均值为1.12,最低值出现在唐家湾（珠海）,最高值出现在铁山港（北海）;各调查区域底栖动物主要群落参数大致呈现“北部湾>海南沿岸>珠江口及粤东”的规律。华南沿海海草床分布区大型底栖动物群落的区域性特征较为明显,地理位置相近的海草床底栖动物群落特征相似性程度较高。海草密度越大,总生物量越高,越有利于底栖动物的种类多样性指数维持在更高水平。以大、中型海草为主的海草床,相较于面积小,以小型海草为主的海草床,其区域内的大型底栖动物群落结构更为复杂。 相似文献
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基于2014年秋季（11月）在黄海海域所获取的大型底栖动物及环境数据,研究了黄海海域大型底栖甲壳类动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、多样性以及群落结构特征等。调查海域共发现71种大型底栖甲壳类动物,隶属于32科45属,其平均丰度和生物量分别为278inds./m2和2.33g/m2。IRI值最高的物种为太平洋方甲涟虫Eudorella pacifica。在23%的相似度水平上,可以将大型底栖甲壳类划分为六个群落。Pearson相关性结果显示,太平洋方甲涟虫Eudorella pacifica丰度与水深呈极显著正相关,与底盐呈显著正相关,与底温呈显著负相关。大型底栖甲壳类动物的物种数占比在黄海大型底栖动物类群组成中变化不大,都在30%左右。BOPA指数表明,调查海域底栖生态环境整体良好,仅黄海中部和南部部分站位可能存在中度扰动;BOPA指数能较好地评价研究海域的环境质量状况。 相似文献
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Seagrass grazing by fish was measured in a large seagrass-dominated temperate bay (Geographe Bay, Western Australia) to examine whether: (1) seagrass herbivory occurs; (2) the level of herbivory is influenced by nitrogen in seagrass leaves; and (3) how herbivory and herbivorous fish communities vary with water depth and seagrass species. Species and abundance of fish and herbivore bite marks on seagrass leaves were recorded from diver surveys of 23 sites of varying depth ranging from 1 m to 18 m. Posidonia sinuosa, Posidonia coriacea, Amphibolis griffithii, and Amphibolis antarctica seagrass leaves were collected, dried and analysed for total nitrogen. Evidence for low levels of seagrass grazing was found at over half the sites surveyed, though high levels of grazing were recorded at only one site. An east–west pattern was observed in the location of grazed sites and of herbivorous fish species that corresponded with the general prevalence of patch reefs, indicating that reef associated fish assemblages may be responsible for the observed grazing. Total nitrogen was elevated in seagrass leaves associated with drains, although increased nitrogen was not associated with increased grazing. While grazing was recorded in this temperate seagrass meadow, the abundance of herbivorous fish was low and the amount of biomass removed by them was small compared to the balance of the meadow remaining, and to seagrass grazing studies elsewhere. 相似文献
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Toms Vega Fernndez Marco Milazzo Fabio Badalamenti Giovanni D'Anna 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,65(4):645-653
An extensive Posidonia oceanica meadow was partially destroyed by excavation, resulting in areas of seagrass habitat of equal complexity (shoot density) but different heterogeneity (degree of fragmentation). The fish assemblages associated with differently fragmented beds were compared from a landscape perspective. Differences in the fish assemblages were detected, with several species showing different patterns: (1) species that increased their abundance along with the degree of bed fragmentation, (2) species that were more abundant in fragmented beds, but did not show differences between more or less fragmented beds, and (3) species that were mostly abundant in large seagrass patches or in the continuous meadow. The fish assemblages were also affected by depth, but further research is needed to determine properly this effect. Some ecological mechanisms are suggested to operate in the interaction between P. oceanica and the held fish assemblage. 相似文献
14.
Spatial distribution of crustaceans associated with shallow soft‐bottom habitats in a coral reef lagoon 
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下载免费PDF全文 The ecology and diversity of the shallow soft‐bottom areas adjacent to coral reefs are still poorly known. To date, the few studies conducted in these habitats dealing with macroinvertebrate fauna have focused on their abundance spatial patterns at high taxonomic levels. Thus, some aspects important to evaluate the importance and vulnerability of these habitats, such as species diversity or the degree of habitat specialization, have often been overlooked. In this study we compared the crustacean assemblages present in four different habitats at Magoodhoo Island coral reef lagoon (Maldives): coral rubble, sandy areas and two different seagrass species (Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea sp.). Forty‐two different crustacean species belonging to 30 families and four orders were found. ‘Site’ was a significant factor in all of the statistical analyses, indicating that tropical soft‐bottom habitats can be highly heterogeneous, even at a spatial scale between tens and hundreds of meters. Although traditionally it has been considered that seagrass beds host greater species diversity and abundance of organisms than adjacent unvegetated habitats, no differences in the univariate measures of fauna (abundance of organisms, number of species and Shannon diversity) were observed among habitats. However, sandy areas, coral rubble and seagrass beds exhibited different species composition of crustacean communities. The percentage of taxa considered as potential habitat specialists was 27% and the number of species exclusively occurring in one habitat was especially high in seagrass beds. Thus, degradation of this vegetated habitat would result in a great loss of biodiversity in tropical shallow soft‐bottom habitats. 相似文献
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海草床是海岸带最富生产力的生态系统之一，支撑着各种各样的伴生生物。热带的印度和太平洋地区被认为拥有海草植物种类多样性最高，且分布面积最广，然而，这个区域的海草床大型底栖生物我们知之甚少。为了填补认知的空白，我们在该区域开展了一项生态调查，旨在描述该区热带海草床大型底栖生物的丰度和多样性，以及确定大型底栖生物丰度、物种丰富度和群落结构是否明显存在断面内的站间变化和样地间变化。2014年5月和2015年10月我们分别在北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸开展野外工作，使用柱状取样器采集海草床大型底栖生物样品。所得样品共计鉴定14大类149种底栖生物，种类最为丰富的类别为多毛类（56种，占26%的总个体数），十足类（20种，占9%的总个体数）和端足类（18种，占35%的总个体数）。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物表现出不同的空间分布模式。在东海岸，同一断面的大型底栖生物和端足类的丰度存在显著的站间差异；而在西海岸，大型底栖生物和多毛类的种类丰富度和丰度都表现出明显的站间变化，这可能归结于同一断面底质不均所造成。单因素ANOSIM以及MDS排序表明了北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著不同，正好对应于将海草床分成两大类型的栖息地，即西海岸的红树林-海草床-珊瑚连续体和东海岸的海草床-珊瑚连续体。与在热带海区开展的其他研究相比，本研究的大型底栖生物丰度和多样性处于中等水平。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落存在显著区别，其原因可能源于多方面，包括了沉积物模式，海草床结构和时间变化。 相似文献
16.
