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海洋环境监测的基本目的是全面、及时、准确掌握人类活动对海洋环境影响的水平、效应及趋势。海洋环境监测是海洋环境保护的重要基础性工作,海洋环境监测的作用主要表现在以下方面:一是检验海洋环境政策效果的标尺,为政府制定海洋环境政策提供依据;二是政府 相似文献
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针对目前我国海洋管理中市场型环境政策工具存在的一定问题,提出确立既科学合理又适合国情的市场型海洋环境政策工具,构建政府间协调机制督促海洋环境政策执行;转变企业环保动机,实现政企合作减排;提高公众海洋环保意识,加强监督力度. 相似文献
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本文分析了海洋环境管理中政府和企业关系的特殊性及协调政府和企业关系的必要性,指出目前海洋环境管理中政府和企业关系存在的问题,并提出海洋环境管理中协调政府和企业关系的新思路. 相似文献
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在海洋开发和利用中,海洋开发主体对海洋环境产生了负的外部性,靠市场的力量是不能解决外部性内部化的,必须依靠政府进行海洋环境管理。但在政府进行海洋环境管理的过程中又会产生寻租行为,导致海洋环境管理的低效率。笔者认为,可以通过制度创新来抑制在政府进行海洋环境管理中所产生的寻租行为。一、政府必须进行海洋环境管理的原因:外部性导致了市场失灵海洋环境具有公共资源的性质,而开发者在开发和利用公共资源时会产生负的外部性,造成海洋环境等资源的过度使用。所谓外部性(externalities),也称为外部效应,是指一个人或一个企业的活动… 相似文献
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长期以来,我国政府在海洋公共产品领域中,既是生产者,又是提供者.但随着海洋开发与管理的拓展和深入,面对环境的不确定性与信息的不完全性,政府难以使海洋资源的配置达到帕累托最优,导致海洋环境公共产品出现供给不适或不足.为此,需要在对海洋环境公共产品的内涵进行深入研究的同时,重新界定政府在海洋环境公共产品生产与提供中的基本职能范围,以此促进海洋环境管理事业的发展. 相似文献
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随着海洋强国战略的提出, 海洋经济进入快速发展期。尽管海洋开发的不断深入带来了巨大的经济效益, 但也造成 了海洋生态环境的不断恶化。本文基于演化博弈分析方法, 首先探究了渤海海洋环境治理面临的问题, 并就其治理的主体 (政府 、企业和公众) 构建演化博弈模型, 进一步分析三者达到均衡点所需要的条件, 最后提出相关主体参与海洋环境治理 的建议。结果显示, 监管成本是影响政府参与监管的主要因素, 企业是否非法排污取决于政府监管效率 、非法排污再治理的 成本、罚款与按照标准排污成本的利益比较, 而公众是否参与监督则取决于监督成本和回报。 因此为了实现渤海海洋环境的 有效治理, 应该降低政府监管成本以提高监管效率, 加大对企业非法排污的惩处力度, 畅通公众投诉渠道。 相似文献
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海洋环境管理是指国家及其职能部门利用行政、经济、法律、政策等手段,对人们开发利用海洋环境的行为进行干预或施加影响,以达到协调人类同海洋环境的关系,保护和改善海洋环境目的的全部管理活动。在管理活动中使用的这些管理手段,各有特点,起着不同的 相似文献
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为了保护环境、合理开发利用海洋资源、更好地进行海洋行政管理、实现政府决策科学化、从源头上抑制环境污染和生态破坏,通过分析、比较和例证的方法,研究了环境影响评价制度与海域使用论证制度的异同,主张积极转变政府职能,充分利用各种资源,通过联合管理、联合办公的方法,为协调两种制度寻找一个平台,理顺两种制度的实施体系。 相似文献
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渤海是斑海豹在我国唯一的繁殖地。研究结果表明,半个多世纪以来,渤海的斑海豹数量减少了80%。尽管我国20世纪末已将斑海豹列为国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物,采取了建立自然保护区等一系列措施,但在海洋生态环境持续恶化的情况下,其数量仍不断减少。近年来,随着海洋环境的改善,斑海豹的数量有了明显回升。本文从海冰面积、鱼类资源以及水质污染等方面分析了渤海海洋环境的状况,探讨了斑海豹数量变化的原因。本文研究可为我国有关部门在制定渤海环境保护政策时提供参考。 相似文献
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Leonard P 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):209-213
Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) is one of several government departments which undertakes research in support of its policy aims. For example, DEFRA has responsibility for licensing the deposit of materials in the sea in order to protect the environment, public health and prevent interference with other uses of the sea. This includes assessment of pollutant responses in marine organisms. The objectives include assessment of the sub-lethal effect that pollutants have at the cellular, organ and individual level, for example in normal genetic, behavioural and reproductive activity and extrapolation of the potential impact of pollutants to populations. This work helps DEFRA to establish whether individually or in combination, pollutants have an adverse effect on the environment. This paper gives some examples of the research undertaken and demonstrates how biological research can provide cost effective solutions to analytical problems and an opportunity to predict the way in which proposed disposal operations may have an impact on the marine environment. The way such research may influence policy is also discussed. 相似文献
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In recent times, the governance of the marine environment has evolved from being primarily top down and state directed to being more participatory and community based. This paper proposes that an extension of this trend would be the inculcation of a societal sense of marine citizenship to deliver the sustainable management and protection of the marine environment through enhanced individual involvement in policy development and implementation. The potential role of marine citizenship in UK marine governance was examined by surveying UK marine practitioner’s views on both the current and future role of marine citizenship. Observations from this study identified three key factors for discussion including conflicting opinions over the implementation of marine citizenship into policy; that marine-focused education and a sense of personal attachment are integral to the development of marine citizenship; and that as yet, the potential implications of an enhanced sense of marine citizenship are uncertain. This research highlights the recognition amongst marine practitioners that higher levels of citizen involvement in the management of the marine environment would greatly benefit the marine environment, with additional benefits possible through an increased sense of marine citizenship. