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分别于1987年4,5,6月采集了福建九龙江口全盐度段表层悬浮物,测定了悬浮物含量及其中P,Se,Ca,Cd,Cu,Ti,Mn,V,Zn和Al等痕量生物元素的含量。在盐度为0—6之间,悬浮物主要是陆源的,其含量从200mg/L降至100mg/L,但各[元素/Al]值基本保持恒定。在盐度约大于6时,由于生物活动繁盛,这些痕量生物元素的[元素/Al]值都明显增大,表明这些元素随着九龙江口海洋浮游植物的生物过程而被结合到悬浮固相中去。“过剩”P和“过剩”Se浓度随盐度的变化情况进一步表明,[P/Al)和[有机硒/Al]值适合于作为海洋浮游植物摄取元素的灵敏诊断指标。 相似文献
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随着海洋化学、海洋地质、海洋生物和海洋环境研究工作的日益深入,海水中痕量元素的测定,越来越受到人们的重视。海水中一些元素的浓度很低(10~(-9)—10~(-12)g/g),但弄清它们的确切含量和分布,对海洋的研究、开发和利用,却有非常重要的意义。因此,广大海洋工作者,对海水中诸如Pb、Cd 、Se、Th、Tl、Cu、Mo、Zn、U、G、Ba、Re等痕量元素的测定颇感兴趣。测定如此低含量的元素,大多数情况下都需要分离和富集。因此,不可避免地要使用一些化学试剂。而试剂中也含有一定量的被测元素,即通常所说的试剂空白,因为海水中被测 相似文献
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综述了电热原子吸收法直接测定海水中痕量元素的现状,着重介绍了基体改进剂排除海水基体的干扰,等温平台炉结合基体改进效应,探针等温炉降低海水中某些盐类的干扰,并讨论了该方法直接测定海水中痕量元素的主要障碍和发展方向。 相似文献
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1998年11月对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海区定点24h连续观测,测定了痕量金属、营养盐、溶解氧和盐度等项目;利用质量平衡实验验证了切向超滤实验对痕量金属回收的可行性;分析了不同粒径微粒上痕量金属与水环境要素的周日变化特征. 相似文献
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1998年 11月对大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海区定点 2 4 h连续观测 ,测定了痕量金属、营养盐、溶解氧和盐度等项目 ;利用质量平衡实验验证了切向超滤实验对痕量金属回收的可行性 ;分析了不同粒径微粒上痕量金属与水环境要素的周日变化特征 相似文献
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在无机硒的测定过程中 ,Se(VI)还原为 Se(IV)的过程中存在严重的基质效应 ,本文采用加入浓的Na Cl溶液来消除基质效应 ,取得较好结果。方法的检出限为 0 .0 9nmol/ L,对 Se(VI)含量为 0 .89nmol/ L和 3.42 nmol/ L的样品分析精密度为 5.4%和 3.3% ,回收率在 95%～ 1 0 5%范围内变动。在不同介质中工作曲线斜率的变动范围 <5%。 相似文献
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Concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Se, and Zn) were determined in the livers, kidneys, muscles, intestines,
and hearts of twelve long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) from the East Sea, Korea, in 2006. All specimens were entangled in various commercial fishing nets or traps and as such
are recorded as by-catch. The concentrations of Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn were much higher in the liver than in the kidney, muscle,
intestine, or heart. Trace metals that accumulated in the liver were, in descending order: Zn > Hg > Cd > Se > Cu > As > Cr
> Pb. In contrast, the concentration of Cd was higher in the kidney than in any other organs. The trace metals accumulated
in the kidney were, in descending order: Cd > Zn > Cu > Hg > Se > As > Pb > Cr. No significant differences were found in the
concentrations of As, Cr, or Pb in all the tissues examined. 相似文献
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Wanwan Cao Yan Chang Shan Jiang Jian Li Zhenqiu Zhang Jie Jin Jianguo Qu Guosen Zhang Jing Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):1-2
Selenium(Se) has been recognized as a key trace element that is associated with growth of primary producers in oceans. During March and May 2018, surface water(67 samples) was collected and measured by HG-ICP-MS to investigate the distribution and behavior of selenite [Se(IV)], selenate [Se(VI)] and dissolved organic selenides(DOSe) concentrations in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE), South China Sea(SCS) and Malacca Straits(MS). It showed that Se(IV)(0.14–3.44 nmol/L) was the dominant chemical species in the ZRE, related to intensive manufacture in the watershed; while the major species shifted to DOSe(0.05–0.79 nmol/L) in the MS, associated with the wide coverage of peatland and intensive agriculture activities in the Malaysian Peninsula. The SCS was identified as the northern and southern sections(NSCS and SSCS) based on the variations of surface circulation.The insignificant variation of Se(IV) in the NSCS and SSCS was obtained in March, potentially resulting from the high chemical activity and related preferential assimilation by phytoplankton communities. Contrastively, the lower DOSe concentrations in the SSCS likely resulted from higher primary production and utilization during March. During May, the concentration of Se(IV) remained low in the NSCS and SSCS, while DOSe concentrations increased notably in the SSCS, likely due to the impact of terrestrial inputs from surface current reversal and subsequent accumulation. On a global scale, DOSe is the dominant Se species in tropical oceans, while Se(IV) and Se(VI) are major fractions in high-latitude oceans, resulting from changes in predominated phytoplankton and related biological assimilation. 相似文献
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海洋生物体中痕量金属分析方法的实验室间分析互校 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文介绍了我国首次海洋生物体中痕量金属分析方法的实验室间互校结果。38个实验室分别参加了铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、硒、砷和汞8种元素,共22个分析方法的分析互校。互校结果表明,除了铅的分光光度法外,其余21个分析方法均能获得准确可比的分析结果。 相似文献
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Bustamante P González AF Rocha F Miramand P Guerra A 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(2):278-287
