共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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“海洋六号”综合调查船先后于2011、2012年,利用EM122多波束测深系统在马里亚纳海沟最深海域“挑战者深渊”进行了全覆盖水深测量,获得了区域内详细的海底地形资料,揭示了马里亚纳海沟在区内呈近东西向延伸以及海沟两侧斜坡地形迥异、不对称的特点,南北两侧不同的地形地貌特征反映了马里亚纳海沟形成过程中两侧不同的次生构造活动影响.“挑战者深渊”区内有西部、中部和东部3个洼地,其中,西部洼地较深,其中心位置(142°12.14′E,11°19.92′N)水深10 917 m,是马里亚纳海沟的最深点. 相似文献
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通过对西太平洋雅浦海沟不同水深沉积物中总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、碳稳定同位素（δ13C）、粒度组成和比表面积（SSA）等参数的分析，探讨了雅浦海沟不同水深沉积颗粒物来源、分布及其影响因素的异同。结果表明，雅浦海沟沉积物TOC含量和δ13C平均值分别为（0.34%±0.14%）和（-20.8‰±0.7‰），其中海洋浮游植物、陆源土壤和维管植物来源有机碳（OC）的贡献分别为（70%±3%）、（22%±3%）和（8%±2%），且不同水深差异不大，海沟内沉积物的横向输运可能是深部沉积OC的重要输入途径。由于水深更深站位沉积颗粒物中具有更强的微生物活动和在水柱中更长的保留时间，导致其TOC和TN含量较低，但δ13C无明显差异。水深较浅站位TN含量、SSA、粒径组成和中值粒径等参数垂向变化波动较更深站位更为显著，表明海沟沟壁水深较浅处物源输入和沉积环境的不稳定。同时，由于低OC含量、低SSA以及高密度的海底火山喷出岩在海沟水深较浅的沟壁坡折处的广泛分布，导致该区域粒径组成与TOC含量无显著相关性，而较深站位中TOC含量与粉砂呈正相关，与砂和黏土含量呈负相关。整体而言，雅浦海沟沉积物中粉砂粒级颗粒物是OC的主要载体，而SSA是影响海沟沉积OC剖面分布的最重要因素。 相似文献
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琉球海沟构造地貌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琉球海沟位于西北太平洋,与琉球岛弧和冲绳海槽同属于一个沟弧盆体系。它紧贴琉球岛弧东侧,与琉球岛弧平行延伸,长约１３５０ｋｍ,水深５０００～６０００ｍ,最大水深７８８１ｍ。其地貌明显地受构造因素控制。中新世以来,西北菲律宾海板块插入亚洲板块之下,琉球岛弧隆起,形成不对称的“Ｖ”型深海沟。海沟西坡（岛坡）陡,并受众多的横断裂切割,坡上有众多的北西—南东向的海底沟谷,还有北东—南西向的陡崖。坡间水深１５００～４０００ｍ之间为宽阔的由玄武岩质火山岩构成的阶地面,其上有浊流沉积。岛坡经多个陡崖,急倾至海沟底。东坡（洋坡）缓,是西北菲律宾海板块向琉球岛弧下插的一边,与大洋盆地相连。海沟的轴部是菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块俯冲会聚边界。由于断裂的割切,致使海沟底地貌复杂化。只在琉球海沟的中段,海沟深度超过６０００～７０００ｍ处深海沟构造地貌特征最为典型。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海域首次开展了综合地球物理调查,并同步采集了重磁震及多波束、浅地层剖面等数据,主要利用采集的多道地震剖面及多波束数据研究了雅浦俯冲带主要构造单元的地貌及沉积地层结构特征,并进一步探讨了加罗林洋脊俯冲作用下的构造特征。研究表明弧后的帕里西维拉盆地为区域沉积中心,最厚处可能发育近千米沉积层,而雅浦海沟内未发育明显水平沉积,以俯冲侵蚀作用为主;加罗林俯冲板片之上的加罗林洋脊因其特殊的地形地貌改造了俯冲带的构造发育特征,可能造成了岛弧岩浆作用的南、北部差异;揭示了雅浦海沟北段的地貌及地质结构细节特征,认为加罗林洋脊的高地形可能导致了海沟附近的俯冲板片更大的挠曲拉张量,从而形成垒堑构造带;为索罗尔海槽的盆地张裂结构提供了多道地震剖面证据,并推测了海槽的形成年代。 相似文献
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为研究超深渊海参肠道微生物多样性,了解其所在沉积环境的物质循环特征,利用MiSeq高通量测序技术,对雅浦海沟海参肠道微生物16S rDNA的V3-V4和V4-V5可变区基因序列进行了扩增,并与近岸养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道微生物的多样性和组成进行比较。实验结果显示,与养殖刺参比雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌的多样性(辛普森指数和Chao1指数)和丰富度(ACE指数和香农指数)均较低;雅浦海沟海参肠道细菌主要包括γ-变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria,34.1%)、α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria,16.0%)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes,24.0%),古菌主要由奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota,98.8%)组成;雅浦海沟海参肠道中,化能自养的氨氧化古菌亚硝化侏儒菌属(Nitrosopumilus)相对丰度达95.6%,甲基营养的硝酸盐还原菌(Methylotenera)相对丰度为10.6%;而养殖海参肠道中硫酸盐还原菌(28.1%)和硫氧化菌硫卵形菌属(Sulfurovum,13.7%)的相对丰度较高。16S rDNA基因序列的系统进化分析结果表明,亚硝化侏儒菌与超深渊沉积环境中奇古菌门亲缘关系最近,且遵循氨氧化古菌从陆地到深海进化的理论;雅浦海沟海参和养殖海参的肠道微生物组成差异可能反映了超深渊和近海沉积环境中氮循环、硫循环特征。本研究可以为揭示超深渊物质循环和能量流动及生命演化提供参考。 相似文献
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雅浦沟-弧体系具有十分独特的地质特征,雅浦岛弧以变质岩为主,岛弧岩浆作用较为缺乏,同时雅浦沟-弧距离异常短,增生楔缺失。在总结雅浦沟-弧系统及其邻区的地球化学、地球物理以及构造特征等证据的基础上,探讨了雅浦沟-弧系统的构造演化过程。雅浦岛上的变质基底具有相对较高的K_2O含量、高Ti含量以及较低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值,表明雅浦岛上的变质基底为帕里西维拉海盆洋壳的一部分。雅浦海沟东侧存在一块水深较深的三角形区域将雅浦岛弧与加罗林海岭间隔开来,地球物理特征显示该区域并没有受到加罗林热点的影响,说明加罗林海岭并没有与雅浦岛弧直接碰撞。结合帕里西维拉海盆在20～15 Ma的NE-SW向扩张以及与之相关的海盆东西两侧洋壳发生的左旋相对移动,推测雅浦海沟很可能是雅浦岛弧东侧的扩张中心暴露转变成的俯冲带,而雅浦海沟东侧的三角形区域则为俯冲板片重新暴露的结果。 相似文献
