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1.
A multiple biomarker approach was adopted in a seasonal study carried out in the Lagoon of Venice, with the double aim of evaluating the natural and anthropic stresses influencing the biological responses of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and of assessing the effects due to spatial rather than temporal variations. Biochemical (aldehyde dehydrogenase and catalase activities), cellular (neutral red retention time) and physiological (survival in air and condition index) biomarkers were determined in mussels collected in four differently impacted lagoon areas. Multivariate analysis showed that samples were distributed mainly according to temperature and four seasonal groups were identified. The combination of spatial and temporal information enabled us to distinguish physiological variations due to natural causes from those due to anthropic stress, and to identify the sampling period when several biomarkers are less influenced by both natural and endogenous factors. 相似文献
2.
东海溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)有四个主要外部来源,包括黑潮、台湾海峡、河流径流和大气沉降。为探究它们的共同作用对东海浮游植物时空变化带来的多重影响,利用添加分源模块的物理-生态耦合模型分析了东海表层不同来源DIN支持的浮游植物(以叶绿素a浓度chlorophylla,chla表征)季节变化与空间分布以及它们之间的响应关系,从而评估多源营养盐对东海陆架表层浮游植物的影响。各来源DIN支持的chl a浓度中,黑潮来源和河流径流来源先后占据主导地位,且除了河流径流来源chl a,其余三种来源chl a季节变化均呈双峰结构。不同来源chl a空间分布特征存在季节变化差异,并且各来源chl a在东海陆架不同季节存在不同的主导区域,这与不同来源DIN供给的物理过程,如环流、混合、层化以及温度变化等密切相关。研究不同来源营养盐对东海浮游植物的影响对理解多重压力下东海生态系统变化有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
Induction of cytochrome P4501A in fish is a well-known indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and determination of PAH metabolites in bile by fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) or synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), has become an useful method in monitoring programs. In this work the relationship between cytochrome P4501A (EROD activity) and levels of biliary PAH metabolites was measured in the European eel Anguilla anguilla, in both field and laboratory conditions: organisms were sampled on a seasonal basis from the Orbetello lagoon (Tuscany) to characterize the natural variability of these biological parameters, while in laboratory eels were intraperitoneally injected with benzo[a]pyrene to investigate temporal and dose-dependent induction patterns. Results showed that induction of cytochrome P450 and accumulation of PAHs metabolites in bile are not necessarily correlated either in field, or in laboratory investigations; different seasonal changes were measured in natural conditions and slight variations in dose and time response patterns were also obtained in laboratory exposures. 相似文献
4.
Seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest of the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) Cold Water Mass 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Samples were collected with a plankton net in the four seasonal cruises during 2006-2007 to study the seasonal variability of the zooplankton community in the southwest part of Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass (HSCWM, Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass). The spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton species composition, biomass, abundance and biodiversity were examined. A total of 122 zooplankton species and 30 pelagic larvae were identified in the four cruises. Calanus sinicus and Aidanosagitta crassa were the most dominant species, and Themisto gaudichaudi and Euphausia pacifica were widely distributed in the HSCWM area. The spatial patterns of non-gelatinous zooplankton (removing the high water content groups) were similar to those of the total zooplankton biomass in autumn, but different significantly in the other three seasons. The seasonal means of zooplankton biomass in spring and summer were much higher than that in autumn and winter. The total zooplankton abundance averaged 283.5 ind./m~3 in spring (highest), 192.5 ind./m~3 in summer, 165.5 ind./m~3 in autumn and 65.9 ind./m~3 in winter (lowest), and the non-gelatinous groups contributed the most total abundance. Correlation analysis suggests that the non-gelatinous zooplankton biomass and abundance had a significant positive correlation in the whole year, but the relationship was insignificant between the total zooplankton biomass and abundance in spring and summer. The diversity index H of zooplankton community averaged 1.88 in this study, which was somewhat higher than historical results. Relatively low diversity in summer was related to the high dominance of Calanus sinicus, probably due to the strongest effect of the HSCWM in this season. 相似文献
5.
