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文章利用摘箬山岛风电场70 m高测风塔2011年1月—2014年1月的观测资料,对平均风速、风速频率、风向频率、风能频率、有效风力时数及风功率密度等风能参数进行计算分析,并依据国标《风电场风能资源评估方法》(GB/T18710-2002)中风功率密度等级划分标准对风电场的风能资源进行评估。结果表明:风电场各高度年平均风速在3.28~6.56 m/s,风速频率主要集中区间为1~8 m/s,有效风力时数为54.5%~86.9%,年平均风功率密度为54.8~283.2 W/m2。风电场10 m和70 m处主导风向分别为N风和S风,频率分别为13.0%和13.4%,主导风能分别为N风和NNW风,频率分别为14.7%和14.8%。该风电场风功率密度接近3级,具有一定开发利用价值。 相似文献
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琼州海峡潮流能资源的数值模拟评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来,我国能源消耗量不断的增长使我们更加重视可再生能源的开发利用,而我国近海拥有复杂的海岸线和广阔的大陆架,其中许多海域蕴藏着丰富的潮流能资源。潮流能资源评估则是其电站站址选择、发电量预测等工程设计的首要工作。结合两个站位的潮流实测数据,本文利用FVCOM海洋环流数值模式较好的模拟了琼州海峡潮波传播状况,分析了该海域潮流能资源水平分布规律和时间变化特征,初步估算了该水道的潮流能的理论蕴藏量,并采用FLUX方法对该水道的技术可开发量进行了评估。结果表明,琼州海峡中心海域功率密度高,两岸资源低;可能最大流速、大潮年平均最大功率密度、小潮年平均功率密度和年平均功率密度等特征值分布基本相似;其丰富区域出现在海峡东口南部海域以及海峡中部海域,其中东口南部海域可能最大流速可达4.6 m/s,表层流大潮年平均最大功率密度为5996 W/m2,小潮平均最大功率密度仅为467 W/m2,年平均功率密度为819 W/m2,代表点超过0.7 m/s的潮流流速年统计时间约为4717 h;海峡潮流能资源理论蕴藏量为189.55MW,利用FLUX、FARM、GC方法得到该水道的潮流能可开发量分别为249GW/yr、20.2GW/yr和263GW/yr。 相似文献
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《海洋预报》2017,(1)
基于1988—2011年CCMP卫星资料对中国海域的风能资源进行分析评估,研究中国海域风能资源的空间格局及气候变化特征,并进行风能资源区划。研究结果表明:(1)中国海域年风功率密度各海域分布在79.2(琼州海峡)~465.8(巴士海峡)W/m~2,其中东海南部、南海东北部和巴士海峡的年平均风功率密度大于400 W/m~2,其次为南海中东部、东海北部、台湾海峡、台湾以东洋面(300~400 W/m~2),渤海海峡、黄海北部、北部湾、渤海和琼州海峡的风功率密度在200 W/m~2以下;(2)DJF期间,中国海区风功率密度平均值最大(412.5 W/m2),大值区的风功率密度达800~1000W/m~2;JJA期间,中国海域风功率密度平均值最小(159.4 W/m~2);(3)1988—2011年中国各海区风功能密度上升趋势为20.8(琼州海峡)~124.7(台湾海峡)W/(m~2?10 a),除南海西南部和南海东南部海区外,其他海区的变化趋势均通过了0.05的显著性检验;(4)中国海域风能资源分区结果表明,中国海区超过80%的海区适合并网风力发电,其中非常适合的海域占海区面积的62.3%。在风电开发技术可控范围内(水深5~50 m),台湾海峡、南海东北近海海区(水深0~50 m)风能资源最丰富,最高处达490 W/m~2,其次是东海北部近海海区(水深20~50 m),风功率密度达300~350 W/m~2。 相似文献