This study investigated 14 trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in the tissues of the giant squid Architeuthis dux from the Mediterranean and Atlantic Spanish waters. As for other families of cephalopods, the digestive gland and the branchial hearts of Architeuthis showed the highest concentrations of Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, V and Zn, highlighting their major role in the bioaccumulation and detoxification processes. With the exception of Hg, the muscles showed relatively low trace element concentrations. Nevertheless, this tissue contained the main proportion of the total As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Zn body burden because muscles represent the main proportion of the squid mass. These findings suggest that the metal metabolism is overall the same as other cephalopod families from neritic waters. In females, Zn concentrations increased in the digestive gland with the squid's weight likely reflecting physiological changes during sexual maturation. Comparing the trace element concentrations in the tissues of Architeuthis, higher Ag, Cu, Hg and Zn concentrations in the squid from the Mediterranean reflected different exposure conditions. In comparison to other meso-pelagic squids from the Bay of Biscay, Cd concentrations recorded in the digestive gland suggest that Architeuthis might feed on more contaminated prey or that it displays a longer life span that other cephalopods. 相似文献
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The benthic bivalve, Anadara trapezia, was collected from a 'clean' reference site and transplanted along a suspected trace metal contamination gradient in Lake Macquarie, NSW. At monthly intervals, Zn, Se, Cd and Pb concentrations were measured in the surficial sediments and whole tissues of the cockle as well as their physiological condition (Scope for Growth). Zinc, Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments decreased together, southward, with the highest concentrations in the Cockle Bay area, suggesting that this is the main source of contamination. Zinc, Cd and Pb concentrations were near or above [ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. National water quality management strategy paper 4. Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Australian and New Zealand Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand. pp. 3.5.-1-3.5-10] sediment quality guidelines at Cockle Creek, Warners Bay and Koorooa Bay. Significant differences in trace metal concentrations could not be attributed to grain size or Fe concentration differences. Se concentrations were highest in fine grain Fe rich sediments of Whiteheads Lagoon, and likely to be associated with power generation operations. Trace metal concentrations did not vary significantly over time. Zinc, Cd and Pb concentrations in the tissues of A. trapezia followed a similar pattern to that of sediments. Zinc and Pb concentrations in cockles and sediments were highly correlated, indicating significant exposure-dose relationships. Selenium concentrations in the tissues of A. trapezia were higher after transplantation to the lake, however, Se concentrations were similar in all transplanted cockles, indicating that Se in contaminated sediments is not the major source of Se to organisms. There was a decline in the physiological condition of A. trapezia transplanted to Lake Macquarie after a 90-day-period with marked differences in clearance rates and respiration rates at some locations and absorption efficiencies at all locations. The mean Scope for Growth value at the most contaminated location, Cockle Bay, was markedly lower than at other locations. A significant Zn exposure-dose response relationship indicates that Zn bioaccumulation is occurring in response to sediment contamination. A significant Cd exposure-response relationship indicates that Cd may be influencing the health of cockles. Significant Pb exposure-dose, exposure-response and dose-response relationships indicate that Pb probably is affecting the health of cockles in Lake Macquarie. Therefore, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments are likely to be affecting the health of cockles in Lake Macquarie. 相似文献
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Concentrations of 12 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, and Hg) were determined in liver and skin tissues of minke whales from various regions within the Antarctic Ocean. Cd concentrations in livers of southern minke whale were apparently higher than those in cetaceans from other regions, while Hg concentrations were lower. There were significant positive correlations between body length and concentrations of Cd and Hg in the liver. The concentrations of all trace elements in the skin were lower than those in other cetaceans reported previously. Significant positive correlations between liver and skin were found for Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Cs, implying that the concentrations of these trace elements in the skin reflect those of internal organs. Large interannual variation of the accumulation pattern of trace elements in the skin was observed for the southern minke whales from Area V. There were significant differences in the skin element concentrations among Areas III, IV, and V, especially for males. Also, discriminant analysis between geographically two different groups collected during 1995/1996 austral summer season, based on the concentrations of trace elements in the skin, allowed for a correct classification of 90% of these minke whales. These results suggest that measurement of trace elements in skin samples could provide valuable information on the status of contamination and possible geographic differences in the accumulation levels in southern minke whales. 相似文献
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P. Bienfang E.H. De Carlo S. Christopher S. DeFelice P. Moeller 《Marine Chemistry》2009,113(3-4):164-171