基于2016?2017年4个季节航次数据,分析了湛江湾真光层深度与初级生产力的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明,湛江湾真光层深度平均值为（6.95±3.17）m,空间变化比季节变化明显,Kd(PAR)与浊度存在显著的正相关关系,建立的线性回归模型R2为0.73（p<0.01）,表明悬浮颗粒物对湛江湾真光层深度的影响占主导地位。利用VGPM模型得到初级生产力（以碳计）的平均值为（639.53±427.95）mg/(m2·d),其时空特征与真光层深度基本保持一致,真光层深度比叶绿素a浓度更能解释初级生产力的时空分布模式。 相似文献
6.
Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration has an important economic effect in coastal and marine environments on fisheries resources and marine aquaculture development. Monthly climatologies the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) derived chl-a from February 1998 to August 2004 around Funka Bay were used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of chl-a concentrations. SeaWiFS-derived suspended sediment, MODIS derived sea surface temperature (SST), solar radiation and wind data were also analyzed. Results showed two distinct chlorophyll blooms in spring and autumn. Chl-a concentrations were relatively low (<0.3 mg m−3) in the bay during summer, with high concentrations occurring along the coast, particularly near Yakumo and Shiraoi. In spring, chl-a concentrations increased, and a large (>2 mg m−3) phytoplankton bloom occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns were further confirmed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. About 83.94% of the variability could be explained by the first three modes. The first chl-a mode (77.93% of the total variance) explained the general seasonal cycle and quantified interannual variability in the bay. The spring condition was explained by the second mode (3.89% of the total variance), while the third mode (2.12% of the total variance) was associated with autumn condition. Local forcing such as the timing of intrusion of Oyashio water, wind condition and surface heating are the mechanisms that controlled the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll concentrations. Moreover, the variation of chlorophyll concentration along the coast seemed to be influenced by suspended sediment caused by resuspension or river discharge. 相似文献
7.
Macroalgae are useful organisms to monitor the environmental quality and to detect impacts due to anthropogenic activities. However, it is very important to identify the scales of variation in natural assemblages, particularly for the detection of environmental impacts. Otherwise, changes due to anthropogenic impacts may be confused with differences due to natural temporal variability. Another important task is to determine the appropriate level of taxonomical effort needed to detect changes in the assemblage structure. Many taxonomical surrogates, at higher taxonomic levels than that of species, have been proposed but, the consistence in space and time of the results produced by surrogates with those obtained at specific level should be tested. The objectives of this study are to identify the seasonal patterns of tidepool macroalgal communities using objective procedures and to test the consistence between the patterns obtained considering data at the species level and functional groups. Results showed that the seasonal pattern obtained using functional groups and species was consistent. Tidepool macroalgal assemblages showed a seasonal pattern with significant differences between spring–summer and autumn–winter. This pattern can be explained by changes in environmental variables and the seasonal development of the dominating species. Ulva spp. and the non-indigenous species Grateloupia turuturu were the species responsible for this pattern due to their high seasonality in terms of biomass. Finally, the abundance and species diversity within the corticated functional group was proposed as indicator of environmental impacts due to its relatively constant abundance and its sensitivity to environmental impacts. 相似文献
8.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
9.
The seasonal occurrence and reproductive strategy of the nemertean Tetrastemma fozensis, which inhabits the mantle cavity of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana, was studied through the analysis of the temporal diversity of a T. fozensis population. Bimonthly sampling was carried out from February 2001 to January 2002 at mudflats of Villaviciosa estuary (Asturias, Northern Spain). Nemerteans were found throughout the study period, but variations in their abundance were detected, with a maximum during winter months and a minimum during summer months. Moreover, variations in mean size of nemerteans were found, with maximal sizes at the end of the spring and the beginning of the summer and minimum size at early autumn. The annual variations in population parameters (decrease in abundance and complete disappearance of large individuals in summer) suggest that T. fozensis has a distinct reproductive season and a semelparous reproductive strategy. 相似文献
10.
