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1.
基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据，识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群，其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊，位于东海海底以下90 m深处，推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST)，沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS)；层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架，属于衰退沙脊，系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST，顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年，地层层位相距近90 m，但是沙脊群总体走向一致，表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊，通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊，多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。 相似文献
2.
新仙女木事件发生时(12.9～11.6 cal.kaBP),中国东部陆架海平面在-66 m等深线附近振荡徘徊,海水进入到现代北黄海南部,黄海形成了一个狭长的通道型海湾。运用环境流体动力学模型(EFDC)对这特殊的狭长通道型海湾潮流场进行数值模拟,计算中采用水平方向上的曲线正交坐标与垂直方向上的Sigma坐标相结合以及三维数学模型二维化的方法。模拟结果显示当时的潮流场非常的强,水深较浅的区域多为旋转流,水深较深的中间槽部区域多呈往复流,不断冲刷底部,带走悬浮泥砂。进入黄海后,潮波从前进波转变成旋转波,并在西岸出现两个发育不完全的无潮点。潮余流在古黄海西部及中部海域一致向东南和南向流动,并且流速较大,但在口门处流速减小,海湾中部冲刷起的底部沉积物可能被余流带出并沉积下来形成济州岛西南泥质区。而在东部海域,余流具有向北流的趋势,从而在古海湾的中央区域形成一个较为明显的逆时针向环流,很有可能是韩国西南现代泥质区接收泥质沉积的开始。南黄海东侧发育的潮流沙脊群的延伸方向及潮流砂的粒度组成和古黄海的潮流场有很好的对应关系,新仙女木时期波动较小的海平面和稳定的潮流场是潮流沙脊群形成的有利因素。可以说新仙女木期的海流、潮流和潮... 相似文献
3.
东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊地貌与内部结构特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
东海陆架以宽平的地形、充分的陆源沉积物供应、快速沉降和强动力场为特征，中外陆架发育大规模潮流沙脊地貌。潮流沙脊走向大致为NW—SE向分布，与区域潮流主方向一致或成较小交角。东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊以不对称横剖面为特征，陡坡倾向SW。沙脊内部发育典型的高角度前积斜层理，倾向与沙脊横剖面陡坡方向一致。这些斜层理可以划分为高达4组不同特征的组合，分别代表潮流沙脊发育的不同阶段，对应于冰后期海平面上升的不同时期。东海陆架潮流沙脊主体形成于冰后期海侵阶段，目前仍然受到陆架潮流场的影响，沙脊顶部为再沉积活动层。 相似文献
4.
南黄海东侧陆架冰消期以来的海侵沉积特征 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9
根据浅地层剖面，海底地貌，柱状样和对钻孔岩心的分析测试数据，论述了南黄海东侧陆架冰消期以来的沉积特征。在冰消期海侵的初期，海水对南黄海东侧陆架早期沉积物的侵蚀和改造形成了滞留砂砾层，席状砂和潮流沙脊。随着海面的上升和海侵范围的扩大，黄海暖流形成并由于它的驱动在南黄海东侧陆架的南部发育涡旋而形成厚层质沉积，而在北部则形成潮上带－潮坪－浅海沉积序列。 相似文献
5.
南黄海曾是长江和黄河两大河流输送的陆源沉积物重要的汇，其沉积记录含有河流演化的丰富信息。江苏海岸中部、南黄海西侧、辐射沙脊群西北的西洋潮流通道及其邻区受到古黄河与古长江的交互影响，其古地貌与沉积地层等研究尚显不足。利用该区多次采集获得的长约380 km的浅层地震剖面数据，结合钻孔资料，分析了西洋浅部地震层序，探讨了其沉积环境特征。研究结果表明，西洋潮流通道区域在平均海面以下33~49 m处，存在一个强振幅、中频率、高连续性的区域性反射界面，与对比钻孔中滨岸沼泽沉积的顶面相对应，代表一个不整合的古地貌面；该界面深度的空间插值结果反演的古地貌面与下伏的沟槽状切割-充填反射结构，揭示了数条沿NE方向延伸的古水道，并集中分布于古地貌面北部相对低洼的区域，为南黄海内陆架晚更新世某古水系的一部分；该古地貌面系末次冰消期的海侵冲刷面，其上覆是全新世滨浅海沉积，下伏是晚更新世末期的洪泛平原或滨岸沼泽或充填下切古河道或古潮道等沉积。对该区域性反射界面的深入研究有助于弄清南黄海西部晚更新世以来的沉积体系演化历史，提升对辐射沙脊群形成演化的认识。 相似文献
6.
