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1.
本工作进行了一系列实验,研究pH对养殖海水硝化作用的影响.结果表明,水体硝化作用受到pH的影响,硝化作用适宜的水体pH范围为弱碱性.在水体初始pH值为8.10时,硝化的速率为2.416μmol/(d·dm3),水体的硝化率达到最大.硝化作用基本符合一级反应的动力学模式. 相似文献
2.
《应用海洋学学报》2014,(2)
反硝化与厌氧氨氧化作用是海洋结合态氮迁出的主要途径,15N示踪法是定量反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用的新方法,它具有灵敏度高、可同步测量反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率的优点.本研究开展了一系列方法学实验,以确定高纯氦气驱赶水样所含气体的时间、超声赶气时间、同位素比值质谱仪测量N2含量的精度、N2含量及其同位素组成测定的工作曲线以及示踪剂的最佳添加量等,从而确立起15N示踪同步测定海水反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的方法.所建立方法测量N2含量的相对标准偏差小于8%,可满足海洋反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率测定的需要.应用该方法实测了厦门筼筜湖富氧与缺氧水体的反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率,结果表明,缺氧底层水的反硝化速率[4.10~5.47μmol/(dm3·d)]比富氧表层水[0.43~0.46μmol/(dm3·d)]明显来得高,但缺氧底层水的厌氧氨氧化速率[0.00~0.12μmol/(dm3·d)]则比富氧表层水的速率[0.52~0.67μmol/(dm3·d)]低得多. 相似文献
3.
反硝化与厌氧氨氧化作用是海洋结合态氮迁出的主要途径,15N示踪法是定量反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用的新方法,它具有灵敏度高、可同步测量反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率的优点.本研究开展了一系列方法学实验,以确定高纯氦气驱赶水样所含气体的时间、超声赶气时间、同位素比值质谱仪测量N2含量的精度、N2含量及其同位素组成测定的工作曲线以及示踪剂的最佳添加量等,从而确立起15N示踪同步测定海水反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的方法.所建立方法测量N2含量的相对标准偏差小于8%,可满足海洋反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率测定的需要.应用该方法实测了厦门筼筜湖富氧与缺氧水体的反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率,结果表明,缺氧底层水的反硝化速率[4.10～5.47μmol/（dm3·d）]比富氧表层水[0.43～0.46μmol/（dm3·d）]明显来得高,但缺氧底层水的厌氧氨氧化速率[0.00～0.12μmol/（dm3·d）]则比富氧表层水的速率[0.52～0.67μmol/（dm3·d）]低得多. 相似文献
4.
秋季黄河口附近海域沉积物反硝化速率及影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用乙炔抑制法和现场静态箱法对黄河口附近海域秋季的反硝化速率进行了研究,该海域反硝化速率在3.8~19.3μmol/(m2.h)之间,平均10.27μmol/(m2.h)。影响其反硝化速率的主要因素为反硝化细菌的数量。黄河口的反硝化速率低于珠江口和长江口海域。 相似文献
5.
黄海北部夏季无机氮赋存形态及其与反硝化速率的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用乙炔抑制法对北黄海海域沉积物-水界面反硝化速率进行了研究,并用分相浸取法对相应站位沉积物中氮的赋存形态进行了分析.结果表明,该海域界面反硝化速率在3.2.～7.5 μmol/m2·h之间,可提取无机氮的平均含量范围在0.7 2～80.36 μg/g之间.对两者之间的关系研究表明,该海域反硝化速率与沉积物中离子交换态(IEF)硝酸盐氮和可提取无机总氮之间存在较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.947和0.88 6(P＜0.01);与碳酸盐结合态(CF)和铁锰氧化物态(IMOF)的硝酸盐氮及氨氮之间相关性不明显. 相似文献
6.
