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高温下3种壳色虾夷扇贝存活率、代谢率、免疫酶活力及HSP70表达的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3种壳色虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)(枫叶贝、红贝、白贝)为实验材料,将在15℃暂养的3种壳色虾夷扇贝分别驯化至20,22,24和26℃4个温度梯度(升温幅度为1℃/d),待各处理组达到对应温度梯度后暂养7 d,测定比较3种壳色虾夷扇贝的存活率、耗氧率和排氨率、抗氧化酶活力和热激蛋白HSP70表达等指标。结果表明:随着温度的升高,3种壳色的虾夷扇贝的存活率呈先上升后下降趋势,其中,白壳色虾夷扇贝的存活率在同一处理组中最高;3种壳色的虾夷扇贝耗氧和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,同一温度处理组下白壳色虾夷扇贝的代谢率始终高于红贝和枫叶贝;另外,总抗氧化能力(total-antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、超氧化物歧酶(activity of superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)4种免疫酶的活性随温度升高也呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且同一温度处理组下白壳色虾夷扇贝的免疫酶活力始终高于红贝和枫叶贝;3种壳色虾夷扇贝鳃HSP70的表达模式基本相同,随着温度的逐渐升高,HSP70持续表达,到26℃时表达量最高,且白壳色扇贝HSP70的相对表达量最高为5.07。综上,白壳色虾夷扇贝在高温应激下表现出较强的抵抗和耐受能力,因此,可将其作为后期耐高温型虾夷扇贝新品系的重要培育材料。 相似文献
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应用MSAP技术研究扇贝全基因组DNA甲基化水平 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DNA甲基化作为真核生物基因组重要的表观遗传学修饰,对生物体基因的表达有重要的调控作用。为获得扇贝基因组DNA甲基化修饰水平及模式等表观遗传学信息,以栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)以及本课题组培育的"海大金贝"为材料,建立了甲基化敏感扩增多态性方法(Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)的反应体系,利用该方法对其基因组DNA CCGG区域的甲基化水平进行分析。结果表明,本研究筛选得到的引物组合可用于贝类DNA甲基化的研究,在栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝、普通虾夷扇贝和"海大金贝"的甲基化比例分别为32.08%、25.99%、32.88%和34.97%。几种扇贝基因组CCGG序列中,胞嘧啶的全甲基化率要高于半甲基化率,推测扇贝基因组中主要的甲基化模式是CpG型。通过对"海大金贝"和普通虾夷扇贝闭壳肌甲基化谱进行比较,筛查得到46个差异位点,这些位点可能参与"海大金贝"闭壳肌积累类胡萝卜素的调控。 相似文献
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高温刺激导致虾夷扇贝死亡因素的探究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文探究了高温刺激导致一龄和二龄虾夷扇贝死亡的原因。在高温刺激以及恢复过程中,两种贝龄的扇贝存活率存在显著差异(P0.05),同时两者的谷丙转氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,GPT)活性、p53蛋白含量、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)以及HSP70(heat shock protein 70)含量在高温刺激以及恢复过程中的变化均存在显著差异。而且这些酶的活性(TAOC活性除外)以及蛋白质含量(p53以及HSP70)均受到贝龄、处理时间以及两者综合作用的显著影响。经过Cox模型分析可知,虾夷扇贝受到高温刺激后的存活受到贝龄、GPT活性、TAOC活性、p53含量以及HSP70含量的显著影响。此外,高温刺激会影响扇贝的心跳频率以及心输出量,从而影响心脏对机体的供氧供血能力,影响扇贝对高温的适应能力。 相似文献
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为了了解海洋双壳类的固碳能力,以紫脲酸铵-萘酚绿B、铬黑T为指示剂,采用络合滴定法对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)等6种海产双壳贝类贝壳中的碳酸钙含量、碳酸钙和碳酸镁总量进行了测定。6种贝类贝壳中的碳酸钙含量占干重比例介于93.99%~97.35%之间,其中虾夷扇贝的含量最多,紫贻贝的含量最少;碳酸镁含量介于0.61%~1.79%之间,其中紫贻贝的含量最多,虾夷扇贝的含量最少。目前的结果表明,六种贝类均具有较好的固碳能力,基于碳酸钙和碳酸镁总量估算,6种贝类单位湿重固碳力介于0.023 2~0.074之间。 相似文献
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虾夷扇贝选育群体与野生群体基因组DNA甲基化的MSAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基因组DNA甲基化作为表观遗传学研究的重要手段之一,在水产科学领域得到越来越广泛的应用。为从表观遗传学角度探讨虾夷扇贝选育群体-"玉贝"和普通虾夷扇贝群体的DNA甲基化差异,本文运用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)技术分析了两群体的DNA序列中CCGG位点的甲基化情况。结果表明,筛选得到11对引物组合能够在两个群体中得到稳定扩增、清晰且多态性丰富的片段;11对引物在"玉贝"和对照群体中分别共检测到1432和1442个位点,其中发生甲基化的位点分别为306和341个,总甲基化率分别为21.5%和23.65%,"玉贝"总甲基化率下降2.15%;全甲基化位点分别为152和236个,全甲基化率为10.68%和16.37%,"玉贝"全甲基化率下降5.69%;半甲基化位点分别为154和105个,半甲基化率为10.82%和7.28%,"玉贝"半甲基化率上升3.54%;"玉贝"群体的甲基化多态性条带所占比例高于对照群体,分别为31%和29.167%,尤其是B类型条带链,"玉贝"群体明显高于对照群体。这说明,通过对虾夷扇贝生长和耐热性状的累代选育导致了DNA甲基化水平和模式的改变,本研究为进行虾夷扇贝抗逆基因的筛查提供了参考数据,丰富了表观遗传学在扇贝中的研究资料。 相似文献
