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Interannual variations of the air-sea CO 2 exchange from 1965 to 2000 in the Pacific Ocean are studied with a Pacific Ocean model.Two numerical experiments are performed,including the control run that is forced by climatological monthly mean physical data and the climate-change run that is forced by interannually varying monthly mean physical data.Climatological monthly winds are used in both runs to calculate the coefficient of air-sea CO 2 exchange.The analysis through the differences between the two runs shows that in the tropical Pacific the variation of export production induced by interannual variations of the physical fields is negatively correlated with that of the air-sea CO 2 flux,while there is no correlation or a weak positive correlation in the subtropical North and South Pacific.It indicates that the variation of the physical fields can modulate the variation of the air-sea CO 2 flux in converse ways in the tropical Pacific by changing the direct transport and biochemical process.Under the interannually varying monthly mean forcing,the simulated EOF1 of the air-sea CO 2 flux is basically consistent with that of sea surface temperature(SST) in the tropical Pacific,but contrary in the two subtropical Pacific Ocean.The correlation coefficient between the regionally integrated air-sea CO 2 flux and area-mean SST shows that when the air-sea CO 2 flux lags SST by about 5 months,the positive coefficient in the three regions is largest,indicating that in the tropical Pacific or on the longer time scale in the three regions,physical processes control the flux-SST relationship. 相似文献
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Multitime scale variations of sea surface temperature in the China seas based on the HadISST dataset 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
The variability of the sea surface temperature(SST) in the China seas has been studied in seasonal,interannual and interdecadal scales based on the monthly data of HadISST spanning from 1870 to 2007. The main results obtained are SST in the China offshore changes most actively at the seasonal scale with the intensity diminishing from north to south,as the temperature differences between summer and winter reaching 17 and 4 C in the northern and southern areas,respectively. Moreover,seasonal variation near the coastal regions seems relatively stronger than that far from the coastline;significant interannual variations are detected,with the largest positive anomaly occurring in 1998 in the overall area. But as far as different domains are concerned,there exists great diversity,and the difference is also found between winter and summer. Differed from the seasonal variations,where the strongest interannual variability takes place,resides to the south of that of the seasonal ones in the northern section,nevertheless in the South China Sea,the most significant interannual variability is found in the deep basin;interdecadal changes of summer,winter and annual mean SST in different domains likewise present various features. In addition,a common dominant warming in recent 20 a are found in the overall China offshore with the strongest center located in the vicinity of the Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea,which intensifies as high as 1.3 C during the past 130 a. 相似文献