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基于美国NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)近20a(1991-2010)10m风场再分析数据(0.3°×0.3°,1h/次,简称CFSR风场),对我国近海风能资源分布特征进行了统计分析与评估。利用天津渤海A平台观测站(118°25′E,38°27′N)逐时观测风速数据对CFSR风速数据进行了检验,发现均方根误差和平均偏差仅为均较小(分别为2.28m/s与0.16m/s)。基于此CFSR风场,本文章进一步统计并给出了我国陆地年平均风功率密度分布,结果与第三次风能普查(1971-2000年)及相关文献结果 (1991-2010年)相当一致。依据国家风电场风能资源评估方法,由CFSR风场推算了我国近海20a平均的70m高度风能资源分布。结果显示,年平均风功率密度均达到了200 W/m2以上,大于6m/s的风速累积小时数为4 000h以上;其中台湾海峡和东海南部海区风能最为丰富,黄海中部、渤海中部和辽东湾海区风能次之。参照海上风场选址要求,28°N以北的近岸海域由于水深较浅,30m/s以上风速发生频次极低,比较适合建立海上风电场。 相似文献
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利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)风场资料,对1997—2016年俄罗斯北部海域风能资源展开评估,并建立选址指标体系,识别潜在海上风电场建址区域。结果表明:俄罗斯北部海域的风功率密度大小和风功率密度等级分布均为"西高东低"型,即巴伦支海风能资源最丰富且风功率密度等级最高,东西伯利亚海风能资源较少且风功率密度等级最低;有效风速出现频率为单谷型,夏季出现谷值,春季、秋季和冬季出现峰值;风功率密度变异系数有明显季节变化,冬季变异系数较高,夏季变异系数达到最低值;喀拉海适宜开发近海风能资源,巴伦支海适宜开发深海风能资源;风向频率最高的风向是NE,其次是NNE与ENE向。研究结果可为未来国内相关单位参与北极风能资源开发提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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《海洋预报》2016,(3)
未来风能开发的重心将逐渐转移到风能更为丰富的近海区域,通过1979—2014年的ERA-interim再分析资料,对不同高度和水深条件下的中国近海风能资源的时空分布特征进行了分析研究。结果显示我国近海风能资源整体呈南高北低分布,大值区位于台湾海峡、巴士海峡及南海东南部,过去36 a我国近海风能资源没有显著变化趋势。风能资源所研究区域的水深越深、风机高度越高,风电的可开发潜力就越大,100 m高度条件及50 m水深条件下我国近海年平均风功率密度约为160 W/m2。此外我国近海风能资源存在明显的季节差异,冬季开发条件最好,夏季最差,且与ENSO存在显著的遥相关关系。 相似文献
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夏季莱州湾浮游动物群落特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2009 年8 月监测资料, 研究了夏季莱州湾海域浮游动物种类组成、生态分布、群落结构及其环境影响因子。共记录包括浮游幼虫在内的浮游动物38 种(类), 优势种类为长尾类幼虫、强壮箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫及太平洋纺锤水蚤等。浮游动物丰度101.3～3620.0 个/m3, 平均602.8 个/m3, 丰度平面分布呈现湾西部高, 向中东部逐渐降低趋势; 长尾类幼虫、强壮箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫出现频率100%,太平洋纺锤水蚤出现频率40.9%; 长尾类幼虫丰度7.8～1747.9 个/m3, 平均96.3 个/m3, 高值区分布于莱州湾西部黄河口以南近岸水域; 强壮箭虫丰度2.5～747.8 个/m3, 平均85.4 个/m3, 偏离近岸趋深水、低温区分布; 短尾类溞状幼虫丰度3.3～271.7 个/m3, 平均20.5 个/m3, 主要分布于莱州湾南部近岸水域; 太平洋纺锤水蚤丰度0～968.3 个/m3, 平均29.0 个/m3, 密集分布区在莱州湾西南部小清河外近岸低盐水域。浮游动物丰度分布与NO2-N、DO、COD 及NO3-N 呈显著正相关关系, 与盐度呈显著负相关关系(P＜0.01)。等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)将莱州湾的浮游动物分为湾西部和湾中东部两个群落。相比于湾中东部群落, 湾西部群落占据着莱州湾西部近岸较狭窄的地理范围, 其所在水域水浅, 盐度低, 无机氮、活性磷酸盐、叶绿素a、浮游动物丰度高及物种多样性高, 群落内生物相似性弱。 相似文献
10.