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雅浦海沟-岛弧构造体系是菲律宾海板块与太平洋板块、卡罗琳板块相互作用而形成的构造俯冲带,其南北两段俯冲带在海底地形地貌、地球物理场、应力场特征等方面表现出显著的差异。北段俯冲方向为近东西向,总体表现为俯冲角度较小、俯冲深度浅、俯冲速度较快、应力场呈俯冲拉张型等特征;南段由东西方向的俯冲过渡至北北西向,总体表现为俯冲角度大、俯冲深度较深、俯冲速度极慢、应力场呈俯冲挤压型等特征。这些差异的形成经历了2个主要的构造演化阶段:菲律宾海板块与太平洋板块在晚始新世至晚渐新世期间相互作用并形成了古马里亚纳-雅浦海沟;晚渐新世以来菲律宾海板块与卡罗琳板块的相互作用对古海沟构造改造,进而造就了雅浦海沟-岛弧当今复杂的构造形态。 相似文献
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菲律宾海周边的深海沟地貌 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
菲律宾海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,它处在东海、南海和太平洋之间,被周围的岛弧、海岭所围绕,在每个岛弧东坡或东南坡的坡脚都存有深海沟,菲律宾海就被其周边的深海沟所环绕。学者们对这些深海沟曾有过许多报道,本文依据前人的资料和本所的部分资料对这些深海沟作以下整体的研究。1 菲律宾海周边的深海沟菲律宾海周边的深海沟和海槽呈链状环绕着菲律宾海,它们是西南缘的菲律宾海沟,西北缘的琉球海沟,东至东南缘的伊豆-小笠原海沟、北马尼亚纳海沟(硫黄海沟)和马尼亚纳海沟,南缘的雅浦海沟和帛琉海沟。此外在西缘有北吕宋海槽,在北至西北缘有… 相似文献
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为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级，本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级，表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性，此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异，表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7），海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近，钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低，反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。 相似文献
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马里亚纳海沟“挑战者深渊”最深点水深探测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20112012年,海洋六号船采用EM122多波束测深系统在马里亚纳海沟最深海域"挑战者深渊"进行的多波束水深测量,通过对测深资料进行分析处理,获得了高精度海底地形图,揭示了马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊附近海底地形呈近东西向延伸,有西部、中部和东部三个洼地,它们由10800m等深线圈闭,长轴方向与海沟方向一致。洼地底部水深大于10900m,地形较为平坦。三个洼地最深区域分别由10916m、10904m和10915m等深线圈闭。三个洼地最大水深为10917m(误差小于20m),位于西部洼地内,中心位置为142°12.14'E,11°19.92'N。该处也是马里亚纳海沟最深点。 相似文献
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Swath bathymetric, sonar imagery and seismic reflection data collected during the SOPACMAPS cruise Leg 3 over segments of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament and adjacent areas provide new insights on the geometry and the stuctural evolution of this seismically inactive lineament. The Vitiaz Trench Lineament, although largely unknown, is one of the most important tectonic feature in the SW Pacific because it separates the Cretaceous crust of the Pacific Plate to the north from the Cenozoic lithosphere of the North Fiji and Lau Basins to the south. The lineament is considered to be the convergent plate boundary between the Pacific and Australian Plates during midde to late Tertiary time when the Vitiaz Arc was a continuous east-facing are from the Tonga to the Solomon Islands before the development of the North Fiji and Lau Basins. Progressive reversal and cessation of subduction from west to east in the Late Miocene-Lower Plioene have been also proposed. However, precise structures and age of initiation and cessation of deformation along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament