共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
比较了不同方法对厦门海区潮间带游动放线菌的分离效果和分析游动放线菌在不同材料中的种群数量分布。结果表明,在孢囊脱水－复水方法的基础上,采用重铬酸钾－放每菌酮－热处理－延长样品风干时间的联合方法,对样品污染细菌和霉菌有很好的抑制效果;海洋漂浮植物材料是游动放线菌的良好分离来源、数量超过１０＾２ＣＦＵ／ｇ干重;海洋潮间带植物材料的游动放线菌种属多样,但以链孢囊菌属为主,８０％的分离菌株具有抗菌活性。 相似文献
3.
探究了南大西洋深海沉积物中可培养放线菌的多样性,筛选药源活性次级代谢产物产生菌,为后续资源开发奠定基础.采用3种预处理方法及8种选择性培养基对南大西洋3个深海沉积物样品中的放线菌菌株进行选择性分离鉴定;利用兼并引物扩增法,选取代表菌株进行聚酮合酶（PKSⅠ、PKSⅡ）基因和非核糖体多肽合成酶（NRPS）基因的检测;以4株细菌为指示菌检测代表菌株的抑菌活性.共分离得到132株放线菌纯菌株,分布于放线菌亚纲的6个目、13个科、19个属中,其中有5个属为较新或较稀有种属,有2株为潜在新种.34株化合物合成基因检测菌中PKSⅠ基因、PKSⅡ基因呈阳性的比率均为17.64%,NRPS基因呈阳性的则为52.94%.抗枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和抗副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）的菌株分别有47.06%和7.82%.南大西洋深海沉积物中放线菌资源丰富,存在较多潜在新分类单元,筛选到的活性菌株可用于后续药源活性次级代谢产物的分离. 相似文献
4.
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(2)
探究东太平洋多金属结核区沉积物中可培养放线菌与未可培养放线菌的多样性。分别采用选择性培养和非培养方法基于16SrDNA序列系统发育分析方法,对沉积物中放线菌多样性进行研究。选取2种培养基,选用稀释涂布平板法对东太平洋多金属结核区2个站位沉积物样品2~8cm进行分离培养;利用放线菌特异性引物对2个站位沉积物泥样总DNA进行16SrDNA序列扩增并构建16SrDNA文库。结果显示,东太平洋多金属结核区2个站位可培养的放线菌有7个科:Nocardioidaceae,Nocardiaceae,Streptomycetaceae,Dietziaceae,Micrococcaceae,Propionibacteriaceae,Intrasporaangiaceae,优势菌属分别为Rhodococcus,Arthrobacter和Nocardioides。未可培养放线菌有11个科:Micrococcaceae,Nocardioidaceae,Nocardiaceae,Bogoriellaceae,Streptomycetaceae,Microbacteriaceae,Dietziaceae,Propionibacteriaceae,Pseudonocardiaceae,Actinomycetaceae,Intrasporaangiaceae。结果表明,东太平洋多金属结核区沉积物中蕴藏着较为丰富的未知海洋放线菌资源,为开发新的活性代谢产物提供来源。 相似文献
5.
本文系统地研究人工海水(ASW)中,3种不同类型表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB,阳离子表面活性剂;十二烷基苯磺酸钠,SDBS,阴离子表面活性剂;吐温20,Tween20,非离子表面活性剂)存在时辛基酚(OP)在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为.结果表明海洋沉积物中的有机质含量与海洋沉积物吸附OP的能力有着显著的正相关性.在表面活性剂浓度为0～10 mg· L-1时,3种表面活性剂对OP在海洋沉积物上的吸附都有促进作用,其促进作用由强到弱顺序依次为:CTAB＞T ween20＞ SDBS.在表面活性剂浓度从0增加到120 mg·L-1,相同浓度的OP(4mg·L -1)在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为变化中,CTAB使OP的吸附量增加较快,当CTAB浓度大于40 mg·L-1时溶液中未吸附的OP浓度低于检测限;SDBS使OP在海洋沉积物上的吸附量先快速增加、后趋于平稳;Tween20使OP在海洋沉积物上的吸附量先增加后减小,吸附量达到最大值时Tween20的浓度与其临界角束浓度浓度(CMC)相接近. 相似文献
6.