应用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对翅碱蓬-根际沉积物系统常见重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)总量和不同化学形态含量进行了季节跟踪测定。结果表明,系统中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd环境化学行为呈现显著季节变化。从化学形态上看,根际沉积物中Cu和Pb在生理周期内均以残渣态为主,有机结合态在夏季和秋季达较高值。Zn在生理周期内均以交换态为主且随季节变化明显,碳酸结合态和铁锰结合态随季节变化不明显。Cd以残渣态为主,交换态在春季达最高。从总量上看,根际沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb的总量在夏季和秋季具有较高值。从系统迁移情况看,植物对Cu和Pb吸收量均为冬季春季秋季夏季,且大部分限制于地下;其体内分布除秋季Pb为根叶茎外,其它时期均为根茎叶。Zn吸收量为秋季夏季冬季春季,且绝大部分被吸收至地上。Zn吸收和分布取决于根际沉积物生物有效含量;总之,春季植物体重金属向根际沉积物迁移。夏季和秋季,Cu、Pb和Cd由根际沉积物向植物体迁移变化并不明显,而Zn正好相反。4种元素在冬季均为根际沉积物向植物体内迁移。 相似文献
11.
The invasive green alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea represents an important threat to the diversity of Mediterranean benthic coastal ecosystems by interfering with native species and modifying benthic assemblages. The present study deals, for the first time, with the temporal and spatial variability of the biomass and phenology of C. racemosa considering both deep- and shallow-water populations. Two sampling depths (30 and 10 m) were sampled at three different rocky bottom sites every 3 months in the Archipelago of Cabrera National Park (Western Mediterranean). All morphometric variables analysed showed a spatial variation and temporal patterns depending on depth. Between depths, C. racemosa biomass, stolon length, number of fronds and frond length were usually significantly higher at deep-water populations, suggesting that C. racemosa grows better in deep-waters. Deep- and shallow-water populations displayed a high temporal variation although no evidence of seasonal patterns was found, in contrast with what has been reported by other authors. The sources of this variability are still unknown but probably both physical factors and differential herbivory pressures display a key role. 相似文献
12.
以深圳沿岸海域为研究区,以MODIS/AQUA卫星遥感产品为数据源,结合实测浮标数据修正了VGPM中叶绿素a含量的估算进而分析深圳沿岸海域净初级生产力的时空分布规律.研究表明:(1)深圳沿岸海域2014年2、5、8、10月的净初级生产力在空间分布上从近海向外逐渐降低,初级生产力整体呈现出"西高东低"的局面,且未有明显的季节性波动.(2)4个海区的叶绿素a含量均表现为夏季最高秋冬季次之,但各海区主要影响因素不同,珠江口主要受季风造成的浮游植物种类与细胞密度的季节变化影响,大亚湾主要受营养盐限制,大鹏湾的主导因素为湾内余流的季节变化,深圳湾的叶绿素a含量主要与浮游植物细胞密度的季节变化有关.(3)珠江口的初级生产力春夏季高于秋冬季;大鹏湾的初级生产力夏季最高,且季节变化趋势与叶绿素a表现一致;深圳湾的初级生产力夏季最高,且季节变化趋势与海表温度表现一致;大亚湾的初级生产力波动明显,夏冬季海洋初级生产力数值总体高于春秋季. 相似文献
13.
Nutrient dynamics and seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages in a Southern European Estuary: Ria de Aveiro, Portugal 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
C.B. Lopes A.I. Lilleb J.M. Dias E. Pereira C. Vale A.C. Duarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):480-490
The spatial and temporal dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved phosphate, dissolved silica and chlorophyll a were measured seasonally at eight stations in the Ria de Aveiro. Between December 2000 and September 2001, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages, inferred after the spatial and seasonal variation of silica and of chlorophyll a concentrations, showed that diatoms (μmol Si L−1) dominated from late autumn until early spring, while chlorophytes (μg Chl a L−1) bloomed during late spring and summer. The Si:N:P ratios and Si concentrations indicated no seasonal depletion in dissolved silica, as in other temperate systems, possibly because of abnormal precipitation and flood events prolonging the supply of dissolved Si to the system. The Si:N:P ratios suggested P limitation at the system level. Despite the relative proportions of available nutrients, the mean phosphorus concentration (5.3 μmol L−1) was above the reported half-saturation constants for P uptake by phytoplankton. Thus, in Ria de Aveiro, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages may also be dependent on the grazing capacity of the pelagic community through top-down regulation. 相似文献
14.