are unknown.The lineament consists of the Vitiaz Trench and three discontinuous and elongated troughs (Alexa, Rotuma and Horne Troughs) which connect the Vitiaz Trench to the northern end of the Tonga Trench. Our survey of the Alexa and Rotuma Troughs reveals that the lineament is composed of a series of WNW-ESE and ENE-WSW trending segments in front of large volcanic massifs belonging to the Melanesian Border Plateau, a WNW trending volcanic belt of seamounts and ridges on Pacific crust. The Plateau and Pacific plate lying immediately north of the lineament have been affected by intense normal faulting, collapse, and volcanism as evidenced by a series of tilted blocks, grabens, horsts and ridges trending N 120° to N100° and N60°–70°. This tectonism includes several normal faulting episodes, the latest being very recent and possibly still active. The trend of the fault scarps and volcanic ridges parallels the different segments of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament, suggesting that tectonics and volcanism are related to crustal motion along the lineament.Although the superficial observed features are mainly extensional, they are interpreted as the result of shortening along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament. The fabric north of the lineament would result from subduction-induced normal faulting on the outer wall of the trench and the zig-zag geometry of the Vitiaz Trench Lineament might be due to collision of large volcanic edifices of the Melanesian Border Plateau with the trench, provoking trench segmentation along left-lateral ENE-WSW trending transform zones. The newly acquired bathymetric and seismic data suggest that crustal motion (tectonism associated with volcanism) continued up to recent times along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament and was active during the development of the North Fiji Basin. 相似文献
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High-resolution multi-beam/single-beam bathymetric data and seismic profiling data from the latest surveys are used to map and interpret the detailed seafloor geomorphology of the western region of the North Yellow Sea (NYS), China. The mapping area covers 156 410 km2, and incorporates a flat shelf plain, subaqueous accumulation shoals, tidal scouring troughs, and tidal sand ridge groups. Offshore areas with water depths less than 50 m in the western region of the NYS are mainly covered by thick, loose sediments, forming wide spread accumulation geomorphological features; these include the Liaodong Peninsula subaqueous accumulation system containing shoals and rugged scouring troughs, and the large mud wedge of the Shandong Peninsula. In the central part of the NYS, there is a relatively flat residual shelf plain with coarser sediment deposits. This flat shelf plain has a water depth larger than 50 m and a thin layer of sediment, on which there is a large pockmark field caused by seafloor seepage. These geomorphological structures indicate that modern sedimentary processes are the main driving force controlling the sculpture of