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1.
双台子河口芦苇湿地盐分离子空间变化与植物群落退化演替关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以双台子河口芦苇湿地为研究对象,对2009年10月野外调查所获取的土壤、植物样品进行室内分析,研究盐分离子和植被群落退化演替的关系。结果表明:根据芦苇生物量、覆盖度、株高3项生长指标变化,研究区芦苇群落退化演替的顺序为芦苇—芦苇/补血草—芦苇/碱蒿—芦苇/碱蓬—獐茅/翅碱蓬—翅碱蓬。随着退化演替的进行,翅碱蓬群落的各盐分离子含量显著高于其他五种植物群落的含量。电导率与芦苇生物量、株高呈显著负相关,与土壤易溶盐离子(除CO2-3)呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。说明各盐分离子通过影响电导率而间接抑制植物生长,电导率与pH呈极显著正相关(P0.01),说明试验区土壤盐化的同时伴随着碱化。 相似文献
2.
种植盐地碱蓬修复滨海盐渍土效果的研究 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
利用盐生植物——盐地碱蓬进行天津河口滨海盐碱地的生物修复。通过比较种植盐地碱蓬土壤和对照土壤的电导率、有机质和微生物数量的差异等研究了其修复效果。结果表明，种植区碱蓬根际土壤的电导率与对照土壤相比下降了13％；有机质和总氮与对照土壤相比分别增加43％和18％；根际土壤的微生物数量明显增加，放线菌和真菌分别比对照增加了5倍和16倍。根际微生物优势种群的盐耐受性结果显示，部分根际土壤的优势种群的盐耐受性明显下降，耐盐性较低的微生物种群已成为优势种群。以上结果表明，种植盐地碱蓬对改善滨海盐碱地的生态有明显的效果。 相似文献
3.
文章依据2021年9月黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物调查数据，分析了沉积物粒度、容重、有机碳分布特征，并对黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物碳密度及碳储量进行评估。结果显示，黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物类型以粉砂为主，部分层次为砂质粉砂和黏土质粉砂；4种植被类型中，不同深度的沉积物容重差异性不大，互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区容重整体大于柽柳和芦苇分布区；互花米草、盐地碱蓬、芦苇和柽柳分布区沉积物中有机碳含量分别为0.199%、0.200%、0.184%和0.161%,互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区底质中有机碳含量较芦苇和柽柳分布区偏高，这与互花米草和盐地碱蓬分布区含有更多的黏土组分有关；计算得出，黄河口盐沼湿地沉积物总碳储量为33.47万t,其中互花米草分布区为14.31万t,芦苇分布区为12.05万t,柽柳分布区为5.27万t,盐地碱蓬分布区为1.84万t。 相似文献
4.
防潮堤坝对山东昌邑滨海湿地植物及土壤性质的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究防潮堤坝对滨海湿地植物及土壤性质的影响,本研究在昌邑国家级海洋生态特别保护区内,通过样线法进行野外调查采样,进行防潮堤坝内外土壤、植被以及两者之间联系的分析,研究了堤坝内外植被及土壤性质差异。结果表明:堤坝内外土壤、植被有一定的差异;堤坝外部土壤C、N、P含量小于堤坝内部,堤坝外部土壤盐度大于堤坝内部;堤坝外部是以盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和獐毛(Aeluropus sinensis)为主滨海湿地景观,堤坝内部则是以柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)为主的灌草丛景观;保护区内物种丰富度与土壤盐度值呈负相关关系,随着盐度的升高,堤坝外部物种丰富度低于堤坝内部;芦苇(Phragmites australis)体内TC、TN、TP及C︰N︰P与土壤C、N、P含量及C︰N︰P没有明显相关性,而柽柳体内N含量与土壤P含量呈明显负相关关系,说明木本植物比草本植物更加依赖土壤中营养元素的供给。 相似文献
5.
本文通过现场采集盘锦芦苇湿地不同植被状态区域土壤样品,测定土壤中石油降解菌数量、酶活性和石油烃含量,研究了河口湿地不同芦苇植被状况下石油降解微生物活性的分布特征及影响因素,并探讨了芦苇湿地自然净化能力特征.结果表明,盘锦湿地石油降解微生物活性与湿地芦苇的植被状况相关,芦苇的存在明显提高了石油降解微生物的活性,促进了湿地中石油污染物的降解;脱氢酶活性与石油烃含量极显著正相关(P＜0.01),脱氢酶活性可代表土壤中石油降解过程的生物活性状态;土壤中的N、P含量、pH值和含水率是影响微生物活性的主要因素,芦苇根际可以改善土壤理化性质而有利于微生物的生长.人工恢复芦苇增强了土壤中石油降解生物活性,提高了湿地净化能力,是保护河口湿地生态功能的有效措施.研究结果可为河口湿地石油污染物的生物净化能力研究及生物修复效果评估提供科学依据. 相似文献
6.