Katsumasa Yamada Masakazu Hori Yoshiyuki Tanaka Natsuki Hasegawa Masahiro Nakaoka 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
We examined the variation in habitat use and diet of three dominant fish species (Myoxocephalus brandti, Pholidapus dybowskii, and Pholis crassispina) in a seagrass meadow in the Akkeshi-ko estuary in northeastern Japan, where broad and dense Zostera marina beds exist, using a semi-quantitative census of the fishes and analyses of their stomach contents. Differences among the three fish species in the temporal variation in abundance of each age class (mainly 1- and 2-year age classes) indicated that the temporal pattern of utilization of the seagrass meadow were different among them. In the semi-quantitative dietary analysis, two prey categories, i.e., taxonomic group (order and suborder) and functional group, were used to explain the variation in prey composition with size-dependent changes. The six prey functional groups were classified based on the ecological traits of the prey, i.e., trophic level, size, and life type (habitat and behavior). Ontogenetic shifts in prey of the three fish species could be fully explained by a combination of the two prey categories, and not by the use of only one category (taxonomic or functional group). The pattern of ontogenetic shifts in prey differed among the fish species and size (age) classes. These results indicate that segregation of habitat (seagrass meadow) and prey group (taxonomic and functional group) is performed among the three species, which may contribute to their coexistence in this estuary. 相似文献
17.
Abstract. The polychaete community structure from six Halodule wrightii seagrass beds along the Rio de Janeiro coast (Southeast Brazil) was investigated. Variations in species diversity, overall density and species composition in relation to sediment grain size, seagrass biomass and selected plant structural features such as root and shoot length from the study sites were analysed. Ten core samples (0.02 m2 ) were randomly collected from each site. Three additional samples were taken for grain size analysis of sediment. Sixty-eight species of polychaetes belonging to 24 families were found. The dominant species as well as species composition varied greatly among sites, showing that a typical polychaete community does not exist. The number of species was positively correlated with the silt-clay percent and sorting coefficient of the sediment. A positive correlation between polychaete density and plant biomass was also obtained. Multivariate analysis indicated that polychaete communities were influenced greatly by seagrass plant features: plants with longer shoots harbour mainly surface-deposit feeders such as Magelona papillicornis , whereas plants with a higher root-shoot length relation sheltered mainly suspension or interface feeders like Fabricia filamentosa . This study demonstrates that granulometric properties as well as plant architecture play an important role in structuring the polychaete community. As the community-level response can reflect changes in local seagrass beds, the structure of the polychaete community can be an important indicator for management plans and the restoration of seagrass ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
From the Indian coast only limited data are available on the benthic fauna of the seagrass communities. In this study, seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and influence of environmental parameters was explored at four seagrass beds and two mangrove stations along the Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, India, from September 1999 to August 2001. A total of 160 macrobenthic species from eight major groups represented the macrofauna of the Minicoy Island. Of the identified taxa, molluscs 70（gastropods 41.46%, bivalves 7.5%）, polychaetes 27（16.88%）, crustaceans 30（18.75%）, echinoderms 11（6.88%） and remaining others. Average seasonal abundance of benthic macrofauna ranged from 219 to 711 ind./m2, species diversity varied from 1.45 to 3.64 bits per individual, species richness index ranged from 4.01 to 26.17, evenness 0.69 to 1.66. In general, the higher abundance and species diversity was noticed in southern seagrass stations and northern seagrass stations, but in the mangrove stations comparatively low species diversity was observed. Three-way analysis of variance indicated that all communities resulted as being significantly different between seagrass and mangrove station, mainly when the seasonal interaction was considered. Multivariate analyses were employed to help define benthic characteristic and the relationship between environmental parameters at the six monitoring stations. Results of cluster analyses and multidimensional scale plot suggest that for mangrove region, different physiographic provinces, lower salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment biotic structure have a higher influence on the species composition and diversity than other oceanographic conditions. 相似文献