the current seafloor surface landform. Extensive strong tidal current systems and abundant sediment sources provide the critical external forces and essential conditions for the formation of seafloor geomorphology. The tectonic basement controls the macroscopic morphological shape of the NYS, but is reflected very little in the seafloor geomorphic elements. Our results provide a detailed seafloor geomorphological map of the western region of the NYS, an area that has not previously mapped and also provide a scientific framework for further research into offshore seafloor geomorphology, shelf sedimentary processes, and submarine engineering construction in this region. 相似文献
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Bathymetry of the Tonga Trench and Forearc: a map series 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wright Dawn J. Bloomer Sherman H. MacLeod Christopher J. Taylor Brian Goodlife Andrew M. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2000,21(5):489-512
Four new bathymetric maps of the Tonga Trench and forearc between 14 °S and 27 °S display the important morphologic and structural features of this dynamic convergent margin. The maps document a number of important geologic features of the margin. Major normal faults and fault lineaments on the Tonga platform can be traced along and across the upper trench slope. Numerous submarine canyons incised in the landward slope of the trench mark the pathways of sediment transport from the platform to mid- and lower-slope basins. Discontinuities in the trench axis and changes in the morphology of the landward slope can be clearly documented and may be associated with the passage and subduction of the Louisville Ridge and other structures on the subducting Pacific Plate. Changes in the morphology of the forearc as convergence changes from normal in the south to highly-oblique in the north are clearly documented. The bathymetric compilations, gridded at 500- and 200-m resolutions and extending along 500 km of the landward trench slope and axis, provide complete coverage of the outer forearc from the latitude of the Louisville Ridge-Tonga Trench collision to the northern terminus of the Tonga Ridge. These maps should serve as a valuable reference for other sea-going programs in the region, particularly the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and the National Science Foundation MARGINS initiative. 相似文献
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台湾岛西南海域福尔摩沙海脊冷泉区地形地貌特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用水深数据和ROV近海底影像资料,对福尔摩沙海脊冷泉区的海底地形地貌和冷泉系统的海底表征进行了描述和分析,并讨论了二者之间的响应关系。结果表明,相对于船载多波束数据而言,近海底多波束测深系统所获得的数据能更高精度地反映冷泉区海底地形地貌特征,是研究冷泉系统不可或缺的基础资料。基于ROV近海底观测影像资料,福尔摩沙海脊冷泉系统整体表现为局部被化能自养生物群落覆盖并有流体喷口零星分布的巨大自生碳酸盐岩岩丘,海底表征主要包括形态各异的自生碳酸盐岩结壳或岩体、化能自养生物群落、流体喷口、还原性沉积物等几种形式。研究表明,福尔摩沙海脊冷泉区的地形地貌特征与冷泉系统海底表征具有良好的响应关系,并且该区的地形地貌特征主要受控于出露于海底的自生碳酸盐岩的形态特征及规模。首次揭示了福尔摩沙海脊冷泉区地形地貌特征与其海底表征之间的响应关系,以期为后续的冷泉研究提供必要的背景资料支持。 相似文献
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Neslihan Ocako?lu 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(1):17-28