岩石生热率是研究地球内热的一个重要的参数。根据自然伽马与岩石生热率的关系,利用盆地4口钻井的自然伽马测井曲线,计算出桑托斯盆地主要岩石或矿物及地层的生热率。统计了2 964个自然伽马测井数据值,主要岩石或矿物的生热率从大到小依次为：泥岩、砂岩、页岩、玄武岩、石灰岩、硬石膏和盐岩;盆地地层的生热率随深度增加显著降低,生热率体现出受控于岩性变化的特征。以S1井为例,根据岩石生热率和热流的关系,计算出盆地中各个组的生热率,Marambaia组、Itajai-Acu组、Itanhaem组、Ariri组、Guaratiba群、Camboriu组生热率分别是（1.36±0.16）μW/m3、（1.52±0.15）μW/m3、（1.30±0.3）μW/m3、（0.46±0.18）μW/m3、（0.64±0.23）μW/m3、（0.37±0.07）μW/m3,盆地沉积地层产生的热量占表层大地热流的13.62%,因此沉积地层具有一定的产热潜力,对区域有机质的成熟度有一定的影响。建立了岩石圈分层生热模型,其中地壳热流贡献为15.38 mW/m2,占表层大地热流的30.76%,地幔热流贡献值为34.62 mW/m2,地壳和地幔的热流比例为0.44,具有“冷壳热幔”的特征。 相似文献
11.
Based on the twice-daily marine atmospheric variables which were derived mostly from the weather maps for 18 years period
from 1978 to 1995, the surface heat flux over the East Asian marginal seas was calculated at 0.5°×0.5° grid points twice a
day. The annual mean distribution of the net heat flux shows that the maximum heat loss occurs in the central part of the
Yellow Sea, along the Kuroshio axis and along the west coast of the northern Japanese islands. The area off Vladivostok turned
out to be a heat-losing region, however, on the average, the amount of heat loss is minimum over the study area and the estuary
of the Yangtze River also appears as a region of the minimum heat loss. The seasonal variations of heat flux show that the
period of heat gain is longest in the Yellow Sea, and the maximum heat gain occurs in June. The maximum heat loss occurs in
January over the study area, except the Yellow Sea where the heat loss is maximum in December. The annual mean value of the
net heat flux in the East/Japan Sea is −108 W/m2 which is about twice the value of Hirose et al. (1996) or about 30% higher than Kato and Asai (1983). For the Yellow Sea, it is about −89 W/m2 and it becomes −75 W/m2 in the East China Sea. This increase in values of the net heat flux comes mostly from the turbulent fluxes which are strongly
dependent on the wind speed, which fluctuates largely during the winter season.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
1988-2010年中国海域波浪能资源模拟及优势区域划分 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
基于国际先进的第三代海浪数值模式WAVEWATCH -Ⅲ,以CCMP风场为驱动场,模拟得到中国海域域1988年1月-2010年12月的海浪场。从提高波浪能资源利用效率的角度出发,定义了波浪能资源开发的有效时间,综合考虑波浪能流密度的大小、资源开发有效时间出现的频率、能流密度的稳定性(变异系数)、SWH和能流密度的变化趋势、资源的总储量和有效储量等方面,对中国海域域的波浪能资源进行评估。研究发现:(1)南海北部四季皆为能流密度的大值区,各个季节基本都在8 kW/m以上,秋冬两季更是高达20 kW/m以上。(2)东海和南海大部分海域的波浪能资源开发有效时间出现频率较高。(3)能流密度的稳定性在1月最好,4月和10月次之,7月最差;南海能流密度的稳定性好于其余海域,其中又以南海北部海域的稳定性最好。(4)中国海域域大部分海域单位面积的波浪能总储量在2×104 kW·h/m以上,高值中心分布于南海北部海域,有效储量的分布特征与总储量基本一致。(5)我国大部分海域的SWH和波浪能流密度呈显著的逐年线性递增趋势,SWH的递增趋势为0.5~2.5 cm/a,能流密度的递增趋势为0.05~0.55 kW/(m·a)。(6)我国大部分海域蕴藏着较为丰富的波浪能资源,其中南海北部、台湾以东洋面及琉球群岛附近海域为波浪能资源的优势区域。 相似文献
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南黄海秋季叶绿素a的分布特征与浮游植物的固碳强度 总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19
依据2005年10月中下旬对南黄海的调查结果,系统阐述了2005年秋季南黄海叶绿素a的分布特征,并估算了南黄海和东中国近海初级生产力水平及浮游植物固碳强度,分析了控制其变化的生物地球化学机制.结果表明,南黄海表层叶绿素a含量的变化范围为0.11~2.38 mg/m3,平均浓度为0.66 mg/m3,明显高于50 m层的含量.南黄海表层和次表层叶绿素a分布趋势基本一致,均显现出西北高、东南低的趋势,在近岸海域出现显著的高值带,这主要是由于受到陆源输入和沿岸流带来的高营养盐的影响;中部海域的低值区则主要受控于来自东海低营养盐海流的“冲淡”作用.在垂直分布上,叶绿素a最高值基本出现在次表层,与以往发现的该海域次表层溶解氧最大值一致,这显然与南黄海浮游植物及区域水团特性有关.2005年秋季南黄海初级生产力(C)变化在95~1 634 mg/(m2·d),平均为586 mg/(m2·d),其分布趋势显示了海洋初级生产力与海水磷浓度以及水团、海流的关系.应用初级生产力估算的浮游植物固碳强度的结果表明,我国东部近海浮游植物年总固碳量约为222Mt,约占全球近海浮游植物的年固碳量的2.0%,为我国东部近海通过海-气界面总表观碳汇强度每年1 369万t的16.2倍,在不同的海域,浮游植物固碳量是其通过海-气界面总表观碳汇强度的倍数不同(渤海为3.0倍,黄海为6.7倍,东海为81.6倍). 相似文献
14.
