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1.
对马里亚纳海槽的５个沉积岩芯进行了火山碎屑矿物分析,讨论了马里亚纳海槽的火山碎屑来源以及不同地质构造环境对沉积物类型分布的影响。同时,对岩芯中火山灰的组成特征及其地质意义进行了初步分析。 相似文献
2.
对鄂霍次克海东南部科学院隆起区OS03-1岩心碎屑重矿物及火山灰层进行了详细分析。岩心重矿物以紫苏辉石、绿帘石和普通角闪石为主,特征矿物为钛磁铁矿和普通辉石,矿物特征表明本岩心的物质主要来源于冰筏搬运(陆源)和火山喷发。陆源物质大部分来源于鄂霍次克海西部和北部地区,少量来自堪察加半岛冰川携带沉积物;火山物质则来源于堪察加半岛和千岛群岛的火山喷发产物。在岩心中识别出3个火山灰层,各种证据表明火山灰层1与已知的K2火山灰层相同,形成年代为26ka BP;火山灰层3具有明显火山物质与陆源物质混合特征,而火山灰层2则只能通过碎屑矿物的含量特征来判定,外在颜色不明显,已经明显的被陆源物质所稀释。研究表明,碎屑矿物组分参数可以有效地指示物质来源,也是识别火山灰层存在(特别是被陆源物质稀释)的可靠指标。 相似文献
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７４ｋａ左右最年轻的多巴火山喷发被认为是晚更新世最大的喷发 ,已多次讨论过其对全球气候的影响。直到现在 ,印度洋东北部的马来西亚、印度次大陆以及阿拉伯海 ,即苏门答腊岛上多巴火山口以西的地区都报道过多巴火山喷发的硅质火山灰层和分散的玻屑。这里我们报道了在中国南海南部的１７９６１ -２和１７９６２ -４沉积物岩心中新发现的火山灰层 ,运用地层学和地球化学分析得出这些火山灰层是最年轻的多巴火山灰。这些新的多巴火山灰雨出现在喷发火山口以东１８００多公里的地方 ,这可能表示了该喷发时期的对比风向。研究用的沉积物样品来… 相似文献
4.
刘振夏 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):69-78
马里亚纳海槽是一个正在扩张的弧后盆地。文章分析中国和联邦德国合作考察马里亚纳海槽两个沉积岩心的一般沉积特征、物质来源及其影响因素。两岩心沉积物均以砂质粉砂、粉砂和粘土质粉砂为主,含较多黑色火山灰层和黑色纹理,岩性分析表明,物质以火山碎屑为主。由于两岩心所处具体构造位置不同,导致岩性、构造和物质来源不同。61KL岩心有4或5个递变层序,为典型的浊流沉积,物质主要来自东部活动的马里亚纳火山弧,由浊流搬运而沉积。57KL岩心物质主要来自海槽扩张裂谷本身的火山喷发。两岩心均为半远洋沉积物。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽北部的全新世火山碎屑沉积 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了冲绳海槽北部的CSH1岩芯沉积物中矿物组成、化学元素质量分数和粒度的变化规律,研究结果表明,在全新世期间,日本九州岛发生了2次大规模火山喷发活动,造成大量的火山物质沉积在冲绳海槽北部。从岩芯最上部的沉积物中可识别出2层火山碎屑沉积,它们都具有沉积物粒径突然变粗、SiO2和Na2O等化合物的质量分数突然增加以及粘土矿物、挥发份、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO和Sr的质量分数迅速下降等特征。沉积物粒度数据的端员分析结果表明,冲绳海槽北部全新世沉积物中的硅酸盐碎屑是由陆源碎屑物质和火山灰按不同的比例混合而成的。有火山物质混入的沉积物的粒度分布多呈现双峰模式,粒度众数值分别为74.3和7.81μm。浮游有孔虫壳体的AMS14C测年结果表明,2层火山碎屑所对应的火山喷发年代分别为7 210和10 870 cal.aBP。其中前者与K-Ah火山的喷发时间一致,后者可能与Kuju火山在12~10 cal.kaBP期间的喷发有关。 相似文献
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南极西部马里伯德地的３个大的碱性复合火山的晚第四纪火山活动以火山喷发为主 ,许多沉积火山灰层作为南极西部冰盖和南大洋海洋沉积物的区域时代 -地层层位。在Ｂｅｒｌｉｎ山、Ｔａｋａｈｅ山和Ｓｉｐｌｅ山的熔岩和熔合火山碎屑坠积物以及非熔合火山碎屑坠积物共记录了２０次喷发 ,在组成上大多数为过碱性粗面岩。运用４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ激光熔融和反应堆逐步加热方法测得的喷发年龄范围为５７１～８．２ｋａ。４０Ａｒ／ ３９Ａｒ测年的这些马里伯德地喷发中的火山灰可用１９６８年伯德站冰心的地球化学资料来鉴定。７４ｋａ的冰心记录… 相似文献
7.
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物及其来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南海深海盆地表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物,经鉴定主要有15种。根据矿物的分布和组合特征划分为两个矿物群:Ⅰ基性火山碎屑矿物群,Ⅱ中性火山碎屑矿物群。并确定它们是近代海底火山喷发的产物。圈出5个基性火山喷发中心和2个中性火山喷发中心。南海深海区有中性火山喷发是新的发现。 相似文献
8.
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物及火山作用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物经鉴定约有15种,本文对其中主要的矿物进行了矿物学方面的研究,根据其分布规律和矿物组合特征,可分为两个矿物群,即基性火山碎屑矿物群和中性火山碎屑矿物群,并确定它们是就地海底火山喷发形成的,圈出5个基性火山喷发中心和2个中性火山喷发中心,喷发的火山岩浆可能属于钙碱质岩浆系列,本文还讨论了该区火山作用方式、喷发时代,并提出南海深海盆自中渐新世海底扩张以来至近代海底火山活动尚未停止. 相似文献
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南海东部晚更新世以来的火山沉积特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对取自南海东部的5个沉积岩芯进行矿物学和地球化学研究。结果表明火山碎屑沉积层可分为2种类型：1种具高SiO2低FeO，TiO，MgO和无色玻璃一普通角闪石组合特征，火山玻璃富含微量元素Cu，Sc，Zr，为酸性火山沉积成因；另1种以火山玻璃相对低含SiO2，高MgO，FeO，TiO2为特征，并与褐色玻璃一普通辉石一磁铁矿组合和高V，Ni的沉积层伴生，属中性火山碎屑沉积。晚更新世以来以深海盆为中心曾发生2～5次火山沉积，其性质、强度、频率和分布随区域性的变化而不同，在晚更新世中期(24．1～73．9ka)达到鼎盛。南部海盆属中性火山沉积，北部海盆为中酸性-酸性火山沉积。北部陆坡区和南沙礁台区基本上未受到影响。火山碎屑沉积物主要来自海底喷发，部分源自菲律宾岛弧。 相似文献
10.
太平洋沿岸的危地马拉有许多高耸的山脊,圣玛利亚火山(海拔3772m)即为其中之一。科学家将其归属于层火山,亦即由凝固的熔岩流与松散的火山灰层互层而形成的火山。它们的喷发通常由爆发开始,随即喷出火山弹和大量的火山灰,然后松散的岩石被熔岩流所覆盖。通常液态的炽热熔岩和火 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献