New (2009) multi-beam bathymetric and previously published seismic reflection data from the NE-SW-oriented Fethiye Bay and
the neighboring N-S-oriented Marmaris Bay off SW Anatolia were evaluated in order to interpret the seafloor morphology in
terms of the currently still active regional tectonic setting. This area lies between the Pliny Trench, which constitutes
the eastern sector of the subduction zone between the African and Eurasian plates in the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Fethiye-Burdur
Fault Zone of the Anatolian Plate. The bathymetric data document the very narrow shelf of the Anatolian coast, a submarine
plain between the island of Rhodes and Marmaris Bay, and a large canyon connecting the abyssal floor of the Rhodes Basin with
Fethiye Bay. The latter are here referred to as the Marmaris Plain and Fethiye Canyon, respectively. Several active and inactive
faults have been identified. Inactive faults (faults f1) delineate a buried basin beneath the Marmaris Plain, here referred
to as the Marmaris Basin. Other faults that affect all stratigraphic units are interpreted as being active. Of these, the
NE-SW-oriented Marmaris Fault Zone located on the Marmaris Plain is interpreted as a transtensional fault zone in the seismic
and bathymetric data. The transtensional character of this fault zone and associated normal faults (faults f3) on the Marmaris
Plain correlates well with the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone on land. Another important fault zone (f4) occurs along the Fethiye
Canyon, forming the northeastern extension of the Pliny Trench. The transpressional character of faults f4 inferred from the
seismic data is well correlated with the compressional structures along the Pliny Trench in the Rhodes Basin and its vicinity.
These observations suggest that the Marmaris Fault Zone and faults f3 have evolved independently of faults f4. The evidence
for this missing link between the Pliny Trench and the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone implies possible kinematic problems in this
tectonic zone that deserve further detailed studies. Notably, several active channels and submarine landslides interpreted
as having been triggered by ongoing faulting attest to substantial present-day sediment transport from the coast into the
Rhodes Basin. 相似文献
18.
通过对西太平洋帕里西维拉海盆东南部的C-P19柱状样和马里亚纳海沟南坡的L3柱状样进行粒度和稀土元素地球化学分析,探讨了二者物源的异同。结果表明:研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量基本不受沉积物粒度控制,主要受控于物源变化。物源判别结果指示二者的物源具有同源性,其中西马里亚纳海脊剥蚀下来的火山物质对研究区的物质来源贡献最大。火山物质中的重矿物可以影响到稀土元素的含量,例如锆石的含量和稀土元素总量(ΣREY)的相关系数可达0.86。来自中国内陆黄土的陆源风尘物质对两个研究区的物源供给也有一定贡献,但其贡献程度较小。由于马里亚纳海沟南坡更加远离大陆且纬度更低,其接受的亚洲风尘也比帕里西维拉海盆和挑战者深渊更少。此外,南极底层水流经研究区,对海盆和海沟的沉积物都造成一定影响,而且在马里亚纳海沟南坡更加活跃,因而帕里西维拉海盆东南部的沉积物比马里亚纳海沟南坡更易于保存。 相似文献
19.
卡罗琳M4平顶海山位于卡罗琳海脊与马里亚纳海沟交界处,对其地貌与地质过程的研究有利于深入理解地球动力及环境背景与该地区海山演化的关系。基于“科学”号实测的全覆盖多波束水深数据与“发现”号遥控无人潜水器(remote operated vehicle, ROV)多次下潜获取的近海底影像资料,描述了卡罗琳M4平顶海山及附近区域的地形地貌特征,并对影响海山演化的主要地质过程进行了分析。线性喷发中心等火山地貌指示了研究区内沿线性喷口的裂隙式喷发活动。“C”字型的弯曲形态与陡崖说明山顶平台边缘经历过多次崩塌与破坏,滑坡痕与沉积块体/碎屑组成了块体搬运体系,并在中下段斜坡转变为浊流形成冲沟与水道。M4海山顶部还发育有较为完整的残留环礁地貌,其被淹没的机制可能是由于上升流输入的丰富营养物质影响了底栖环境的光照,从而抑制了珊瑚生长。 相似文献