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1.
基于第三版本HOAPs (Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data)海表面温度、潜热通量、感热通量、海表面空气比湿以及海表面风场5个参量的18 a(1988～2005年)逐月平均资料,利用经验正交函数和奇异值分解方法分析了异常潜热和感热通量场在西北太平洋的时空分布特征及造成这种分布的主要影响因素.EOF的分析结果表明,异常潜热通量场主要体现为第一第二两个模态的变化,第一模态显示整个海域呈同相变化且在时间上呈准年周期变化,第二模态则描述了分别位于10°N,25°N和40°N的3个极值中心并伴随多年振荡,由因子载荷分布可知热带太平洋是第二模态的行为中心,因此该模态可能与ENSO事件相关.异常感热通量场则主要表现为第一模态的变化,在时间上呈准年周期变化并伴随有多年时间尺度的振荡.奇异值分解方法的分析结果表明异常海表面风场是异常潜热和感热通量场时空变化的重要影响因素. 相似文献
2.
The impact of spatiotemporal variability of the ice-covered area in the Arctic on the value and interannual dynamics of turbulent heat fluxes on the ocean–atmosphere border is considered. An expected inverse dependence of the heat fluxes integrated over the Arctic area and the area of ice is not detected. The largest interannual oscillations of heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere are timed to the varying position of the ice edge and, to a lesser extent, are connected with total area of ice. The role of the marginal ice zone in oceanic heat transfer is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that while moving along the marginal zone from the ice-free surface to the surface with an ice concentration of 0.8, latent and sensible heat fluxes are reduced by a factor of 2.5–3. 相似文献
3.
海面温度变化影响台风"海棠"强度的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对台风"海棠"5 d的数值模拟,研究海表温度(SST)变化对台风强度的影响。与NCEP月平均海表温度相对比,在中尺度大气模式中引入热带测雨卫星(TRMM)微波成像仪(TMI)/先进微波扫描辐射计(AMSR-E)来考察SST对台风"海棠"路径和强度的影响。研究结果表明,每天变化SST的试验模拟的台风强度和路径整体效果不错;模拟的台风路径不敏感于SST的变化,而台风强度的变化不仅取决于由于台风移动引发的SST冷却的幅度大小,而且取决于SST冷却区域的相对位置。在台风"海棠"强烈发展过程中,台风中心右侧冷却区对台风中心气压影响很小;台风强烈发展过后,SST冷却区开始影响台风强度,但造成台风中心气压下降幅度不大,6 h内台风中心气压减弱约3.9 hPa。海面热量通量和海面风速与SST的分布都有良好的相关性:在SST变化为正值的暖水区,感热通量和潜热通量都是一个正的通量分布的极值区,并有风速极大值区域存在;在台风右侧相应的冷却区,则存在着负的通量异常和风速极小值区域。 相似文献
4.
New satellite-derived latent and sensible heat fluxes are performed by using Wind Sat wind speed, Wind Sat sea surface temperature, the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF) air humidity, and ECMWF air temperature from 2004 to 2014. The 55 moored buoys are used to validate them by using the 30 min and 25 km collocation window. Furthermore, the objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes(OAFlux) products and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis 2(NCEP2) products are also used for global comparisons. The mean biases of sensible and latent heat fluxes between Wind Sat flux results and buoy flux data are –0.39 and –8.09 W/m~2, respectively. In addition, the rootmean-square(RMS) errors of the sensible and latent heat fluxes between them are 5.53 and 24.69 W/m~2,respectively. The RMS errors of sensible and latent heat fluxes are observed to gradually increase with an increasing buoy wind speed. The difference shows different characteristics with an increasing sea surface temperature, air humidity, and air temperature. The zonal average latent fluxes have some high regions which are mainly located in the trade wind zones where strong winds carry dry air in January, and the maximum value centers are found in the eastern waters of Japan and on the US east coast. Overall, the seasonal variability is pronounced in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The three sensible and latent heat fluxes have similar latitudinal dependencies; however, some differences are found in some local regions. 相似文献
5.