精确获取剖面风数据对海上风电场规划选址、风能资源评估等至关重要。针对测风塔建设成本高、拆卸移动困难,而传统浮标电源供给较小、摇晃角度大等缺点,设计一种新型激光雷达浮标,实现了对目标海域的风资源剖面数据的观测、解算与自存储。在南海海域进行海试应用,并对观测的剖面风数据和传统大型海洋资料浮标风数据进行同步比测分析。结果表明,激光雷达测风浮标的测量结果与大型浮标测风数据吻合较好,风速R~2相关系数达到0.975,风向R~2相关系数达到0.932。该研究成果可为激光雷达测风浮标在海上风电开发和开展风场变化的科学研究等提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Spring phytoplankton bloom in the fronts of the East China Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Frontal areas between warm and saline waters of the Kuroshio currents and colder and diluted waters of the East China Sea
(ECS) influenced by the Changjiang River were identified from the satellite thermal imagery and hydrological data obtained
from the Coastal Ocean Process Experiment (COPEX) cruise during the period between March 1st and 10th, 1997. High chlorophyll concentrations appeared in the fronts of the East China Seas with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration
in the southwestern area of Jeju Island (~2.9 mg/m3) and the eastern area of the Changjiang River Mouth (~2.8 mg/m3). Vertical structures of temperature, salinity and density were similar, showing the fronts between ECS and Kuroshio waters.
The water column was well mixed in the shelf waters and was stratified around the fronts. It is inferred that the optimal
condition for light utilization and nutrients induced both from the coastal and deep waters enhances the high phytoplankton
productivity in the fronts of the ECS. In addition, the high chlorophyll-a in the fronts seems to have been associated with
the water column stability as well. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents actuality of investigation and study of the crustal structure characters of East China Sea at home and abroad. Based on lots of investigation and study achievements and the difference of the crustal velocity structure from west to east, the East China Sea is divided into three parts - East China Sea shelf zone, Okinawa Trough zone and Ryukyu arc-trench zone. The East China Sea shelf zone mostly has three velocity layers, i.e., the sediment blanket layer （the velocity is 5.8-5.9 km/s）, the basement layer （the velocity is 6.0-6.3 km/s）, and the lower crustal layer （the velocity is 6.8-7.6 km/s）. So the East China Sea shelf zone belongs to the typical continental crust. The Okinawa Trough zone is located at the transitional belt between the continental crust and the oceanic crust. It still has the structural characters of the continental crust, and no formation of the oceanic crust, but the crust of the central trough has become to thinning down. The Ryukyu arc-trench zone belongs to the transitional type crust as a whole, but the ocean side of the trench already belongs to the oceanic crust. And the northwest Philippine Basin to the east of the Ryukyu Trench absolutely belongs to the typical oceanic crust. 相似文献
17.
东海冷涡对东亚季风年代际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用CORA、COADS和SODA 等高分辨率的海洋和大气再分析资料及区域海洋模式(ROMS), 研究了东海冷涡对1976/1977 年前后东亚季风年代际跃变(减弱)的响应。结果表明: (1)1976/1977年前后东亚季风跃变后, 夏季东海冷涡明显增强, 主要表现为冷涡的温度显著降低, 而冬季东海冷涡有所变弱但其温度上升不明显; (2)东亚冬季风跃变后, 济州岛西南侧的黄海暖流减弱, 冷涡区出现一个反气旋式环流异常, 这有利于冬季东海冷涡的减弱; (3)东亚夏季风跃变后, 台湾暖流外海侧分支及济州岛西南侧的黄海暖流分支增强, 使得冷涡区的气旋性环流变强, 这有利于夏季东海冷涡的加强。数值试验的结果表明, 东亚冬、夏季风的跃变在东中国海引起了不同的中尺度海洋环流异常, 从而导致东海冷涡对东亚冬、夏季风的跃变产生不同的响应。 相似文献
18.