采用平板涂布法从南麂岛近海海洋沉积物样品中分得86株放线菌,用琼脂块法和杯碟法结合筛选出对副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)两种大黄鱼病原性弧菌具有不同拮抗作用的海洋放线菌5株,其中编号NJR0956的菌株对两种致病菌的抑菌圈直径均25mm,表现出较强的抑制作用;进而测定了5株活性菌株的抗菌谱。结果表明,它们对指示菌中的副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)四种病原弧菌均具有较好的拮抗作用;在对NJR0956的抑菌效果研究中发现,该菌株在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中不仅能够增殖,而且能够有效地抑制病原菌的生长。 相似文献
7.
为了寻找新型抗结核药物先导,从广东沿海阳江、惠州、珠海、深圳等原生态红树林保护区采集了45份土壤样品,采用改良高氏Ⅰ号培养基对样品进行放线菌分离,共分离得到放线菌177株。纯化后的菌株采用固体培养基发酵培养,甲醇∶二氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯混合溶剂(3∶2∶1,v/v/v)超声提取,并以耻垢分枝杆菌为指示菌,进行抗分枝杆菌活性筛选,发现44株红树林放线菌对天然耐药的耻垢分枝杆菌有不同程度的抑制作用,占总分离菌株的24.8%。结果表明,从红树植物老鼠簕根部土壤中分离得到放线菌的数量及抗分枝杆菌活性菌株数量都最多。 相似文献
8.
9.
海洋里面到底有多少古菌?古菌不仅在海水中从表层到深部都有大量存在,而且在海洋沉积物及深部也广泛存在,并且海水中的浮游古菌和沉积物中的底栖古菌有着本质的差别,在此只针对海水中的浮游古菌进行介绍和讨论。浮游古菌是海洋生物量最多的微型生物之一。目前,从太平洋和大西洋,从水体表层到深部以及海底沉积物中都检测到大量古菌的存在。 相似文献
10.
为研究七连屿海洋环境质量状况,于2017年8月在七连屿海域布设20个采样站位,共采集到22个表层海水样品及6个表层沉积物样品,通过原子吸收分光光度计及原子荧光分光光度计测定海水及沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)的含量,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法及相关性分析对水质重金属污染程度进行研究,并采用单因子评价法及Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法分别对沉积物质量及沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明,2017年七连屿海域表层海水重金属含量CZn>CPb>CAs>CCr>CCu>CCd>CHg,部分站位海水铅含量超一类海水水质标准,但是综合污染指数小于1,该调查海域表层海水属于清洁型;海水中Zn-As、Cr-Cd含量之间存在显著负相关关系,此两组元素存在明显异源性;该调查海域表层沉积物重金属含量均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,沉积物重金属对海洋生态系统仅存在轻微生态风险。 相似文献
11.
In exploring new sources for economically important products, marine environment draws particular attention because of its remarkable diversity and extreme conditions; it is known to produce metabolic products of great value. It represents untapped source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites with varying potential such as antibiotic, anti-tumor, antifouling and cytotoxic properties. Marine actinomycetes distributed throughout the marine environment from shallow to deep sea sediments have proved to be a finest source for this discovery. Secondary metabolites derived from marine actinomycetes have proved their worth in industries based on the research on their properties and wide range applications. Spotlight of the review is range of marine based actinomycetes products and significant research in this field. This shows the capability of marine actinomycetes as bioactive metabolite producers. Additionally, the present review addresses some effective and novel approaches of procuring marine microbial compounds utilizing the latest screening strategies of drug discovery from which traditional resources such as marine actinobacteria has decreased due to declining yields. The aim is in the context of promoting fruitful and profitable results in the near future. The recent surfacing of new technologies for bioprospection of marine actinomycetes are very promising, resulting in high quality value added products, and will be de? ning a new era for bioactive compounds with medical and biotechnological applications. 相似文献
12.