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南海表层水温场的时空特征与长期变化趋势 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文利用月平均表层水温（SST）、850hPa经向风和西太平洋副热带高压等资料分析了南海表层水温距平（SSTA）场的时空特征和长期变化趋势，并探讨了SST的年际和长期变化原因．结果表明，南海SSTA场分别存在着以全域同位相振荡和东南一西北向反位相振荡的两个主要模态．其中，前者是主要模态，以年际振荡为主，而后者则是次要模态，以季节振荡为主．进一步分析发现，南海中部的SST存在着显著的年际和年代际变化，并在1981年前后发生了一次由低到高的气候转变，而且南海中部SST的长期变化趋势非常明显，在1950—2006年间增温0．92℃．相关和合成分析表明，南海SST的年际和长期变化可能是由南海上空的经向风异常和西太平洋副热带高压的纬向变动引起的． 相似文献
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利用1951—2015年NOAA气候预测中心的SST扩展重建资料（ERSST V3b）、国家气候中心提供的我国160站月降水量资料、美国国家环境预报中心/大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）提供的各气压层的水平风速、垂直速度和比湿资料,研究了印度洋不同海温模态对两类厄尔尼诺事件与我国南方秋季降水关系的影响。结果表明,虽然东部型（中部型）厄尔尼诺年秋季我国长江以南地区降水偏多（少）,但当东部型厄尔尼诺与印度洋正偶极子同时发生年秋季,我国长江以南地区降水偏多的程度显著提高;当中部型厄尔尼诺与印度洋正偶极子同时发生年秋季,我国西南地区降水转为偏多,其他南方地区降水仍然偏少;当中部型厄尔尼诺与印度洋一致增暖型海温同时发生年秋季,我国整个长江以南地区降水偏少,且偏少的幅度要显著高于不考虑印度洋海温异常的情况。此外还对印度洋不同海温模态对两类厄尔尼诺事件与我国南方秋季降水关系的影响的环流成因进行了分析。 相似文献
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热带西太平洋、印度洋表层水温的变异特性及其对南极冰面积变化的响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用海洋表层水温资料（ＣＯＡＤＳ资料）,分析研究了对全球气候有重要影响的热带西太平洋、印度洋海洋表层水温的年变化和年际变化的特性,探讨了与ＥＮＳＯ和南极冰面积变化之间的联系。结果表明,热带西太平洋及印度洋表层水温具有明显的年变化和年际变化而且它们之间存在不同的变化趋势。这种结果是两大洋的水温振荡周期不同有较大关系。热带印度洋表层水温的年际变化与Ｅ１ Ｎｉ￣／ｎｏ和Ｌａ Ｎｉ￣／ｎａ的发生年份存在较 相似文献
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有关热带太平洋的海洋学和气象学近年来已列为理论和“诊断”研究的课题之中。从事这方面的大量工作是探讨埃尔尼诺和南方涛动(SO)相互作用的复杂机理问题。本文着重讨论南方涛动与北太平洋海温相关场的时滞关系以及它们的时空变化,表明在不同海域、不同季节中都存在较大的差异。 相似文献
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渤海冬季海冰反照率变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
渤海海冰对于大尺度气候变化比较敏感,基于CLARA-A1-SAL数据分析了1992~2008年冬季（12、1、2月）渤海海冰区域反照率的时空变化,同时分析了海冰密集度、海冰外延线面积和海水表面温度的变化与海冰反照率的相互关系。渤海海冰区域反照率随时间波动变化且变化趋势不明显,趋势线斜率仅为0.0388%。年际变化在9.93%~14.5%之间,平均值为11.79%。海冰反照率在1999,2000和2005等重冰年的值明显高于其他年份,在1994,1998,2001和2006等轻冰年的值较低。从单个月份反照率来看,12月海冰反照率的增加趋势（趋势线斜率0.0988%）明显高于1月和2月,1月的海冰反照率平均值（12.9%）高于另外两个月份。海冰反照率和海冰密集度呈明显的正相关关系;和海表面温度呈负相关关系（显著性水平90%）。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(10-11):1323-1338
Gridded fields of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), and wind speed were used in combination with data for the atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 and an empirical relationship between measured values of the fugacity of carbon dioxide in surface water and SST, to calculate the air–sea CO2 flux in the northern North Atlantic. The flux was calculated for each of the months October–March, in the time period 1981 until 2001, allowing for an assessment of the interannual variations in the region. Locally and on a monthly time scale, the interannual variability of the flux could be as high as ±100% in regions seasonally covered by sea ice. However, in open-ocean areas the variability was normally between ±20% and ±40%. The interannual variability was found to be approximately halved when fluxes averaged over each winter season were compared. Summarised over the whole northern North Atlantic, the air to sea carbon flux over winter totalled 0.08 Gton, with an interannual variability of about ±7%. On a monthly basis the interannual variations were slightly higher, about ±8% to ±13%. Changes in wind speed and atmospheric fCO2 (the latter directly related to SLP variations) accounted for most of the interannual variations of the computed air–sea CO2 fluxes. A tendency for increasing CO2 flux into the ocean with increasing values of the NAO index was identified. 相似文献
