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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(4)
以南海北部珠江口盆地西部文昌B凹陷构造沉积演化分析为基础,以不同构造带和含油气层系油气成藏特征为依据,将文昌B凹陷及周缘油气运聚成藏模式划分为南部陡坡带扇三角洲骨架砂岩近源垂向运移的古近系断层圈闭聚集成藏模式、南部陡坡带断裂+砂岩垂向运移的新近系背斜圈闭聚集成藏模式、北部缓坡带骨架砂岩近源侧向运移的古近系地层超覆圈闭聚集成藏模式及北部凸起区骨架砂岩+断裂长距离侧向运移的新近系背斜圈闭聚集成藏模式4种类型。在此基础上进一步分析了不同类型油气成藏模式的"源-汇-聚"等油气运聚成藏特征,指出了不同类型油气藏形成与分布的主控因素。同时,根据不同类型油气藏分布富集规律,对文昌B凹陷及周缘有利勘探目标进行了评价预测并经钻探获得了证实,取得了较好勘探成效。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
在总结珠江口盆地岩性油气藏勘探历程的基础上,指出岩性油藏勘探所面临的问题主要为有效储层、有效圈闭及有效充注的识别。针对以上问题,通过古珠江三角洲陆架区域岩性油气藏勘探实践,以勘探程度较高的惠西南地区为例,提出了古珠江三角洲岩性油藏的主控因素:"富洼优相控带"、"两面分级控砂"、"两线耦合控圈"、"断砂顺脊控藏",并指出以成藏为驱动的岩性油藏的连片性勘探是获得岩性油藏大储量的关键。 相似文献
3.
《海洋地质前沿》2017,(10)
通过珠江口盆地西江主洼地区古近系油气勘探实例,提出了油气初次运移有效性与初次运移有效区的概念。初次运移是否有效取决于烃源岩排出之油气进入邻近砂体后能否顺利二次分配。初次运移有效性的主控因素取决于2点:一是发育与烃源岩接触面积较大的规模性砂体;二是砂体中粗孔喉相对发育。前者可为初次运移有效性、提高运聚充注效率奠定基础;后者则决定了油气优先充注的运聚方向,其是决定初次运移最终有效的直接条件。据此,对比分析了西江A构造圈闭与西江B构造圈闭的钻探结果,并对西江A构造钻探失利进行了深入解剖,进而深化了该区古近系油气成藏规律的认识,且为进一步勘探寻找类似油气藏提供了参考和借鉴。 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质前沿》2018,(11)
立足于大西洋的构造演化,划分了盆地构造演化阶段,明确了不同演化阶段的构造、沉积特征,分析了漂移期岩性油气藏的成藏特征,建立油气成藏模式,指出了油气勘探的方向。研究表明,塞拉利昂—利比里亚盆地经历了裂陷期和漂移期两个演化阶段,早白垩世裂陷期,构造活动强烈,以陆相沉积为主;晚白垩世至今的漂移期构造活动弱,以海相沉积为主。赛诺曼—土伦阶海相烃源岩是漂移期岩性油气藏的主要油气来源,是油气成藏的基础;盆地漂移期广泛发育大型深水沉积体,深水沉积体是漂移期储层和岩性圈闭形成的关键;油气运移控制了岩性油气藏的成藏模式,漂移期构造活动弱,缺少油源断裂,赛诺曼—土伦阶成熟烃源岩生成的油气就近运移至烃源岩层内的岩性圈闭中聚集成藏,形成自生自储的油气成藏模式;寻找赛诺曼—土伦阶烃源岩灶内大型沉积体是盆地未来深水区油气勘探的重要方向。 相似文献
5.
在深入调研南海深水盆地油气地质条件的基础上,系统分析了油气分布规律和成藏主控因素,明确了油气资源潜力和有利勘探方向,旨在为南海深水油气勘探决策提供科学依据。研究结果表明:南海深水盆地发育在非典型边缘海大陆边缘,其石油地质条件具有特殊性,油气分布特征存在显著的南北差异。其中,南海北部深水的珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地,以构造圈闭型油气藏为主;南海中南部深水的曾母盆地南部和文莱-沙巴盆地,主要为构造圈闭型油气藏,曾母盆地北部以岩性油气藏(生物礁滩型油气藏)为主,万安盆地主要为构造圈闭型和基岩潜山型油气藏。南海北部深水盆地和中南部深水盆地的烃源岩、储盖和圈闭等油气地质特征表明,南海深水盆地具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。南海深水的有利勘探方向为:①琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷的中央峡谷、陵南斜坡带,松南-宝岛凹陷的反转构造带,宝岛凹陷北坡海底扇,长昌凹陷的环A洼圈闭带(海底扇);珠江口盆地白云凹陷的主洼深水扇、主洼两翼、西南断阶带,荔湾凹陷的深水扇。②南海中南部深水盆地的文莱-沙巴、曾母和万安盆地。 相似文献
6.