13.
Isolation and phylogenetic assignation of actinomycetes in the marine sediments from the Arctic Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Actinomycetes in five marine sediments collected from the Arctic Ocean at depths of 43 to 3 050 m were cultivated using a variety of media. A total of 61 actinomycete colonies with substrate mycelia only were observed, and no colonies with aerial mycelia were observed under aerobic conditions at 15 ℃. From these colonies, 28 were selected to represent different morphological types.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to check the purity of isolates and select representatives for subsequent sequencing. Phylogentic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the actinomycetes isolated were accommodated within genus Rhodococcus of family Nocardiaceae, genus Dietzia of family Dietziaceae,genera Janibacter and Terrabacter of family Instrasporangiaceae and genera Kocuria and Arthrobacter of family Micrococcaceae. One of the strains (P27-24) from the deep-sea sediment at depth of 3 050 m was found to be identical in 16S rDNA sequence(1474/1474)with the radiation-resistant Kocuria rosea ATCC 187T isolated from air. More than halfofthe isolates showed the similarities ranging from 99.5% to 99.9% in 16S rDNA sequence to dibenzofran-degrading, butyl 2-ethylhexanoate-hydrolysising and nitrile-metabolizing actinomycetes. All the strains isolated were psychrotolerant bacteria and grew better on the media prepared with natural seawater than on the media prepared with deionized water. Three of them (Dietzia sp. P27-10, Rhodococcus sp. S11-3 and Rhodococcus sp.P11-5)had an obligate growth requirement for salt, confirming that these strains are indigenous marine actinomycetes. 相似文献
14.
Tsunami, the natural disaster, which occurred on December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean, caused severe damage to mankind in the coastal areas. Total loss of life and economic loss because of this disaster have been estimated by various agencies but its effect on microbial density has not been probed. With our previous results on microbial populations in four locations of the Chennai coast of the Bay of Bengal, India in the pre‐tsunami period, the change in microbial populations was studied after the tsunami at regular intervals in the same locations. Coastal sediment and seawater samples were collected from four different locations after 5–10 h and thereafter at intervals of every 7 days up to 28 days post‐tsunami. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were isolated from the marine samples by serial dilution on respective media. Before the tsunami, the bacterial population was higher in seawater samples than the sediments, whereas fungi and actinomycetes were recorded only in the sediments. The microbial population remarkably increased 5–10 h post‐tsunami in all the marine samples irrespective of the location. However, it slowly declined in the subsequent days and became similar to that of the population recorded before the tsunami. The population of gram‐positive bacteria increased whereas the gram‐negative bacterial population decreased after the tsunami. Further, populations of pathogenic bacteria such as coliform and vibrios did not increase after the tsunami. It has been observed that the increase in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes even after 28 days of tsunami may be due to the introduction of foreign microorganisms that developed the ability to survive in the extreme environment by exhibiting special characteristics such as pigmentation and production of exopolysaccharides. 相似文献
15.
Abstract. Revision of published data on species diversity of marine nematode assemblages indicated significantly higher values in temperate coastal sediments than in tropical open sea and lagoonal sublittoral sediments of similar depth. The influence of sample size, mean grain size, latitude. degree of isolation and stability of the system arc discussed for 112 temperate samples and 85 tropical samples from 23 localities around the world. 相似文献
16.
17.
海洋沉积物含水率对部分碱金属及碱土金属元素含量的影响及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-AES)对海洋表层沉积物及上覆海水、海洋沉积物国家标准物质、陆地的水系沉积物及土壤国家标准物质进行检测以对比海洋沉积物含水率对部分碱金属及碱土金属元素分析结果所造成的影响。结果显示海洋沉积物含水率对钠离子影响最大,往往有超过50%的钠离子来自其中所含海水的贡献,而海洋沉积物含水率对钾、钙、镁的影响则较为微弱。因此,研究海洋沉积物化学组分时有必要考虑其所含海水对钠含量的贡献,以期达到不同海洋沉积物化学组分的可比性。 相似文献