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A. B. Polonsky 《Physical Oceanography》1995,6(6):457-463
This paper provides calculations and an interpretation of the mean annual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the characteristics of the SST annual harmonic in the equatorial Pacific Ocean from April 1991 to February 1993, using data provided by the Russian Hydrometeorological Centre (RHC) and the US National Meteorological Centre (NMC). The magnitude of the mean annual anomalies and the SST annual harmonic amplitude in typical El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) regions, as derived from the RHC data set, are shown to be smaller than their NMC data-based counterparts, due to the considerable spatial smoothing of the original data provided by the RHC. However, in terms of quality, the two data sets agree well with one another, and quantitative discrepancies are rarely larger than the standard error of mean monthly SST determination.Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
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海面温度变化影响台风"海棠"强度的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对台风"海棠"5 d的数值模拟,研究海表温度(SST)变化对台风强度的影响。与NCEP月平均海表温度相对比,在中尺度大气模式中引入热带测雨卫星(TRMM)微波成像仪(TMI)/先进微波扫描辐射计(AMSR-E)来考察SST对台风"海棠"路径和强度的影响。研究结果表明,每天变化SST的试验模拟的台风强度和路径整体效果不错;模拟的台风路径不敏感于SST的变化,而台风强度的变化不仅取决于由于台风移动引发的SST冷却的幅度大小,而且取决于SST冷却区域的相对位置。在台风"海棠"强烈发展过程中,台风中心右侧冷却区对台风中心气压影响很小;台风强烈发展过后,SST冷却区开始影响台风强度,但造成台风中心气压下降幅度不大,6 h内台风中心气压减弱约3.9 hPa。海面热量通量和海面风速与SST的分布都有良好的相关性:在SST变化为正值的暖水区,感热通量和潜热通量都是一个正的通量分布的极值区,并有风速极大值区域存在;在台风右侧相应的冷却区,则存在着负的通量异常和风速极小值区域。 相似文献
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大西洋海表温度异常与中国东北地区夏季降水的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1950～1992年全球海温月平均(2°×2°)和NCAR/NCEP提供的1950～1997年全球500hPa月平均高度场(2.5°×2.5°)资料，分析了大西洋海表温度异常的特征及其与中国东北地区夏季降水的关系。结果指出北大西洋冬季海表温度经验正交展开的第二特征向量表明，海表温度的距平分布有南北差异的异常特征；其中心位置和中国东北地区夏季降水与冬季大西洋海表温度相关显著区中心基本重合北大西洋冬季海表温度出现南暖北冷异常时，同期北大西洋中高纬度地区的阻塞形势偏强，与之相对称的北太平洋北部的阻塞高压也偏强，对应来年夏季东亚西风环流指数偏低，造成东北区夏季降水偏多；反之亦然。 相似文献
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In this study, we used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and surface
air temperature (SAT) data during 1982–1994 and the National Center for Atmospheric Research surface wind stress curl data
during 1982–1989 to investigate the Japan Sea SST temporal and spatial variabilities and their relations to atmospheric forcing.
First, we found an asymmetry in the correlation coefficients between SST and wind stress curl, which implies that the SST
variability at the scales of the order of one month is largely due to atmospheric forcing. Second, we performed three analyses
on the data fields: annual mean, composite analysis to obtain the monthly anomaly relative to the annual mean, and empirical
orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the residue data relative to the summation of the annual mean and the monthly anomaly.