南海北部莺-琼盆地油气勘探活动已经历了30余年,勘探发现的油气田主要以构造型油气藏为主。随着勘探程度的加深,寻找非构造的隐蔽圈闭油气藏以改变莺-琼盆地油气勘探的被动局面显得日益重要。根据油气勘探工作需要将莺-琼盆地隐蔽圈闭划分为低位盆底扇型圈闭、砂岩上倾尖灭型圈闭、浊积砂岩型圈闭、地层超覆型圈闭、古水道型圈闭、三角洲前缘砂体型圈闭。南海北部莺-琼盆地具备形成隐蔽圈闭油气藏的有利条件:莺-琼盆地有丰富的烃源基础;在历史时期内水平面的频繁变化,使得岩性带在纵横向上都发生交织变化而产生岩性油气藏,尤以在盆地低水位期形成的盆底扇、斜坡扇等低位扇为主;另外历史时期构造活动频繁,而形成多个构造面和构造不整合面,与之相适应地产生了多种地层不整合油气藏等。 相似文献
7.
秦南凹陷经历了46年勘探，只发现了秦皇岛29-2油气田，尤其是近9年勘探无一油气田发现，勘探工作陷入困境。为了弄清秦南凹陷油气成藏主控因素，指明油气勘探方向，利用三维地震、钻井及化验资料，梳理基础石油地质条件，通过已钻井成败分析和类比研究，明确各储盖组合的成藏主控因素，并预测有利勘探方向。研究表明：(1)秦南凹陷沙三段、沙一段烃源岩发育，TOC为1.5%～4%，类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型，资源潜力大，发育潜山、沙河街组-东营组、馆陶组-明下段三套储盖组合。(2)潜山下组合成藏主控因素为储层非均质性；沙河街-东营组中组合成藏主控因素为圈闭有效性；馆陶-明化镇组上组合成藏主控因素为油源断层的运移能力。(3)东洼与东南洼间低隆起、东洼西斜坡、东洼和东南洼大断层下降盘，分别是下、中、上组合今后的有利勘探区带。本研究成果为今后秦南凹陷油气勘探提供了依据，也为类似地区油气勘探工作提供可借鉴的思路。 相似文献
8.
在对构造演化、成藏要素、油源对比、成藏期次分析的基础上,结合Trinity油气运移成藏模拟分析软件对锦州25—1油田的油气运聚模拟研究,分析了形成锦州25—1油田的成藏主控因素,建立了其成藏模式,指出了该地区有利勘探方向。模拟分析结果表明,锦州25—1构造是辽西凹陷沙三段烃源岩生成油气运聚的有利指向区,而优良成藏要素的优势时空配置则是形成锦州25—1油田的关键因素。其成藏模式为：辽西凹陷沙三段烃源岩在东下段时期进入了大量生排烃期,生成的油气为一期充注,充注时间发生在东营组末期,沿东下段时期强烈构造运动伴生的断裂系统、沙二段广泛发育的砂体、沙二段与沙三段之间大型不整合面以及古构造脊所构成的疏导体系运移至沙二段圈闭成藏,而沙三段砂体则可以近源优势成藏。辽西凹陷西斜坡、凹中隆以及古构造脊是今后较为有利的勘探区域。 相似文献
9.
针对庙西南凸起馆陶组主要成藏砂体类型与油气富集程度的差异,分析油气运聚条件及其对油气成藏的影响,总结差异成藏规律。研究表明,油田区为多断阶"脊—断"接力式油气运聚模式,油气先沿馆陶组底部区域砂岩输导脊向高部位断阶区横向运移,再由"通脊"断裂将油气分配至浅层聚集成藏。增压应力的分布与强度是影响油气运移与保存的关键,控制主要成藏砂体类型与油气富集程度。增压区利于油气保存而不利于油气运移,以厚砂体成藏为主;弱增压区、亚增压区利于油气运移但不利于油气保存,主要为薄砂体成藏。构造低部位弱增压与高部位增压型断块运移与保存条件最优,油气最为富集。同一断块内部,"脊—断"条件控制不同井区的油气丰度,"通脊"断裂切至输导脊的构造位置越高、在输导脊上累计错动面积越大,该区域的油气丰度也越高。这种油气差异成藏规律有效指导了庙西南凸起馆陶组的高效评价,同时为类似地区的油气勘探提供了重要参考价值。 相似文献
10.
《海洋地质前沿》2017,(2)
北部湾盆地是我国海域较早开展油气勘探的地区之一,已经历50多年的油气勘探历程。目前的油气勘探区块主要集中于涠西南、福山凹陷等局部地区,盆地整体勘探程度较低,勘探突破少。因此,加强雷东凹陷等后备区的地质研究与资源评价十分必要。分析了北部湾盆地雷东凹陷主控断裂的发育特征、演化规律及其形成机制,并探讨了其对沉积充填与油气运聚成藏的控制作用。北部湾盆地雷东凹陷3条主干断裂的活动对沉积相带分布的控制作用十分明显,形成了东、西2个次洼,次洼内各有2个沉降中心。东次洼北断裂和西次洼南断裂是受NW—SE向拉张作用形成的NE向伸展断层,而西次洼北断裂是具平移剪切断层性质的转换断层。始新世早期,西次洼南断裂活动强烈,西次洼北断裂、东次洼北断裂开始发育;始新世晚期,西次洼南断裂活动减弱直至停止,西次洼北断裂、东次洼北断裂持续活动直至渐新世晚期停止;中新世断裂不发育,整体为拗陷阶段。雷东凹陷油气勘探应从有利疏导体系评价着手,在凹中隆、南部斜坡、北部陡坡等有利的油气优势运聚区寻找突破。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献