本研究于2019年春、夏、秋季对福建省闽西南近岸海域海水营养盐和叶绿素a等环境因子进行调查采样,分析其时空分布特征,同时应用有机污染指数法和富营养化指数法2种评价方法对该海域海水富营养化水平进行评价对比,采用主成分分析法探讨环境因子对该海域富营养化状态的影响.结果显示,有机污染指数和富营养化指数的时空分布特征基本一致,季节上表现为春季>秋季>夏季;空间上呈各河入海口向远岸海域逐渐降低的趋势,内湾附近海域污染最严重;调查海域海水富营养化的主要影响因子是总氮和无机氮,且与盐度、pH和溶解氧呈显著的负相关,说明陆源径流对该海域海水的富营养化水平起着重要的调控作用. 相似文献
15.
Bocchetti R Lamberti CV Pisanelli B Razzetti EM Maggi C Catalano B Sesta G Martuccio G Gabellini M Regoli F 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):24-26
This work investigated the natural variability of several biomarkers in Tapes philippinarum and Mytilus galloprovincialis, sampled from Northern Adriatic where these organisms are important sentinel species for future environmental impact assessment. Levels of metallothioneins, peroxisomal enzymes and acetylcholinesterase, showed a significant seasonality and marked differences between clams and mussels. Among antioxidant enzymes, catalase and GST decreased during the warmer period, the latter enzyme activity resulting particularly high in clams. The total oxyradical scavenging capacity toward peroxyl radicals decreased in mussels from winter to summer, indicating a prooxidant challenge due to higher seawater temperature and intensity of light irradiance. Lysosomal membrane stability did not exhibit significant seasonal variations, while some variations were observed for DNA damages. Overall results indicated a significant influence of seasonal variability on several biomarkers and species-specific differences which should be considered to discriminate the appearance of anthropogenic disturbance. 相似文献
16.
Variability of Sea Surface Circulation in the Japan Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Composite sea surface dynamic heights (CSSDH) are calculated from both sea surface dynamic heights that are derived from altimetric data of ERS-2 and mean sea surface that is calculated by a numerical model. The CSSDH are consistent with sea surface temperature obtained by satellite and observed water temperature. Assuming the geostrophic balance, sea surface current velocities are calculated. It is found that temporal and spatial variations of sea surface circulation are considerably strong. In order to examine the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of current pattern, EOF analysis is carried out with use of the CSSDH for 3.5 years. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 1 indicate the strength or weakness of sea surface circulation over the entire Japan Sea associated with seasonal variation of volume transport through the Tsushima Strait. The spatial and temporal variations of mode 2 mostly indicate the temporal variation of the second branch of the Tsushima Warm Current and the East Korean Warm Current. It is suggested that this variation is possibly associated with the seasonal variation of volume transport through the west channel of the Tsushima Strait. Variations of mode 3 indicate the interannual variability in the Yamato Basin. 相似文献
17.