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几何形态学(morphometrics)是基于笛卡尔地标点的统计分析方法,主要运用广义普鲁克分析(GPA)、薄板样条分析(TPS)、主成分分析(PCA)、典型变量分析(CVA)等方法,定量的对形态变化进行识别,结果更为客观。本研究运用几何形态学方法对8种常见扇贝(栉孔扇贝Azumapecten farreri、虾夷盘扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians、平濑掌扇贝Volachlamys hirasei、北海道扇贝Swiftopecten swiftii、荣套扇贝Gloripallium pallium、华贵类栉孔扇贝Mimachlamys nobilis、美丽环扇贝Annachlamys striatula)间形态关系进行研究,运用界标点和半界标点对扇贝的壳盘和壳耳进行数字化标点,利用PCA、CVA、TPS方法,获得8种扇贝的形态差异并进一步分析,建立系统发育树。PCA和CVA分析结果表明可以通过几何形态测量学分析方法将8种扇贝基于形态差异进行有效区分。此外,结合TPS的分析结果,发现壳耳和壳盘在扇贝中具有种间规律性差异。通过其形态分异进行表型聚类,从结果可知:美丽环扇贝、虾夷盘扇贝和海湾扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘较椭圆,壳耳相对较小;荣套扇贝和华贵类栉孔扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘更扁平,前耳相对较大;北海道扇贝、平濑掌扇贝和栉孔扇贝与其他种类没有交集。在聚类过程中,华贵类栉孔扇贝和荣套扇贝有交集,10个标本混淆,其他标本均成功聚类,正确率为95.5%。 相似文献
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2008年6～7月在我国北方某海域,进行了底播养殖虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)不同组织中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn 4种重金属的含量调查.重金属的含量测定采用原子吸收法进行.结果表明:闭壳肌中有害重金属Pb、Cd的含量显著低于其他组织;虾夷扇贝内脏团质量虽仅占整贝质量的8%～15%,但内脏团中有害重金属Cd占整贝中Cd的76%～85%,Pb占整贝中Pb的45%～54%;同时,研究表明虾夷扇贝对有害重金属的蓄积与养殖区域无直接相关性. 相似文献
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虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis)于1982年从日本引进,在中国已经成为一个很重要的产业.本研究利用微卫星标记,对獐子岛海域2个养殖群体虾夷扇贝(大耗岛、褡裢岛),1个日本野生群体遗传多样性进行了评估,并对2个养殖群体的群体内繁育和群体间杂交后代进行了遗传和生长检测.结果表明:养殖群体与日本野生群体相比,其遗传多样性没有显著降低,养殖群体遗传多样性较高,养殖状况暂时良好.TL群体和DH群体遗传距离很近, DH、TL群体和RB群体的遗传距离远大于 TL群体和 DH群体间的遗传距离.说明2个养殖虾夷扇贝群体遗传分化较小.分别对4个子代群体的壳长、壳高在幼苗培育第1、5、10、15、20、100、190天进行测量,结果表明生长性状差异不显著.4个子代群体的遗传多样性差异也不显著,说明养殖群体的遗传背景不清楚,种质资源混交较严重.本研究结果反映了我国虾夷扇贝种质资源评估状况,并为虾夷扇贝的健康养殖提供基础数据. 相似文献
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为了解栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)及其杂交子代(F1)的种群遗传多样性和遗传结构,对3个群体的线粒体COI和Cytb基因的部分序列进行了扩增和分析。经比对分别获得781bp和725bp核苷酸片段,74个样本共检测到47个单倍型;F1群体的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数都是最高的,而双亲的较低;F1和栉孔扇贝间的遗传距离最小,其次为栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝群体之间,F1和虾夷扇贝群体之间的遗传距离最大;F1和栉孔扇贝之间的遗传分化系数较小而两者间的基因流比较大,F1和栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝之间的遗传分化系数较大而基因流较小,说明栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝群体群体很早就发生了遗传分化;采用UPGMA法和简化的中介网络法构建的系统树表明,3个群体的所有个体被分为2个族群,栉孔扇贝和F1交叉聚为一类,虾夷扇贝独自聚为一类,2个分支间没有交叉;使用特异性引物分别对3个群体进行PCR扩增检验,结果栉孔扇贝的特异引物能在杂交子代中扩增,而虾夷扇贝的特异引物不能在子代中扩增出条带,说明栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝杂交,其子代的线粒体遗传模式为严格的母系遗传。本研究结果表明杂种优势的形成与线粒体遗传多样性的变化有关。 相似文献
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虾夷扇贝毒素yessotoxins(YTXs),中国沿海贝类中首次发现的一组贝类生物毒素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法对我国近海贝类中腹泻性贝毒成分进行研究,结果发现采自北黄海大连附近海域的海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝含有25~41μg/kg的虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX),在虾夷扇贝体内还含有37.2μg/kg的45-OH-YTX,并在5种贝中发现微量的Homo-YTX毒素组分,这是首次报道在我国贝中检出此类毒素。虾夷扇贝毒素YTXs是一类含有2个磺酰基的脂溶性多环聚醚类化合物,对小鼠的腹腔注射急性致死毒性很高,毒理作用机制尚不清楚。本研究的结果说明我国贝类体内生物毒素成分复杂,亟需进行毒素成分结构、来源生物、生态毒理效应、分布规律及安全限定标准的研究。 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
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Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
18.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
19.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
20.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献