利用2000年5月6日至6月17日在西沙海域进行的第二次南海海-气通量观测资料,计算了南海季风爆发前后海洋-大气间的辐射收支、感热通量、潜热通量及海洋热量净收支;发现季风爆发后海-气热量交换突然发生变化,其中潜热通量、海洋热量净收支变化尤为显著。讨论了季风爆发前后各种天气过程影响下海-气热量、水汽交换特点和海洋热量净收支变化,说明季风爆发前海洋是一个能量积累过程,季风爆发期海洋是一个能量释放过程,季风中断期海洋是一个能量再积累过程;季风爆发后西南大风期持续时间和强度,强烈影响水汽蒸发量大小,进而影响我国大陆上夏季降水,通过南海与阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾、西太平洋暖池等不同海域资料对比,分析了它们在海-气热量交换上的差别,指出这种差别是爆发后南海SST基本稳定而阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾SST明显降低的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
Seasonal variability of interannual fluctuations of the heat balance components of the upper quasi-homogeneous ocean layer (UQL) in the North Atlantic is analyzed by processing the reanalysis data set for the period of 1959–2011. It is shown that interannual variations in the components of the UQL heat budget are characterized by pronounced regional features in all seasons. In the tropics and subtropics, heat balance is quasistationary and is determined by the nonlocal processes, such as heat advection and horizontal mixing. In the subpolar latitudes, nonstationarity (in the spring) and heat fluxes at the UQL boundary (in the autumn and in the winter) are also important. A major role in the interannual variability of the UQL temperature in the vicinity of jet currents of the Gulf Stream type is played in all seasons by the fluctuations of horizontal heat advection. However, the contribution of interannual fluctuations of the individual components of the heat budget to variability of the UQL temperature varies considerably in different seasons. The interannual fluctuations of the local variation in the UQL temperature are characterized by the largest variability in the spring and the lowest one in the autumn. The greatest contribution of the variations in the horizontal heat advection to the change in the UQL temperature at the interannual scale is recorded in the winter, and the lowest one is in the summer. The contribution of the interannual variations in the heat fluxes at the UQL upper boundary to the variability of the UQL temperature is the highest in the summer and the lowest in the autumn. Fluctuations of the heat fluxes at the UQL lower boundary do not have a significant impact on the interannual variations in the UQL temperature for the whole water area. The exception is small areas in the region of the formation of the North Atlantic deep water in the autumn–winter period and in the vicinity of the Equatorial Counter Current in the spring–summer period. 相似文献
7.
A. A. Vinogradova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(3):281-293
The air exchange between the Arctic and midlatitude regions is one of the processes forming the climate of the whole Northern Hemisphere. Analysis of the wind regime in the vicinity of the Arctic border (70° N) at the boundary between the 20th and 21st (1997–2004) centuries showed significant changes in the conditions of a meridional air transport between the Arctic and midlatitude regions as compared to the previous years (1960–1990). In this study, the wind fluxes of mass and heat (internal) and kinetic energies are estimated without consideration for turbulent and convective processes. The importance of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in wind velocity and air temperature in the formation of these fluxes is analyzed. It is shown that, during the period 1997–2004, an advective transport of energy from the northern latitudes occurred in the lower 6-km tropospheric layer at 70° N latitude over almost a whole year. Only in spring (April) did the wind fluxes bring heat energy from the south. The total amount of both heat and kinetic energies transported from the Arctic region in this way during a year is comparable to the mean amount of these energies contained in the whole atmosphere over the area bounded by 70° N latitude. The current spatial and temporal distributions of wind velocity and meridional mass and energy fluxes, which are presented in this study, may serve as additional information for interpreting data obtained from different on-site measurements in Arctic regions. 相似文献
8.
Effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processes modify those fluxes under TC conditions have not been sufficiently investigated based on in-situ observations.Using continuous meteorological and surface wave data from a moored buoy in the northern South China Sea,this study examines the effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit. The mooring was within about 40 km of the center of Hagupit. Surface waves could increase momentum flux to the ocean by about 15%, and sea spray enhanced both sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere,causing Hagupit to absorb 500 W/m~2 more heat flux from the ocean. These results have powerful implications for understanding TC–ocean interaction and improving TC intensity forecasting. 相似文献
9.
太平洋海域海气热通量地理分布和时间变化的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
应用美国宇航局Goddard地球观测系统四维资料同化系统计算和分析了太平洋海域感热通量和潜热通量随时间的变化规律和地理分布特征.研究结果表明,太平洋西北部海域热通量有明显的季节性变化,其余海域这种现象不明显.在太平洋海域总是存在潜热通量最高值区域,而感热通量除冬季20°N以北海域数值稍高外,其余海域数值都很小,没有出现最高值区域.纬度不同热通量随经度的变化规律不同,经度不同,热通量随纬度的分布规律也不同,同时各断面热通量随纬度的分布趋势随季节而改变. 相似文献
10.
