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海底管道在油气工业中发挥着重要作用,为保障其安全运营必须定期进行检测掌握其在海底的状态。有的海底管道在铺设时为其安全考虑,在海底管道上方覆盖了抛石等硬质保护层,这样就导致在海底管道定期检测时一些检测仪器难以探测到硬质保护层下海底管道的位置和埋深,而浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪仍然可以不同程度地实现这种情况下的海底管道检测。文中对浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪的原理进行了介绍并对其在上覆抛石等硬质保护层海底管道检测中的应用进行了分析探讨。分析结果表明浅地层剖面仪和磁力仪组成的综合检测系统对上覆硬质保护层的海底管道探测有一定效果,可查明海硬质保护层下海底管道的位置和埋深,为海底管道的安全管理和维护提供数据支持,也可为其他类似海底管道检测提供参考。 相似文献
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抛锚作业给跨航道海底管道带来的安全风险问题越来越引起人们的关注。为了加强海底管道防冲击能力、保障管道的安全运营,针对抛锚冲击作用下的管道埋深进行研究。通过建立小尺寸抛锚冲击管道实验平台,获得了冲击荷载作用下抛锚高度、管道埋深、堆石材质等参量对管道响应的影响。并基于正交实验原理,综合分析了不同参量对管道响应的敏感性。利用有限元法对抛锚冲击管道的过程进行瞬态动力分析,进一步研究了堆石材料力学特性对管道埋深的影响。结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,堆石层的材料特性对冲击能量的耗散起着重要作用。通过将数值分析结果与实验数据作对比,并结合DNV规范中的能量计算方法,提出了抛锚冲击荷载作用下管道最小埋深的计算方法。研究成果为海底管道的安全铺设提供一定的理论指导。 相似文献
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水力插板技术具有安全稳定性高、施工速度快等优点,经过长期的现场试验逐步形成了水力插板与抛石防护相结合这样一种工程建设模式,将此项技术应用到海港工程中具有其特殊优势,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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以东方岸外海域为例,计算了极端天气下不同水深条件构建稳定粗化层抛石颗粒的临界粒径;分析了影响粗化层稳定的不同因素,并对人工抛石构建粗化层提出建议。结果显示,在东方岸外30m和60 m水深处,沉积物的中值泥沙粒径至少为30.33 mm和3.99 mm,才能抵御极端浪流的冲刷,且抛石层的厚度应至少为80.9mm和10.8mm,抛石层至少覆盖原始床沙的70%。粗化层的稳定性受颗粒隐蔽暴露效应、砂组分百分比、粗化层颗粒级配、覆盖厚度及覆盖百分比的共同影响,而抛石构建稳定粗化层的实质是对抛石粒径的合理选取及对细粒组分百分比的有效控制。另外,抛石级配的合理选择应受到重视,在施工过程中则需保证覆盖百分数和粗化层的覆盖厚度。粗细混合投放或者分层投放有利于更好地构建稳定粗化层。以上述方法构建稳定粗化层可为海底管道工程设施的维护提供有效支持。 相似文献
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离散单元法与港口和海岸工程中的非连续介质问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
离散单元法是一种用来分析非连续介质的位移,受力和稳定性问题的数值分析方法,已在岩石力学领域中得到了广泛的应用。在港口和海岸工程中,存在许多堆石体结构的非连续介质问题,如重力式码头后方抛石体的土压力问题,在波浪荷载作用的下堆石防坡浪,护岸,基床的稳定性问题等。 相似文献
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为保证琼州海峡海底电缆的安全性和可靠性,拟对掩埋深度未达到设计要求地段的海底电缆进行抛石保护。抛石过程中,块石由于沉降和水流作用具有一定的速度,会对海底电缆产生冲击力,甚至对电缆造成破坏。根据工程海区环境动力因素,对抛石施工过程中散抛块石所受浮力、流体阻力及水平推动力进行推导,获得块石在垂直方向和水平方向的运动方程,推导获得块石对海底电缆冲击力的计算公式,并确定冲击力的影响因素。结合抛石工艺和海底电缆的设计强度,选取各影响因素的不同值进行计算,结合计算结果对冲击力影响因素进行对比分析,为抛石工程提供合理建议,设计安全的施工方案。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(Z1)
基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件显示动力分析,采用非线性动态有限元法,对海底管道受坠物碰撞的动态过程进行数值模拟,对比分析坠物质量、坠物形状、轴向预加荷载因素对海底管道在撞击作用下凹陷及损伤区域的影响。结果表明:海底管道受撞击部位的凹陷及损伤区域随着坠物能量的增加而增大;坠物形状因素由于碰撞发生时接触面不同对管道凹陷及损伤区域造成不同的影响;海底管道内压的存在一定程度上抵抗了碰撞造成的局部塑性损伤变形;轴向受拉对海底管道损伤方面的影响很小可忽略不计;适当增加轴向压力可提升海底管道抗碰撞冲击能力而过大的轴向压力会加剧管道破坏。 相似文献
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通过室内试验,研究了采油平台的冲淘机理和防护措施,对仿生海底、仿生林、抛石块、抛石子袋等防冲淘措施进行了方案设计和试验,完成了导管架式、桶形基础式、沉垫式3种采油平台的冲淘及防护措施试验研究,提出和完善了多层次抛石防护技术,并将研究成果成功应用于海上防护工程.提出的研究思路以及得到的研究成果,对解决胜利油田海区粉土地基的防冲淘难题具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
10.
海底管道是海洋油气输运的重要命脉,需要定期进行检测探测以分析评估其安全稳定性。基于埋设海底管道及其磁异常特征,通过研究埋设海底管道磁异常的检测技术及其组成、应用方法,优化海底管道磁异常检测设备布设与检测测线方案,实现埋深大于5 m的深埋海底管道磁异常特征的完全检测。通过海底管道磁异常数据反演可获取实测海底管道路由相比设计竣工路由的坐标偏距、管道埋深等数据,在某区域14.5 km长的海底管道探测实际工程中应用良好,探测数据符合管道路由勘察评价标准规范,为管道埋藏状态分析提供了依据,形成了一种高效、精确的海底管道探测评价方法。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献