With its strong seasonal variation in wave climate and various bathymetric features due to the complex tectonics, the South China Sea (SCS) provides a natural laboratory to study the microseism. We collected data from seismic stations around the SCS and calculated their noise spectra, through which seasonal and spatial variations of microseism, as well as the general feature of seismic ambient noise in this marginal sea were revealed. Microseism seasonal variations in general reflect influences of the East Asian monsoon in winter and the Indian monsoon in summer, respectively. The two microseism components, the single frequency microseism (SFM) and the double frequency microseism (DFM), show striking alternating variation patterns both seasonally and spatially. These variation patterns, along with the bathymetric feature near the stations, indicate SFM and DFM are generated through different physical mechanisms. More interestingly, seasonal and spatial variations of DFM appear to be consistent with the basin-scale surface circulation model of the SCS, in which the upper SCS experiences cyclonic in winter and anti-cyclonic in summer. These consistencies provide observational evidence for the hypothesis that the cyclonic depression is a favorable condition to generate DFM. 相似文献
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(7):1101-1116
Hydrothermal vent mussels are exposed continually to toxic compounds, including high metal concentrations and other substances like dissolved sulphide, methane and natural radioactivity. Fluctuations in these parameters appear to be common because of the characteristic instability of the hydrothermal environment. Temporal variation in the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total glutathione peroxidases (Total GPx), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidases (Se-GPx)), metallothioneins and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the gills and mantle of the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez–Gwen hydrothermal vent site was evaluated and related to the accumulated metal concentrations (Ag, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the tissues. Maximum antioxidant enzyme activities in the gills were detected in the beginning of summer, followed by a gradual decrease throughout the following months. One year after, the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities were similar to those reported one year before. LPO in this tissue exhibited a similar temporal variation trend. A different pattern of temporal variation in antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in the mantle, with a gradual increase from summer to the end of autumn (November). LPO in the mantle exhibited an almost reverse trend of temporal variation to that of antioxidant enzyme activities in this tissue. Antioxidant defences in the gills of B. azoricus were significantly enhanced with increasing concentrations of Ag, Cu and Mn, while negative relationships between antioxidant enzymes and Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations in the mantle were observed, suggesting different pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and that these tissues responded differently to the metal accumulation. However, temporal variation in biomarkers of defence and damage were in general similar to coastal bivalve species and can be associated with temporal variations of the physiological status due to reproduction. These variations might also be linked to the highly unstable nature of the hydrothermal environment. 相似文献
19.
基于AVISO卫星高度计数据,采用小波分析和EOF分析方法,对1993—2015年东中国海海平面高度的时空变化进行分析,结合海水温度比容效应和ENSO过程探讨了海平面高度变化成因。东中国海海平面高度具有明显的季节变化,冬春季较低,夏秋季较高,且SSH极值滞后海水温度极值月份一个月出现。东中国海海平面高度整体为北低南高,由于海区水深和水文动力过程的影响,不同季节SSH空间分布区域性强。在23年间,海平面高度平均线性上升速率为2.82mm/a,具有1a、2.2a的特征变化周期。EOF分析三个主要模态依次反映了海水温度比容效应的季节变化、水动力过程的季节变化和ENSO事件的年际变化对东中国海海平面高度的影响。 相似文献
20.
Valrie David Benoît Sautour Pierre Chardy 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):429-442
The copepod Acartia tonsa appeared in Europe in the first half of the 20th century and colonized progressively European seas and estuaries, possibly transferred from North Atlantic Coast of America. It had been reported in the polyhaline area of the Gironde estuary for a long time but was first recorded in the oligo-mesohaline area in 1983. Its abundance has been increasing significantly. High abundances of A. tonsa were reported since 1999, supplanting the abundances of its autochthonous congeneric species, Acartia bifilosa. This colonization was characterized by analyzing the mean seasonal variability: (1) for three 5-year periods corresponding to three different steps of A. tonsa appearance (1978–1982, A. tonsa was absent; 1988–1992, low abundances of the species; and 1999–2003, high abundances of A. tonsa) in the oligo-mesohaline area and (2) for three stations distributed along the salinity gradient during the recent period. The aim of this work was to define if this colonization was due to natural or anthropogenic forcing and to evaluate its possible impact on autochthonous zooplanktonic community.Both natural and anthropogenic forcings seem to explain the colonization of Acartia tonsa in the oligo-mesohaline area of the Gironde estuary. First records (1983–1988) could be due to marine water inputs caused by high values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. The global warming which caused the increase of the summer warm period, the marinisation of the system and the local decrease of the turbidity should have been the key factors favoring the establishment of the species. Anthropogenic forcings as the establishment of the nuclear power plant which locally causes warmer conditions are also important factors explaining the differences of seasonal cycle observed between oligo-mesohaline area and other stations: the seasonal pattern of A. tonsa in the oligo-mesohaline area was indeed characterized by an autumnal peak of abundances which has been observed in other stations and in many North European estuaries, and by a second spring peak that had only been observed in Southern estuaries.The introduction of Acartia tonsa in the Gironde estuary significantly changed the seasonal pattern of autochthonous copepods, by limiting their seasonal abundances without affecting their long-term population stability. Finally, the successful colonization of A. tonsa had led to the spread of the seasonal zooplanktonic production which could have had an impact on fish and shrimp productions. 相似文献