辽河口芦苇湿地氨氧化菌群落结构与土壤盐分的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用最大或然数(MPN)法和变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)对辽河口芦苇湿地不同盐分土壤中氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria,AOB)的数量分布和群落变化进行了解析,旨在探究辽河口芦苇湿地土壤中AOB群落结构与土壤盐分的关系,为河口湿地的生物修复提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明:辽河口芦苇湿地土壤中盐分含量越高,AOB数量越少,表现为土壤盐分含量为10g/kg的S10组AOB数量大于土壤盐分含量为15g/kg的S15组AOB数量,大于土壤盐分含量为20g/kgS20;其中S10组AOB数量多于对照组,S15组AOB数量与对照组相当,S20组AOB数量小于对照组,即土壤盐分较低时,盐分的升高能促进AOB的增长,当土壤盐分超过一定范围时,盐分的增加则抑制AOB数量的增加;不同盐度胁迫下AOB菌群群落结差异很大,而聚类结果没有表现出很大的差异性;盐度对AOB的影响体现在低、中高、高盐度土壤中氨氧化菌的种类和群落结构显著不同;不同时期低盐度土壤中的AOB群落结构和优势种群均发生了变化;中高盐度土壤中的AOB群落结构相似,不同时期优势菌比例不同;高盐度土壤中AOB数量明显减小,种群多样性明显降低。 相似文献
7.
近年来,我国滩涂湿地退化十分严重,其中盘锦红海滩的翅碱蓬也呈现了大面积退化和死亡得现象。本文以盘锦红海滩不同时间、不同区域的土壤为例,对土壤理化性质和土壤酶进行研究,通过测定翅碱蓬生长的土壤中pH、盐度、氧化还原电位、总磷、总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和土壤酶理化性质,来探查翅碱蓬退化的原因。实验结果表明:不同区域4月份土壤样品的pH、盐度、氧化还原电位、总氮、总磷和亚硝酸盐氮含量较3月份土壤样品相比均有所降低,其中总磷和亚硝酸盐氮下降明显;氨氮、硝酸盐氮变化无明显规律。翅碱蓬生长繁茂区土样的土壤酶与退化区相比差别不大;当气温升高时,各地区酶活性均有所提高。 相似文献
8.
为探讨盐度对碱蓬生理指标和反射光谱的响应,以滨海湿地盐地碱蓬(Suaedasalsa)为研究对象,采用自然光照盆栽试验方法研究8种盐度(0(对照,CK)、5、10、15、20、25、30和35)对碱蓬幼苗的生理指标(株高、鲜质量、干质量、叶绿素含量、可溶性总糖和蛋白质质量比)和反射光谱的响应。研究结果表明:盐度对碱蓬植株生理指标存在显著响应,低中盐度(0～25)对植株生长有促进作用,而高盐度(30～35)对植株生长起到抑制作用;25盐度下,碱蓬株高、鲜质量、干质量、叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性总糖质量比均高于其他盐度和对照组;不同盐度处理下的碱蓬植株蛋白质质量比均高于对照组;盐度对碱蓬反射光谱存在明显响应,碱蓬在绿光和近红外波段的反射率随着盐度的增加而逐渐减小;通过相关分析判断出碱蓬株高、鲜质量、干质量、叶绿素含量、可溶性总糖和蛋白质质量比的诊断波段,分别是547、555、548、556、546和2 300 nm。碱蓬高光谱特征指数MTCI、MNDVI1、DCNI、TCARI/OSAVI和R546在不同盐度下存在明显差异,可作为盐分胁迫的高光谱响应诊断指标。分析盐度对碱蓬生理指标和反射光谱的响应,可为深入研究碱蓬对退化滨海湿地生态修复具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
9.