Frank Rske 《Ocean Modelling》2006,11(3-4):235-297
A global dataset based on the ECMWF Re-Analyses (ERA) is presented that can be used as surface boundary conditions for ocean models with sea-ice components. The definition of these conditions is based on bulk formulae. To study the mean ocean circulation, a mean annual cycle on a daily basis was constructed from ERA for all relevant parameters including wind stress. Continental runoff is considered by using information about the catchment areas of the rivers and about the main drainage basins. The bulk formulae were extended by using sea ice concentration.To estimate meridional heat transports (MHT) and to avoid any drift in ocean model simulations, the heat and fresh water budgets have been closed by applying an inverse procedure to fine-tune the fluxes towards observed transports. To improve the MHTs on the Southern Hemisphere the winds and the short wave radiation at southern higher latitudes should be corrected. Furthermore, tests were performed concerning short wave radiation which was increased in the tropics and decreased in the subsidence zones.The heat and fresh water fluxes are assessed by using a scheme of Macdonald and Wunsch based on hydrographic sections. The net heat fluxes of ERA and of the forcing dataset are consistent with the heat flux divergences and convergences estimated by this scheme except for parts of the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean where none of these datasets is consistent with these estimates. In the subtropical South Indian Ocean the forcing dataset is consistent with these estimates while ERA are not. The flux components of ERA and the forcing dataset were compared to several observational datasets (SRB, SOC, HOAPS, GPCP, and CMAP). For each component, at least one of these datasets (especially HOAPS) supports the effects of the inverse procedure and the bulk formulae almost globally with some regional exceptions: short wave radiation in the tropical oceans and the subtropical North Atlantic, latent heat flux at higher latitudes, and precipitation in the northern North Atlantic.Comparisons to the NCAR/NCEP Re-Analyses (NRA) (versions 1 and 2) and the ECHAM model in place of ERA lead to similar results. In the North Atlantic the net heat fluxes of the model based datasets approach the hydrographic estimate with increasing resolution. Applied to any ocean/sea-ice model and compared to ERA, the forcing dataset would induce only a relative small net sea-surface buoyancy loss.A comparison of the forcing dataset to measurements made using one buoy deployed in the western Pacific warm pool and five buoys deployed in the subduction region of the Northeast Atlantic shows that at the site of the first buoy the net heat fluxes of the forcing dataset are in poorer agreement than those of ERA. At the sites of two subduction buoys both datasets show the same level of agreement within the error bars specified. At the sites of the three remaining subduction buoys the forcing dataset shows a marginal improvement on ERA. 相似文献
11.
吕宋海峡西部深海盆内孤立波潜标观测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using a net surface heat flux （Qnet） product obtained from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes （OAFlux） project and the international satellite cloud climatology project （ISCCP）, and temperature from the simple ocean data assimilation （SODA）, the seasonal variations of the air-sea heat fluxes in the northwestern Pa cific marginal seas （NPMS） and their roles in sea surface temperature （SST） seasonality are studied. The seasonal variations of Qnet, which is generally determined by the seasonal cycle of latent heat flux （LH）, are in response to the advection-induced changes of SST over the Kuroshio and its extension. Two dynamic regimes are identified in the NPMS： one is the area along the Kuroshio and its extension, and the other is the area outside the Kuroshio. The oceanic thermal advection dominates the variations of SST and hence the sea-air humidity plays a primary role and explains the maximum heat losing along the Kuroshio. The heat transported by the Kuroshio leads to a longer period of heat losing over the Kuroshio and its Extension. Positive anomaly of heat content corresponds with the maximum heat loss along the Kuroshio. The oceanic advection controls the variations of heat content and hence the surface heat flux. This study will help us understand the mechanism controlling variations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the NPMS. In the Kuroshio region, the ocean current controls the ocean temperature along the main stream of the Ku roshio, and at the same time, forces the air-sea fluxes. 相似文献
12.