Dong-Chan Oh Mi-Kyung Park Sang-Hwa Choi Dong-Jin Kang Sun Young Park Jeom Shik Hwang Andrey Andreev Gi Hoon Hong Kyung-Ryul Kim 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(2):157-169
During CREAMS expeditions, fCO2 for surface waters was measured continuously along the cruise tracks. The fCO2 in surface waters in summer varied in the range 320–440 μatm, showing moderate supersaturation with respect to atmospheric
CO2. In winter, however, fCO2 showed under-saturation of CO2 in most of the area, while varying in a much wider range from 180 to 520 μatm. Some very high fCO2 values observed in the northern East Sea (Japan Sea) appeared to be associated with the intensive convection system developed
in the area. A gas-exchange model was developed for describing the annual variation of fCO2 and for estimating the annual flux of CO2 at the air-sea interface. The model incorporated annual variations in SST, the thickness of the mixed layer, gas exchange
associated with wind velocity, biological activity and atmospheric concentration of CO2. The model shows that the East Sea releases CO2 into the atmosphere from June to September, and absorbs CO2 during the rest of the year, from October through May. The net annual CO2 flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 0.032 (±0.012) Gt-C per year from the atmosphere into the East Sea. Water
column chemistry shows penetration of CO2 into the whole water column, supporting a short turnover time for deep waters in the East Sea.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Kuh Kim Yun Bae Kim Jong Jin Park SungHyun Nam Kyung-Ae Park Kyung-Il Chang 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(1):25-44
Long-term, continuous, and real-time ocean monitoring has been undertaken in order to evaluate various oceanographic phenomena
and processes in the East/Japan Sea. Recent technical advances combined with our concerted efforts have allowed us to establish
a real-time monitoring system and to accumulate considerable knowledge on what has been taking place in water properties,
current systems, and circulation in the East Sea. We have obtained information on volume transport across the Korea Strait
through cable voltage measurements and continuous temperature and salinity profile data from ARGO floats placed throughout
entire East Sea since 1997. These ARGO float data have been utilized to estimate deep current, inertial kinetic energy, and
changes in water mass, especially in the northern East Sea. We have also developed the East Sea Real-time Ocean Buoy (ESROB)
in coastal regions and made continual improvements till it has evolved into the most up-to-date and effective monitoring system
as a result of remarkable technical progress in data communication systems. Atmospheric and oceanic measurements by ESROB
have contributed to the recognition of coastal wind variability, current fluctuations, and internal waves near and off the
eastern coast of Korea. Long-term current meter moorings have been in operation since 1996 between Ulleungdo and Dokdo to
monitor the interbasin deep water exchanges between the Japanese and Ulleung Basins. In addition, remotely sensed satellite
data could facilitate the investigation of atmospheric and oceanic surface conditions such as sea surface temperature (SST),
sea surface height, near-surface winds, oceanic color, surface roughness, and so on. These satellite data revealed surface
frontal structures with a fairly good spatial resolution, seasonal cycle of SST, atmospheric wind forcing, geostrophic current
anomalies, and biogeochemical processes associated with physical forcing and processes. Since the East Sea has been recognized
as a natural laboratory for global oceanic changes and a clue to abrupt climate change, we aim at constructing a 4-D continuous
real-time monitoring system, over a decade at least, using the most advanced techniques to understand a variety of oceanic
processes in the East Sea. 相似文献
20.
新仙女木（Younger Dryas）事件是末次冰消期持续升温过程中的一次突然降温的典型非轨道事件,对于研究古气候、古环境的快速突变事件和短周期现象,合理评估现今气候一环境条件并做出气候变化的预测有着重要的意义。它是一个全球性的事件,中国东部陆架海也普遍发现了“新仙女木”事件的沉积记录。由于中国东部陆架位于欧亚大陆和太平洋之间,受季风的强烈影响,因此有着独特的响应。在“新仙女木”事件发生时,海平面在-50m水深位置稍微下降或振荡徘徊,在-50m线上则以湖泊沼泽、埋藏河床、风沙沉积记录为主,-50m以下则以海洋沉积记录为主,这条线的附近则存在沼泽泥炭和古潮流沙脊。 相似文献