海平面变化及其海岸响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
第四纪气温的大幅度冷暖变化，导致全球海平面的变化，引起陆架海侵扣海退。海岸上的各种地貌如海滩、沙坝、三角洲扣陆架沙脊等响应海平面升降而发生新的演化扣变异。东海陆架古岸线、围绕古岸线发育的陆架沙脊、陆架深切河谷扣河谷充填沉积以及冰后期海进型扣海退型沙坝的形成乖演化等沉积事件都是响应海平面升降的结果。近百年来特别是近30年全球海平面普遍上升，引起风暴潮的频度扣幅度的增大。近岸波能增强，越滩浪增多，导致海滩侵蚀，岸线后退。Bruun法则扣其他一些模型能够说明海滩随海平面上升而蚀退的规律，但在预测速率时仍存在很多问题。使用时应注意海平面变化的区域性、海滩发育的滞后性和海滩蚀退因素间的权重关系。 相似文献
7.
基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群,其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90m深处,推测属于距今320~200ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105/a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。 相似文献
8.
南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南黄海陆架在第四纪具有海侵—海退交替发生、海陆相地层交互沉积的特点,沉积相及其分布主要受海平面变化与古河流及其三角洲的控制。对南黄海西部地区采集的5600km浅层地震剖面进行了层序划分与解释,得到以下认识:(1)早更新世晚期以来的南黄海地层可分为U1—U14共14个地震地层单元,组成6个地震层序,代表了6次大规模海侵-海退过程,其中氧同位素5期海相地层在该地区最发育;(2)根据全新世地层厚度变化,将该区分为6个沉积区:东部弱沉积区、中北部沉积发育区、海州湾外侵蚀区、废黄河口沉积区、射阳河口岸外侵蚀区和苏北浅滩沉积区;(3)氧同位素6期至2期,南黄海西部陆相层内发育了3期埋藏古河道:上层古河道发育于氧同位素2期,古长江水系、古黄河水系分别自南黄海南部、北部流入古黄海;中层古河道发育于氧同位素4期,仅分布于近岸地区;下层古河道发育于氧同位素6期,分布于123°E以西地区,其南部古河道应为古长江水系,规模较大,其北部古河道规模较小,分布范围有限;(4)古长江第四纪早期在古黄海入海,古黄河在氧同位素5期中后期也开始自古黄海入海,其古河道发育具有一定继承性,后期发育规模逐渐增大;(5)气候温暖的高海面时期发育于构造沉降... 相似文献
9.
中国沿海很多陆架受潮流水动力的控制,发育了沙脊、沙席和沙波(沙丘)等潮流沉积地貌。闽江河口外首次发现有潮流沙脊群,沙脊群由数条大小不一呈SW—NE向的线状沙脊体组成,局部沙脊连片成为浅滩,相邻沙脊间为侵蚀沟槽,形成脊槽相间排列的地貌形态,沙脊东南翼较西北翼陡,表明沙脊有向东南方向迁移的趋势。通过对沙脊群和闽江口水下三角洲地形地貌、沉积物以及潮流场环境特征的综合分析,认为闽江口外潮流沙脊群是以古闽江口三角洲物质为基础,在全新世海侵过程中,沙脊群区处于近岸河口湾环境下发育,并在现代水动力的作用下形成与潮流方向相吻合的地貌体。 相似文献
10.
中国陆架潮流沉积体系和模式 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
在1991年中法合作渤海潮流沉积研究的基础上,查阅了国内外有关研究成果,分析了中国陆架的水深地形、沉积地貌与潮流动力的关系,认为潮流对中国陆架的海底地貌和沉积的形成发育起了主导作用。当潮流流速大于3节时,潮流的侵蚀作用是主要的,往复潮流多形成冲刷深槽,大大刷深了海峡或水道。当潮流流速1－3节时,潮流的沉积作用是主要的,多形成浅滩,即潮流沙脊和潮流沙席。以M2分潮椭率绝对值0．4为界,大于0．久者意味着潮流旋转性强,多形成潮流沙席;小于0．4者意味着潮流往复性强,多形成潮流沙脊。提出了我国邻近陆架发育了5个现代潮流沉积地貌体系：（1）黄海东部潮流沉积体系,它由西朝鲜湾潮流沙脊和其南部的沙席两者组成;（2）渤海东部潮流沉积体系,它由老铁山水道冲刷槽,辽东浅滩沙脊和渤中浅滩沙席三者组成;（3）长江口外潮流沉积体系,它由江苏滨外潮流沙脊和长江口浅滩潮流沙席组成;（4）台湾滨外潮流沉积体系,它由台湾海峡冲刷槽、台湾浅滩沙脊、澎湖水道冲刷槽和台中浅滩沙席四者组成;（5）琼州海峡潮流沉积体系,它由琼州海峡冲刷槽、东浅滩沙脊和西浅滩沙脊三者组成。此外,在东海陆架上还有冰后期海侵早期形成的残留潮流沉积体系。全新世陆架浅海潮流沉积模式可分海峡一浅 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献