South Atlantic transports, as simulated by a global ocean-sea ice model forced with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments version 2 (CORE-II) interannually varying air-sea reanalysis data sets, are analyzed for the period 1958–2007. The ocean-sea ice model is configured at three different resolutions: from eddy-permitting to coarsened grid spacing. A particular focus is given to the effect of eddy fluxes and inter-ocean exchanges on the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC), as well as on the main factors contributing to the interannual variability during the integration period. Differences between refined and coarsened grid spacing models are more evident in coastal areas and in regions of high eddy activities. Major discrepancies are associated to both the parameterization of eddy fluxes and the coarse representation of the bathymetry. The refined grid spacing model produces higher values of both SAMOC index, defined as the maximum of the zonally-integrated northward cumulative volume transport (CVT) from surface to bottom across ∼34° S, and meridional heat transport (MHT). All models show high correlations between SAMOC index and MHT, as well as a strengthening of the transports in the 1980–2007 period. The strengthening of the SAMOC index is mainly dominated by surface and mode waters in all models. In surface and intermediate layers, the regions contributing to this trend are located east of 40° W. These changes are compensated by the strengthening of the poleward transport in deeper layers, mostly in the western part of the basin. The MHT trend is connected with the combined effect of a heat transport increase through the Drake Passage and a reduction of the heat loss through the eastern section between Africa and Antarctica, mainly associated with a strengthening in heat entering into the basin through the Agulhas system. 相似文献
13.
Belyaev K. P. Korolev V. Yu. Gorshenin A. K. Antipov A. I. Imeev M. A. Kirushkin N. I. Lobovskii M. A. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(6):619-631
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - In this paper, statistical regularities of the intra-annual variability of heat fluxes in the North Atlantic during the ocean–atmosphere... 相似文献
14.
利用卫星遥感资料反演出的海洋大气参数,应用目前世界较为先进的通量算法(CORAER 3.0),计算了西太平洋区域海-气热通量(感热通量和潜热通量)。首先分析了海-气热通量的多年平均场和气候场变化的基本特征,以及年际和年代际变化特征;进而对其与南海夏季风爆发之间的关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,西太平洋海-气热通量具有明显的时空分布特征,感热通量的最大值出现在黑潮区域,潜热通量的最大值出现在北赤道流区和黑潮区域。在气候平均场中,黑潮区域的感热通量和潜热通量最大值均出现在冬季,最小值出现在夏季;暖池区域感热通量除了春季较小外,冬、夏和秋季基本相同,而潜热通量最大值出现在秋、冬季,最小值出现在春、夏季。另外,海-气热通量还具有显著的年际变化和年代际变化,感热通量和潜热通量均存在16 a周期,与南海夏季风爆发存在相同的周期。由相关分析可知,4月份暖池区域的海-气热通量与滞后3 a的南海夏季风爆发之间存在密切相关关系,这种时滞相关性,可以用于进行南海夏季风爆发的预测,为我国汛期降水预报提供科学依据。基于以上结论,建立多元回归方程对2012年的南海夏季风爆发进行了预测,预测2012年南海夏季风爆发将偏晚1～2候左右。 相似文献
15.
I~IOXThe bulk tranSfer method, direct measurement or gradient measurement method are usuallyused for the flux observation and calculation. These methods provide the flux values only in thelOCation where the measurements are carried out. In recent years scientists began to use medelcombined with remote sensing data for the calculation of heat flux. Its main poverty is tO obtainthe flux distribution over the wide ocean area simultaneously. Li Shiming et al. (1997) analyzedthe sensible and la… 相似文献
16.
Monthly variations of sensible heat, latent heat and momentum fluxes and the modification of sea temperature to air temperature were examined at four coastal stations—Sokcho, Kangnung, Ulsan and Chungmu in the path of the East Korea Warm Current from the year of 1981 to 1990, which was one of main migration routes of Japanese common squid. The difference between monthly averaged sea surface and air temperatures at the 10 m height above the sea surface mainly became negative values from April through August, while they had positive ones from September through March. Monthly variability of the temperature differences is significant in both summer and winter, while it is generally small in spring and fall. Negative values of sensible heat fluxes, which indicated a heat gain by the sea through heat conduction across the air-sea interface were found at the four coastal stations from April to August. Minimum values of sensible heat fluxes at Sokcho, Kangnung and Chungmu were in June, except for Ulsan in August. To the contrary, positive sensible heat flux implying a heat loss from sea toward atmosphere occurred from October to February with a maximum in December. Latent heat fluxes due to condensation of moist air over sea surface had small magnitudes from April to August and those due to evaporation of water particles from the sea surface into the lower atmosphere had relatively large magnitudes from October to March. Minimum values of latent heat fluxes also occurred in June except for August in Ulsan. Momentum flux was small from June to August under weak wind in summer, but it was large from December to February under strong wind in winter. Regression equations between sea surface temperature and air temperature at the 10 m height above the sea surface had very high correlation coefficients from 0.92-0.98, except for 0.78-0.84 of Ulsan, which was partially affected by upwelling of cool water from the bottom into the sea surface. Similar to the sea surface, correlation coefficients were over 0.83-0.97 except for 0.70-0.79 for Ulsan at the 10 m depth of sea and were over 0.70-0.95 except for 0.59-0.82 for Ulsan at the 20 m depth. 相似文献
17.
