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1.
饵料维生素C对青石斑鱼的非特异性免疫调节作用 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
调查了饵料维生素Ｃ对青石斑鱼Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓ ａｗｏａｒａ非特异性的体液和细胞免疫作用。在冰冻饵料鱼中添剂加不同剂量的维生素Ｃ（每公斤饵料鱼含量分别为０,５００,１０００,１５００和２０００ｍｇ）,连续投喂青石鱼２０周后,青石斑鱼血液白细胞总数及不同种类白细胞（包括淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞）组成比例不受饵料维生素Ｃ的影响。青石斑鱼血清补体经典型溶解羊红细胞的能力随乌料维生素Ｃ添加量的提 相似文献
2.
在饵料中添加0、500、3 000mg/kg的当归多糖(ASP)喂食点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)(初始体重(158.64±2.14)g),分别在喂食4和8周后取样,研究ASP对点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。结果表明,ASP能显著提高血液白细胞吞噬率和血清LZM活力(P<0.05),对血清一氧化氮(NO)、体表黏液溶菌酶(LZM)活力和抗菌活力无显著影响。ASP能促进头肾白细胞增殖、呼吸爆发活力和吞噬活力,降低用迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tar-da)攻毒后试验鱼的累积死亡率,3 000mg/kg组累积死亡率低于500mg/kg组,连续喂食ASP 8周的保护效果优于4周。研究表明,用含ASP 3 000mg/kg的饵料连续喂食点带石斑鱼8周能有效提高其非特异性免疫力和抗病力。 相似文献
3.
维生素C对点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长及组织中维生素C积累量的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用单因素实验设计方法 ,进行了饲料中添加维生素C对点带石斑鱼生长和组织中维生素C积累量影响的研究 ,设计了 6个不同维生素C水平 ( 0、35、70、1 40、2 80、70 0mg/kg)的等氮等能饲料 ,对石斑鱼幼鱼进行为期 8周的生长实验 ,每个水平三个重复 ,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为 1 0g左右的点带石斑鱼幼鱼 2 0尾。饲养实验在海水网箱 ( 1 .5m× 1m× 2 .0m)中进行。结果表明 ,饲料中未添加维生素C组的增重率、特定生长率以及存活率显著低于维生素C添加组 ,饲料中添加维生素C的浓度为 70mg/kg组的增重率和特定生长率最高。对鱼体生物学指标的分析表明 ,饲料中添加维生素C并不影响鱼体的肥满度和内脏比指数 ,却显著影响肝体比指数。鱼体水分、蛋白质和灰分含量不受饲料中维生素C添加水平的影响 ,然而对鱼体脂肪含量的影响显著。随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高 ,石斑鱼肌肉和肝脏中维生素C的积累量显著升高。以增重率和特定生长率为指标 ,点带石斑鱼维生素C的适宜需要量为70mg/kg。 相似文献
4.
免疫增强剂对鲫鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用主要成分为从：每洋甲壳类中提取的甲壳胺作为免疫增强剂，在饵料中添加不同的浓度(0．5％，1％，2％)，在0，10，20，30d时检测鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的白细胞数量、白细胞吞噬功能的变化以及血清中酚氧化酶活力等免疫指标的变化。研究结果表明，该免疫增强剂可以提高鲫鱼血液中白细胞数量和吞噬细胞的吞噬能力，增强鲫鱼血清中酚氧化酶的活力．对鲫鱼的生长无明显影响。鲫鱼的非特异性免疫功能随着免疫增强剂浓度的增加和投喂时间的延长而呈现增强的趋势。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(12)
浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)富含多种营养物质和活性物质,对机体具有抗病助长和影响营养代谢等作用。本研究采用超微粉碎技术加工浒苔,研究其不同添加浓度(0、1%、2%、3%、4%和5%)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)生长性能、非特异性免疫及肠道消化酶活性的影响。研究显示:(1)与对照组相比,在基础饲料中添加4%的浒苔,显著降低了石斑鱼饵料系数(FCR),提高了增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)(P0.05)。浒苔的添加对石斑鱼成活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)的影响不显著,对肝体指数(HSI)的影响仅在2%添加量时显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)添加4%的浒苔,显著提高了石斑鱼血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性(P0.05);血清中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和ACP活性在5%添加量时达到各组中最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清中总蛋白(TP)含量在2%和5%添加量时较对照组有显著性提高(P0.05);酚氧化酶(PO)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性受浒苔添加的影响不显著。(3)4%浒苔显著提高了肠脂肪酶、肠胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05),肠总蛋白(TP)含量仅在1%添加量时显著高于对照组(P0.05),浒苔的添加对肠道中淀粉酶活性影响不显著。研究结果表明:超微粉碎浒苔能够显著提高珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及非特异性免疫力,且最佳添加量为4%。 相似文献
6.
为筛选适合添加于草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)饲料的植物源免疫增强剂,本试验以白芍(Radix paeoniae Alba)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)和知母(Rhizoma anemarrhenae)三种允饲植物配制的复方制剂A、B和C为研究对象,开展其对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的比较研究。试验将二龄草鱼随机分成6个试验组和1个对照组,试验组和对照组按鱼体重量的3%每天分别投喂添加复方制剂的饲料和空白饲料。试验第7、14、21、28天分别采集试验草鱼血液,用于检测血液细胞组分、血清溶菌酶、血清SOD;试验第29天,对各组试验草鱼进行腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌活菌,记录攻毒后14天内各组草鱼的存活率。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验第14天时,以2%和4%剂量添加的复方制剂A分别显著提高草鱼白细胞吞噬活性128%和143%,分别提高草鱼血清溶菌酶活性69%和85%,分别提高草鱼血清SOD活性61%和55%;连用28天对草鱼的保护率分别达到49%和55%,复方制剂A对草鱼非特异性免疫增强效果优于复方制剂B和C。 相似文献
7.