硝化作用是海洋氮循环的核心过程。作为硝化过程关键步骤的氨氧化过程的主要参与者，氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌对硝化作用的相对贡献是海洋氮循环关注的热点问题之一。本文选取渤海和南黄海20个站位的表层沉积物，通过微宇宙培养实验研究了沉积物中氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌对硝化潜势的相对贡献。结果表明，渤海和南黄海海域表层沉积物中潜在硝化速率(以氮计，下同)为0.004 6～0.283 1μmol/(g·d)，其中氨氧化古菌潜在硝化速率为0.004 3～0.274 3μmol/(g·d)，氨氧化细菌潜在硝化速率为0.000 4～0.056 0μmol/(g·d)。氨氧化古菌是硝化潜势的主要贡献者，在渤海海域的贡献率为59.79%～97.95%，在南黄海海域的贡献率为18.47%～94.26%。渤海海域潜在硝化速率显著高于南黄海海域。此外，本研究海域中盐度是影响潜在硝化速率的关键环境因子，对渤海海域的分析则表明越高的NO3-浓度可能指示着越高的硝化潜势。在河口及近海沉积物中，氨氧化古菌在硝化过程中起着更加重要的作用；河口和近岸沉积物硝化潜势总体高于远海。本研究为进一... 相似文献
7.
采用N2通量法,在一套连续流动培养装置中测定珠江口淇澳岛海岸带的反硝化速率,探讨各种因素对淇澳岛海岸带反硝化速率的影响.结果表明,反硝化速率受NO3-的利用率影响,而不是NO3-的绝对浓度.大型红树植物对淇澳岛海岸带的反硝化速率影响最大,其次是硝酸盐利用率,而有机质含量的影响较小.由于大型红树植物的影响,样品Q0411-5的反硝化速率比同在岛内的Q0411-3高出1倍.样品Q0412-14的NO3-培养前后的浓度变化(△NO3-)是Q0412-9的4倍多,因为受硝酸盐利用率的影响,它的反硝化速率却是Q0412-9的2倍多.温度对反硝化速率的影响程度尚不能确定. 相似文献
8.
大亚湾养殖水域沉积物-海水界面营养盐扩散通量 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
1998年5月10日和11日分别在大亚湾的大鹏澳和澳头养殖水域现场调查,分析了底层海水、上覆水、沉积物间隙水中营养盐的含量和磷的化学形态。结果表明：大亚湾养殖水域NH,HPO和H4SiO4含量从大至小为：间隙水,上覆水,底层海水;NO和NO含量变化不大。估算了沉积物一海水界面营养盐扩散通量,NH,NO,NO,HPO,H4SiO4平均通量分别为302．0,－0．06,－1．82,2．53,47．96μmol·（m2·d）－1。水体和沉积物中磷的主要化学形态分别为DOP（占TP的54％）和无机态（占总态的60％）。大亚湾养殖水域浮游生物生长由磷控制。沉积物间隙水中NO,NO,HPO,H4SiO4的浓度垂直分布变化不大,而NH的浓度垂直分布呈指数下降特征。 相似文献
9.
用乙炔抑制法和最大或然数(most probable number, MPN)法对黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化速率及反硝化细菌数量的季节变化进行了研究, 结果表明, 该海域反硝化速率在夏季最大, 范围在3.2～7.5μmol/(m2·h)之间, 平均值为4.85μmol/(m2·h); 而在春、秋季其范围分别为0.26～2.65μmol/(m2·h)和1.21～4.12μmol/(m2·h)。该研究海域3 个季节反硝化细菌数量差别较大, 春、夏、秋季分别在1.78×104～8.12×104, 1.18×106～6.18×106 和0.72×105～4.50×105 个/g 之间。春、秋两季反硝化速率和反硝化细菌数量之间呈显著性正相关, 相关系数分别为0.759 和0.750(P<0.05)。本结果可为黄海北部海域氮循环机制研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
10.
湛江湾沉积物中酸可挥发性硫和重金属含量分布及重金属生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了湛江湾海域20个站位表层沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫（AVS）、同步浸提重金属（SEM）、TOC含量和Eh值,对AVS、SEM含量的平面分布及AVS与SEM、TOC含量、Eh值的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明：该海域表层沉积物中AVS含量范围为0.004～0.547μmol/g,平均值为0.155μmol/g,SEM含量范围为2.10～4.27μmol/g,平均值为3.32μmol/g,相对其他海域湛江湾海域沉积物表现出AVS含量较低,SEM含量较高的特征.AVS与SEM含量平面分布较一致,湾顶的含量都较高,含量均值分别为0.361和3.52μmol/g,特呈岛以南到湾口呈逐渐减小的明显趋势.调查海域沉积物AVS与TOC含量呈显著正相关,与Eh值呈显著负相关,说明高有机质含量、低氧化还原电位沉积环境有利于AVS的生成.20个站位CSEM5-CAVS的差值均为0〈（CSEM5-CAVS）〈5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
15.
16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
19.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献