Based on the twice-daily marine atmospheric variables which were derived mostly from the weather maps for 18 years period
from 1978 to 1995, the surface heat flux over the East Asian marginal seas was calculated at 0.5°×0.5° grid points twice a
day. The annual mean distribution of the net heat flux shows that the maximum heat loss occurs in the central part of the
Yellow Sea, along the Kuroshio axis and along the west coast of the northern Japanese islands. The area off Vladivostok turned
out to be a heat-losing region, however, on the average, the amount of heat loss is minimum over the study area and the estuary
of the Yangtze River also appears as a region of the minimum heat loss. The seasonal variations of heat flux show that the
period of heat gain is longest in the Yellow Sea, and the maximum heat gain occurs in June. The maximum heat loss occurs in
January over the study area, except the Yellow Sea where the heat loss is maximum in December. The annual mean value of the
net heat flux in the East/Japan Sea is −108 W/m2 which is about twice the value of Hirose et al. (1996) or about 30% higher than Kato and Asai (1983). For the Yellow Sea, it is about −89 W/m2 and it becomes −75 W/m2 in the East China Sea. This increase in values of the net heat flux comes mostly from the turbulent fluxes which are strongly
dependent on the wind speed, which fluctuates largely during the winter season.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
The mean seasonal variability of turbulent heat fluxes in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is examined using the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI) flux product.The most turbulent heat fluxes occur during winter seasons in the two hemispheres,whose centers are located at 10°~20°N and 5°～15°S respectively.In climatological ITCZ,the turbulent heat fluxes are the greatest from June to August,and in equatorial cold tongue the turbulent heat fluxes are the greatest from March to May.Seasonal variability of sensible heat flux is smaller than that of latent heat flux and mainly is dominated by the variations of air-sea temperature difference.In the region with larger climatological mean wind speed(air-sea humidity difference),the variations of air-sea humidity difference(wind speed) dominate the variability of latent heat flux.The characteristics of turbulent heat flux yielded from theory analysis and WHOI dataset is consistent in physics which turns out that WHOI's flux data are pretty reliable in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
19.
Analysis of wintertime CLIMODE data for 2007 indicates that a substantial portion of new Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) is likely ventilated within the eastward flowing Gulf Stream (GS) between 67°W and 52°W longitudes, possibly exceeding that formed elsewhere in the northern Sargasso Sea. Use of some global air–sea interaction data sets applied to the study region for Feb/Mar of 2007 indicate that this winter may have been anomalously energetic in air–sea exchange compared to the mean of the prior 19 yr. The largest heat and freshwater fluxes found directly over the meandering warm core of the Gulf Stream are capable of removing most of the subtropical heat anomaly of the GS, but cross-frontal fluxes of salinity are required to account for the observed regional salinity structure. An isopycnal diffusivity of ∼100 m2 s−1 is inferred from the salinity balance. This mixing would also account for the observation that EDW formed in the GS is slightly fresher than that formed in northern Sargasso Sea. The lateral flux of heat across the GS north wall also acts to cool the resulting EDW water, but the heat balance for EDW production is largely determined from GS advection and air–sea fluxes, in contrast to salinity. Based on oxygen saturation data, we estimate that 1.8–3.0 Sv-yr of new EDW is formed in the GS for the winter of 2007. EDW originating from the GS is generated in a separate location from where it is accumulated in the northern Sargasso Sea. This manner of EDW formation will produce unique characteristics of EDW found in the northern Sargasso Sea: ones that differ in T/S properties from that formed south of the GS under the more traditional 1D, cooling-driven convection process. 相似文献