The first EOF mode of SST accounts for 59.9% of the variance and represents the Subpolar Front. The temporal variation of
the first EOF mode implies that the deep Japan Sea could be cooler in cold seasons (November–April) of 1984–1987. Third, we
computed cross-correlation coefficients among various principal components and found that the atmospheric warming/cooling
is the key factor causing intra-seasonal and interannual SST variabilities. 相似文献
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使用卫星测高、海表温度以及中国沿海台站水位等数据，分析研究了ENSO对中国近海海平面影响的区域特征。结果表明:（1）赤道东太平洋海表温度与我国近海海平面存在显著的遥相关关系。相关系数自北至南呈梯度递增，分为3个影响明显的区域，分别是渤、黄海、东海和南海海域。南海海平面异常与赤道东太平洋区域的海表温度异常相关性最强，大部分区域的相关系数超过了0.6；东海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数弱于南海，强于渤、黄海，大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.4；渤、黄海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数最弱，但是大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.3，通过了显著性检验。（2）中国沿海海平面的季节变化与ENSO有明显的相关关系，且影响范围具有明显的区域特征，以长江口和台湾海峡为分界线分为长江口以北、长江口到台湾海峡以及台湾海峡以南3个区域。海平面的年振幅在厄尔尼诺年均出现偏低的现象，并且年振幅的极小值均出现在厄尔尼诺年。另外，海平面的年振幅对厄尔尼诺事件的响应与其强弱有关，在强厄尔尼诺事件中，响应区域和幅度较大，弱事件中，响应区域和幅度偏小。（3）南海、东海和渤、黄海这3个区域沿海的海平面变化均存在4~7 a的显著振荡周期，说明这3个区域的海平面均受ENSO的影响。其中，南海7 a周期的振荡幅度最大，约为1.5 cm；东海7 a周期的振荡幅度次之，约为1.3 cm；渤、黄海6 a周期的振荡幅度最小，不到1 cm。 相似文献
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本文利用1951～1987年286个网格点太平洋月平均海温场及500hPa月平均位势高度场,分析了春季西北太平洋（不含南海）热带气旋与海温场和大气环流的关系。结果表明:前期太平洋海温场与春季热带气旋生成数有显著的相关,并以前一年夏季和前期冬季更为明显。影响春季热带气旋生成的太平洋海温场主要有两个关键区,一个位于赤道东太平洋,为负相关:一个位于北太平洋中部,为正相关。文中还从海温对大气环流影响的角度出发,分析了春季热带气旋活动特多年与特少年前期及同期500hPa大气环流的特征及两者之间的差异。最后利用逐步回归方法作了春季西北太平洋热带气旋长期趋势预报。 相似文献
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东亚冬季风异常对西北太平洋海温的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用1950—1998年的月平均海温资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均大气环流再分析资料,研究了东亚冬季风的异常对西北太平洋海温的作用过程。结果表明,南海—台湾附近海域—日本南部以南海域(简称东亚邻海)是海-气热通量异常的显著区。弱东亚冬季风在东亚邻海有偏南风距平,抑制相应海域海-气界面上由海表向大气释放的热通量,从而使得海表温度出现正距平。强冬季风则反之。这种大气-热通量-海温的异常影响过程所需的响应时间约为1个月。东亚邻海冬季发生的海温异常可持续到下一年的夏季。 相似文献
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Assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhu LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):109-113
HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water detection.In this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of National Data of Buoy Center（NDBC） mooring and Argo buoy.The validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 C.The comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind speed.Then,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring measurements.Based on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement. 相似文献
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中国近海沿岸海温多时间尺度变率及影响其变化的天气气候因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过对中国近海13个海洋站1959年～2003年逐日日平均海表温度及其相关数据的处理分析,结合中国近海多年逐日天气实况,研究了中国近海水温的短时（1d）、过程、旬、月、年际变率以及海温的长期趋势变化,并在此基础上详细讨论了影响中国近海各时间尺度水温变化的天气气候因素. 相似文献
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Relation between sea surface temperature anomaly in the Atlantic and summer precipitation over the Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 IwrRoDUcrIowln recen l00 years. mateorolQgi8ts have paid mu0h aneation to impact of ocean onlong-range weather process. Because fram view POillt of space and tAne scale condition,ocean is one of very important phySical factor for the evolotion of thespheric circulation.The scientific research cooperation grOup (l979) first found that SST in the equatorialeastern Pacific reversely correlates with summer tempendre aver Nowheast China. Pan etal (1981) discussed re1atfon between heating of… 相似文献