The objective of this work is to characterize the concentrations of selected trace elements (V, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, As, Mo, Cd, Pb, U) in diverse nearshore (50 m), coastal (1.5 km) and seawater well environments within the Hawaiian Archipelago using robust analytical methods that are appropriate for metals analyses in seawater. The sampling sites include locations having varying type, quality and quantity of freshwater input. In most coastal and nearshore cases, the trace element concentrations approximate values characteristic of offshore waters. Concentrations of trace elements in coastal waters that were enriched through either urban or agricultural inputs declined sharply within a short distance from shore; this is taken to indicate the predominant importance of physical mixing/advective processes along with particle scavenging in these dynamic areas. Trace element levels in seawater wells did not evidence any concentration trends consistent with island age suggesting little or no impact of island weathering on metal concentrations; concentration differences among wells appeared to be more dependent on well depth, redox conditions, and/or salinity. Sampling also targeted nearshore locales where ciguatera fish poisoning is prominent because of suggested linkages between trace element concentrations and aberrant dinoflagellate growth. Nearshore stations where ciguatera is prevalent failed to show clearly different trace element levels except for two prominent locales which showed elevated Mn and Fe concentrations. 相似文献
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This study assessed whether trace elements present at Deception Island, an active submarine volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula, show enhanced biological availability to the local marine community. Using a weak acid extraction method to dissolve organic material and leach associated but not constitutive trace elements of sediments, fifteen elements were measured from seafloor sediment, seawater particulates, and tissues of benthic (bivalves, brittlestars, sea urchins) and pelagic (demersal and pelagic fishes, krill) organisms collected in the flooded caldera. The highest element concentrations were associated with seafloor sediment, the lowest with seawater particulates and organism tissues. In the case of Ag and Se, concentrations were highest in organism tissue, indicating contamination through the food chain and biomagnification of those elements. The elements Al, Fe, Mn, Sr, Ti, and to a lesser extent Zn, were the most concentrated of the trace elements for all sample types. This indicates that the whole ecosystem of Deception Island is contaminated with trace elements from local geothermal activity, which is also reflected in the pattern of element contamination in organisms. Accordingly, element concentrations were higher in organisms collected at Deception Island compared to those from the neighboring non-active volcanic King George Island, suggesting that volcanic activity enhances bioavailability of trace elements to marine organisms. Trace element concentrations were highest in digestive tissue of organisms, suggesting that elements at Deception Island are incorporated into the marine food web mainly through a dietary route. 相似文献
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Lahaye V Bustamante P Law RJ Learmonth JA Santos MB Boon JP Rogan E Dabin W Addink MJ López A Zuur AF Pierce GJ Caurant F 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(3):247-266
Selected trace elements (Cd, Cu, Hg, Se, Zn) were measured in the kidneys and the liver of 104 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the coasts of France, Galicia (Spain), Ireland, Scotland (UK), and the Netherlands. Generally, relatively low concentrations of toxic elements were encountered in the tissues of European porpoises, except for two individuals, which displayed high hepatic Hg concentrations. Also, elevated Cd levels obtained in Scottish porpoises could be related to their feeding preferences and this result suggests an increase of the proportion of cephalopods in their diet with latitude. Moreover, significant geographical differences were seen in hepatic Zn concentrations; the elevated Zn concentrations displayed by porpoises from the Netherlands may relate their poor health status. Variation in metal concentrations within porpoises from the North Sea is likely to reflect a long-term segregation between animals from northern (Scotland) and southern areas (the Netherlands), making trace elements powerful ecological tracers. 相似文献
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The chemical composition (43 elements) of aerosols is reviewed for the Caspian Sea based on nine samples taken in the winter and autumn of 2005. The aerosols are considered as geological material incoming to the sea from the atmosphere. The major aerosol components are distinguished and the degree of the concentration is calculated for a series of trace elements relative to their contents in the lithosphere. Se, Cd, Sb, Au, and Pb are concentrated by one-two orders of magnitude, which is related to the pollution. A correlation matrix is given for the studied elements, and their relations with the major components of the aerosols are revealed. 相似文献