《热带海洋学报》2017,(5)
为查明杂交石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂血细胞形态分类及血细胞发生特点,文章通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究了体重263.18±12.31g的杂交石斑鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,以及头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,并将结果与其母本进行比较。结果表明,杂交石斑鱼外周血液白细胞由淋巴细胞[(55.46±12.38)%]、血栓细胞[(21.11±5.38)%]、嗜中性粒细胞[(19.44±12.02)%]、单核细胞[(1.66±2.13)%]和嗜酸性粒细胞[(2.33±1.91)%]组成;4种组织印迹片中,头肾中未成熟的细胞总数比例最高[(16.12±0.30)%]],体肾次之[(7.90±0.35)%],脾脏[(2.56±0.21)%]和肝脏[(0.97±0.18)%]未成熟细胞比例较低;由此推断杂交石斑鱼主要造血组织是头肾,其次是体肾。在杂交石斑鱼4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在头肾、体肾和脾脏印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞和巨噬细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到巨大原单核细胞。杂交石斑鱼与其母本相比,外周血液白细胞中淋巴细胞比例接近(+2.16%),血栓细胞较少(-14.58%),嗜中性粒细胞(+9.10%)、嗜酸性粒细胞(+2.18%)和单核细胞(+1.38%)较多;主要造血组织都是头肾,但淋巴细胞的主要发生组织不同(分别是体肾和头肾),次要造血组织也不同(分别是体肾和脾脏);此外杂交石斑鱼各组织中未成熟细胞比例明显高于母本,显示出活跃的造血活动。本研究结果能为杂交石斑鱼的血液生理学、病理学研究及石斑鱼杂交选育提供基础资料。 相似文献
8.
中草药含有多种活性物质，具有抗病助长无残留等特性，在国内外被广泛使用。本试验采用单因素试验设计方法，研究复方中草药（由黄芪、党参、大黄等12种中草药组合而成）不同剂量对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀）生长性能、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响。以初始体质量（19.16±0.25） g，体长为（10.63±0.56） cm的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为试验对象，在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2%复方中草药连续饲喂珍珠龙胆28 d。结果显示，该种复方中草药在添加剂量1.6%以内时，能有效降低石斑鱼的饵料系数（P<0.05），对石斑鱼的增重率和特定生长率影响不显著（P>0.05），但能显著提高石斑鱼血清中总蛋白含量（TP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）以及总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性（P<0.05）。对血清中非特异性免疫酶活性影响结果表明，中草药添加剂量在0.8%和1.2%时能很好地提高石斑鱼的免疫能力。石斑鱼肠道中的脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性受该种复方中草药的影响显著（P<0.05），在添加量为1.2%以内显著提高了肠道中脂肪酶活性，胰蛋白酶活性和肠道总蛋白含量，而对淀粉酶活性影响不明显（P>0.05），中草药对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼肠道消化酶活性的影响在添加剂量为1.2%时尤为明显。综合石斑鱼的生长、非特异性免疫和消化性能结果，认为该种复方中草药的最适添加量为1.2%左右。 相似文献
9.
牛蒡寡糖对大菱鲆生长和免疫机能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将自主研发的牛蒡寡糖作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆的基础饲料中,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maxi-mus)的生长和免疫机能的影响。经过60 d不同剂量(1.0%,2.0%,4.0%,6.0%)的饲喂试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和血清中ACP,AKP,LSZ,SOD和PO等多种免疫相关酶的活力以及血液中白细胞的吞噬活性。结果表明,牛蒡寡糖作为一种非特异性免疫调节剂对大菱鲆表现出优良的促生长作用,还能显著提高大菱鲆的免疫相关酶活力和白细胞的吞噬活性,从而提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫力,其适宜添加量为4.0%。牛蒡寡糖可以开发成为水产动物的促生长剂和免疫增强剂。 相似文献
10.
采用单因子实验设计方法, 进行了饲料中添加维生素C对美国红鱼生长(平均增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料效率)和免疫反应[血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性]影响的研究。结果表明: 随着饲料中维生素C添加水平由0提高到100mg/kg时, 美国红鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高。以特定生长率为指标, 美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素C添加量为104.5mg/kg左右; 饲料中维生素C水平在0—98.9mg/kg时, 美国红鱼肌肉和肝脏中维生素C的积累量随饲料中维生素C的增加而显著增加(P<0.05); 美国红鱼获得最大肝脏和肌肉中维生素C的积累量时饲料中维生素C最低添加量为128.1和104.0mg/kg; 美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性在维生素C添加水平分别为98.9和198.7mg/kg时达到最高值, 随后变化不明显; 美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素C添加水平的增加而显著升高, 并且活性在198.7mg/kg达到最高值, 随后显著下降。综上所述, 美国红鱼维生素C生长和免疫的维生素C适宜添加水平为200mg/kg左右。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献