造纸废水灌溉对芦苇湿地微生物的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解造纸废水灌溉对滨海芦苇湿地的影响,测定了几种灌溉条件下湿地基质中微生物数量、微生物量碳/总有机碳(MBC/ TOC)和土壤有效硫等指标.结果表明:造纸废水灌溉能显著提高基质中微生物数量和活性,且受季节影响较明显,一般在9月份最高;微生物数量在基质内垂直分布为上层>下层,特别是放线菌、真菌;反硝化细菌与土壤TN,纤维素分解菌与废水COD去除率,及MBC/TOC与基质呼吸强度相关性较好;硫酸盐还原细菌数量在10月份以后激增,使基质变黑,但对芦苇根系影响较小.废水灌溉能改良滨海盐碱土壤,促进退化生态系统的修复,但不同灌溉模式对微生物种群组成的影响不同,推荐采用间歇灌溉(w4)或低水深恒流灌溉(w1)模式. 相似文献
10.
基于1973—2018年期间的6期遥感影像数据,利用面向对象的分类方法提取江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区核心区的土地覆盖分类信息,进而利用土地转移矩阵分析近45年来盐城保护区核心区土地覆盖变化规律。研究表明:在1973—2018年期间,研究区土地覆盖类型由海到陆依次为海水、光滩、河流、米草、碱蓬、茅草、芦苇和养殖区。土地覆盖变化总体上表现为:光滩大面积减少,变化类型是光滩→碱蓬群落→米草群落,主要集中在研究区中部地区。茅草群落自2008年消失,变化类型是茅草群落→芦苇群落→养殖区,主要集中在研究区的西南和西北部地区。碱蓬群落明显减少,主要转变为芦苇和米草群落,集中在研究区中部地区;西部靠近海堤的变化类型是碱蓬群落→芦苇群落,东部靠近光滩的变化类型是碱蓬群落→米草群落。养殖区大面积增加,集中在研究区西南部地区;芦苇群落明显增加,集中在研究区西部和西北部地区。结果分析认为,盐城滨海湿地保护区核心区土地覆盖类型在近45年来变化显著,尤其是人工湿地养殖区的分布范围明显增加,这可能对滨海湿地生态系统健康与可持续发展造成一定影响,应尽快改变滨海湿地保护区核心区的开发利用方式。 相似文献
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12.
对东海、黄海的近岸、远岸海区空气中陆源性和海洋性微生物含量进行了测定。并比较了不同测区间空气微生物含量的差别,分析了它们的昼夜变化状态,以及气温对这些变化的影响。认为测区空气微生物状态指示海洋与陆地、人类活动及环境污染与海洋空气间的相互作用。 相似文献
13.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2010,57(16):1519-1536
This paper synthesizes recent findings regarding microbial distributions and processes in the bathypelagic ocean (depth >1000 m). Abundance, production and respiration of prokaryotes reflect supplies of particulate and dissolved organic matter to the bathypelagic zone. Better resolution of carbon fluxes mediated by deep microbes requires further testing on the validity of conversion factors. Archaea, especially marine Crenarchaeota Group I, are abundant in deep waters where they can fix dissolved inorganic carbon. Viruses appear to be important in the microbial loop in deep waters, displaying remarkably high virus to prokaryote abundance ratios in some oceanic regions. Sequencing of 18S rRNA genes revealed a tremendous diversity of small-sized protists in bathypelagic waters. Abundances of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and ciliates decrease with depth more steeply than prokaryotes; nonetheless, data indicated that HNF consumed half of prokaryote production in the bathypelagic zone. Aggregates are important habitats for deep-water microbes, which produce more extracellular enzymes (on a per-cell basis) than surface communities. The theory of marine gel formation provides a framework to unravel complex interactions between microbes and organic polymers. Recent data on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on microbial activities indicate that bathypelagic microbial activity is generally higher under in situ pressure conditions than at atmospheric pressures. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed a remarkable diversity of Bacteria in the bathypelagic ocean. Metagenomics and comparative genomics of piezophiles reveal not only the high diversity of deep sea microbes but also specific functional attributes of these piezophilic microbes, interpreted as an adaptation to the deep water environment. Taken together, the data compiled on bathypelagic microbes indicate that, despite high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, microbes in the bathypelagic ocean dynamically interact with complex mixtures of organic matter, responding to changes in the ocean’s biogeochemical state. 相似文献
14.