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Traditionally, the ‘social licence to operate’ (SLO) refers to the societal expectations imposed on corporate and commercial activities, often displayed by the willingness for corporations to go beyond the requirements of formal regulations. Alternatively, this paper investigates the emerging influence of the SLO in shaping government decisions regarding the use and impact of the marine environment and its resources. Using expert interviews, text analysis and case study analysis, this research delineated the contemporary SLO as it has manifested in Australian marine governance, with the results indicating that this is potentially occurring at a pace faster than can be systematically reacted to within the current political decision-making processes. Under these emerging conditions, the risk has been identified that traditional government decision-making and stakeholder consultation processes are lagging in their capacity to adapt to ensure that public policy processes can support and engage in this shifting dialogue and ensure the influence of information is appropriately weighted. This research highlights an emerging adjustment of community presence in marine governance and the immediate complexities and challenges this creates for government decision-making. In particular, it begins to explore the interaction of differing information, how this information is carried through communication channels, stakeholder behaviour, approaches to withholding or granting a SLO and the responsibility this carries. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Carrying capacity is an important index used to evaluate the status of regional resources, ecological environment, and regional economic development. Marine industrial parks have gained substantial attention from domestic and foreign investors and governments at all levels; in particular, these parks are an essential part of the national blue economy development plan of the Chinese government. The carrying capacity of a marine industrial park is important to all related stakeholders. In this study, an evaluation system was established based on the literature review and expert interviews by using 32 indices under three dimensions (pressure, bearing, and transformation) to determine the carrying capacity of a marine industrial park. The carrying capacity of marine industrial parks in Shandong Province was evaluated using this system across diverse dimensions by incorporating state space and analytic hierarchy processes. Results indicated that carrying capacity significantly differed among regions, parks, and specific dimensions. Comparison among different types of marine industrial parks indicated that the modern marine service industry and fishery industrial parks showed improved and efficient development with relatively high bearing rates. By contrast, the modern marine manufacturing industry and strategic emerging industrial parks were significantly underdeveloped. This study proposes academic approaches and practical implications for the involved governments and managing committees. Furthermore, suggestions on park planning, policy support, industrial cluster, and industry–university–research institute alliances are provided to the government and enterprise perspectives to increase the carrying capacity of marine characteristic industrial parks. 相似文献
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１系统介绍胜利埕岛油田位于渤海湾南部现代黄河三角洲北部浅海区,１９６４～１９７６年黄河在该区入海。在Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ平台上开发的胜利埕岛油田海洋工程环境地理信息系统（简称埕岛ＧＩＳ）集成了埕岛地区１９６４年以来以海岸带变迁及海底冲淤变化为主的海洋工程环... 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
United Kingdom (UK) and European Union policy is rapidly developing to meet international targets for the sustainable use and protection of the marine environment. To inform this process, research needs to keep pace with these changes and research questions must be focused on providing robust scientific evidence. Thirty four priority research questions within six broad themes were identified by delegates who attended the 1st marine and coastal policy Forum, hosted by the Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research at Plymouth University in June 2011. The priority questions formed through this research are timely and reflect the pace and change of marine policy in the UK in response to international, European and national policy drivers. Within the data theme, the majority of questions seek to find improved procedures to manage and use data effectively. Questions related to governance focus on how existing policies should be implemented. The marine conservation questions focus entirely upon implementation and monitoring of existing policy. Questions related to ecosystem services focus on research to support the conceptual links between ecosystem services, ecosystem function, and marine management. Questions relating to marine citizenship are fundamental questions about the nature of societal engagement with the sea. Finally, the marine planning questions focus upon understanding the general approaches to be taken to marine planning rather than its detailed implementation. The questions that have emerged from this process vary in scale, approach and focus. They identify the interdisciplinary science that is currently needed to enable the UK to work towards delivering its European and international commitments to achieve the sustainable use and protection of the marine environment. 相似文献