We studied the microbial communities collected from hydrate-bearing sediments on the North Slope of Alaska to determine how abiotic variables (e.g., grain size, hydrate presence, formation fluid gases) may correspond to the type and distribution of microbes in the sediments. The cores were acquired from sub-permafrost, Eocene (46-55 million year old) sediments in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well within which hydrates are believed to have formed 1.5 mya. Forty samples, eight of which originally contained hydrates, were acquired from depths of ca. 606-666 m below land surface. Five drilling fluid samples acquired from the same depth range were included in the analysis as a control for possible contamination by drilling fluid microbes during the drilling and handling of cores. DNA was extracted from 15 samples (typically <1 ng DNA/g sediment was recovered) and then amplified using polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA genes, which indicates the likelihood that microbes were present in all analyzed samples. Only bacterial DNA amplicons were detected. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to measure bacterial diversity in the respective samples. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to determine the abiotic variables that may have influenced bacterial diversity. NMS analysis revealed that the microbial taxa present in the sediment were distinct from the taxa present in the drilling fluids suggesting that the sediments were not contaminated by the drilling fluids. Multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) found no significant difference between three sample groups identified a priori as being from within a hydrate zone, outside of hydrate zone, or on the edge of a hydrate/non-hydrate zone according to downhole nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy logs. However, among the several other abiotic parameters that were evaluated mud gas methane concentration and variables related to hydrate presence (e.g., chloride concentration, salinity, and resistivity) appeared to define the arrangement of microbial community signatures in plots resulting from NMS analysis. Communities from hydrate and non-hydrate layers each contained unique taxa as determined by the T-RFLP assay. 相似文献
15.
Although environmental factors such as grain size and organic carbon content may influence the distribution of microbes in marine sediments, there has been little experimental study of the topic to date. To investigate how those sediment variables affect microbial colonisation under in situ conditions, deep‐sea sediments and artificial sediments (glass beads, sands) were incubated in the Arctic deep sea at 2500 m water depth with or without chitin, one of the most important carbon polymers in marine environments. Microbial abundance, biomass, chitobiase activity and changes in community structure were monitored after 7 days and 1 year. In control sediments without chitin addition, no significant changes in microbial abundance, biomass and activity were observed after 1 year. In the presence of chitin, however, considerable increases in these parameters were recorded in all three sediment types tested. Regardless of chitin addition, natural deep‐sea sediments were always associated with higher values of microbial abundance, biomass and activity compared with artificial sediments. Sediment type was always found to be the most significant factor explaining variation in enzymatic activity and bacterial community structure as compared to the effects of chitin amount, incubation time, and changes in cell number or biomass. Overall, this is the first in situ study that has addressed the effects of multiple factors and their interactions on abundance, biomass, activity and community structure of microbial communities in the deep Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
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对瓦尔帕莱索、彭塔阿雷纳斯、坎帕纳、新加坡和青岛的港口等空气微生物作了监测。这五个城市空气中的海洋性微生物及陆源性微生物数量(CFU/m~3)按大小次序排列均为:坎帕纳>青岛>瓦尔帕莱索>彭塔阿雷纳斯>新加坡。对空气微生物数量与气温、风速和相对湿度的关系作了初步比较分析后,认为适宜的气温及较大幅度的相对湿度有利于空气中微生物的增加:大风速、低相对湿度或高气温不利于空气中海洋性微生物的增加,本结果反映有关城市间空气污染的差异,坎帕纳的空气状况较差,对所得菌株作了初步分类,其中以不动杆菌较多,次为欧文氏菌等。 相似文献
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利用新型间歇增氧垂直流人工湿地,揭示了不同进水N H4+-N浓度下盐度提升对湿地脱氮性能及微生物群落的影响.试验结果表明:间歇增氧垂直流人工湿地在盐胁迫下的脱氮性能明显优于传统垂直流人工湿地,高盐(2.0％ 盐度)对TN去除性能影响较大,对COD去除性能影响相对较小.进水NH4+-N浓度为40 mg/L时,当盐度由0％... 相似文献
18.
Yong Wang Jun Li Zhanfei Wei Qingmei Li Yingli Zhou Wenli Li Jun Chen Suixue Wang Yongzhi Xin Aiqun Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(12):98-104
Some deep-sea microbes may incorporate inorganic carbon to reduce CO2 emission to upper layer and atmosphere. How the microbial inhabitants can be affected under addition of bicarbonate has not been studied using in situ fixed and lysed samples. In this study, we cultivated 40 L natural bottom water at ~1 000 m depth with a final concentration of 0.1 mmol/L bicarbonate for 40 min and applied multiple in situ nucleic acids collection (MISNAC) apparatus for nucleic acids extraction from the cultivation. Our classification result of the cultivation sample showed a distinct microbial community structure, compared with the samples obtained by Niskin bottle and six working units of MISNAC. Except for notable enrichment of Alteromonas, we detected prevalence of Asprobacter, Ilumatobacter and Saccharimonadales in the cultivation. Deep-sea lineages of Euryarchaeota, SAR406, SAR202 and SAR324 were almost completely absent from the cultivation and Niskin samples. This study revealed the dominant microbes affected by bicarbonate addition and Niskin sampling, which suggested rapid responses of deep-sea microbes to the environmental changes. 相似文献
19.
Masachika Maeda 《Journal of Oceanography》1980,36(3):167-176
This article summarizes the author's current work on microbial degradation of nucleic acid. The aim of this work is to elucidate parts of the saprogenic process in the marine ecosystem through the study of the behavior of nucleic acid-hydrolyzing bacteria inhabiting seawater and sediments.Considerably large population of nucleic acid-hydrolyzing bacteria was found to occur in seawater and sediments. The main genera of these microbes areVibrio spp. in coastal seas, andPseudomonas spp. in the oceanic waters. As a result of microbial attack, nucleic acid components are released into seawater. The properties of extracellular nuclease produced by a marineVibrio sp. are well adapted to the seawater environment; consequently this enzyme has high activity and stability in seawater. By determining nuclease activity in seawater and sediments, the intensities of nucleic acid-hydrolysisin situ were evaluated.Distribution patterns of marine bacteria are also discussed in reference to the occurrence of phytoplankton in seawater. 相似文献
20.
Symbiotic Relations of Sediment-Agglutinating Nematodes and Bacteria in Detrital Habitats: The Enzyme-Sharing Concept 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. A new concept (‘enzyme sharing’) concerning the interaction of marine nematodes and microbes in the degradation of sedimentary detritus is presented. Elements of this concept are (1) the notorious tendency of many aquatic nematodes to agglutinate detrital particles by mucus secretions, (2) new observations on the stimulation of microbial growth by nematodes in agar plates, and (3) literature data on limited endogenous proteolytic capacities of aquatic nematodes. Observations on nematode‐microbe associations in agar plates prompted the conceptual synthesis. In agar medium without the addition of any nutrients a spectacular growth of bacteria was visible on the sinusoidal crawling trails of nematodes only 2 – 3 days after introduction of the worms (species of Adoncholaimus, Anoplostoma and Sabatieria). Juveniles of Anoplostoma that hatched in the agar cultures left their minute trails in the medium and these were rapidly occupied by bacteria. The nematodes repeatedly visited their bacterial trails, which persisted as a peculiar biotic structure for more than one year and survived the nematodes.In sterile agar preparations containing the fluorogenic methylumbelliferyl‐β‐glucoside in the presence of the nematode Adoncholaimus, an enhanced fluorescence of the medium was visible, indicating β‐glucosidase activity. We therefore assume that oncholaimid nematodes discharge enzymes that alone, or in concert with microbial activities, contribute to the hydrolytic cleavage of refractory polysaccharides containing β‐glucosidic bonds such as agar components and cellulose. The sugars thus produced may then be taken up by the nematodes and concomitantly support the conspicuous growth of microbes. Since we did not observe any feeding of the nematodes on the associated microbes in agar plates, we question the nutritive potential of intact microbial cells for a number of nematodes abounding in detrital habitats, and call attention to the significance of ambient dissolved or adsorbed organic monomeric nutrients.Consequently, we perceive the puzzling perpetual accretion of detrital organic particles to sediment agglutinations by nematodes as an adaptation for operating an ‘enzymatic reactor’ for the production of dissolved nutrients. We hypothesise a relationship of mutual commensalism of nematodes and heterotrophic microbes in detrital habitats and propose the term ‘enzyme sharing’ for this relationship. Both parties invest in a common enzyme pool that decomposes organic detritus for their nutrition. We present here evidence that nematodes contribute β‐glucosidase, which is involved in the cellulase system. Data from the literature suggest that microbial enzymatic processing of detrital proteins yields amino acids available to nematodes, which apparently have no efficient proteolytic enzyme system in their intestines. 相似文献