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文章根据2019年、2020年漳江口红树林保护区内互花米草、沉积物、潮间带底栖生物的调查结果,结合历史遥感影像资料分析互花米草的入侵过程。结果表明：漳江口红树林保护区互花米草高潮区株高略低于同潮区红树植物,亦低于中潮区互花米草株高,更倾向于向光滩扩张;研究区域互花米草区沉积物中总氮、硫化物和有机碳含量高于光滩,全盐含量低于光滩;根据研究区域的遥感影像分析,2011—2019年漳江口互花米草保持较高的速率扩张,2020年互花米草扩张进入稳定期;根据丰度生物量比较法,2020年互花米草区的潮间带底栖生物群落结构较2019年稳定。在研究互花米草入侵对滨海湿地的影响时,除了考虑调查方法、时空因素和样地互花米草入侵时间的长短外,还应考虑互花米草入侵的不同扩张时期。 相似文献
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互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)作为入侵物种,对我国沿海滩涂生态环境造成不利影响。为筛选成本低、见效快的互花米草化学除控剂,本研究选取了草甘膦、草铵膦2种除草剂,采用盆栽与大田试验探讨除草剂剂量及复配对互花米草的除控效果,通过底栖生物白蛤(Mactra veneriformis)和青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)培养模拟实验评价其生态安全性。结果表明,单一施用时草铵膦效果要优于草甘膦,最佳用量是药剂制造商推荐量的150%,但单一施用对互花米草致死率仅为20%;复配可以显著提高互花米草致死率、降低生物量,草甘膦、草铵膦复配处理的大田试验最佳用量为9450 mL/hm2、13500 mL/hm2,致死率可达90%。底栖生物培养试验结果表明,在所应用的剂量范围内,草甘膦和草铵膦对本土底栖生物致死率为0,在体内略有富集,但总体生态安全影响较小。本研究着重于滨海湿地互花米草的化学除控方式及生物安全性评价,以期为今后互花米草的除控研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
为探讨互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵对三沙湾光滩、红树林湿地的生态影响,分别于2013年10月和2014年9月在三沙湾选择了2条互花米草断面、2条红树林断面和1条光滩进行底栖生物生态调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。经鉴定,该调查海域大型底栖动物共68种,隶属于7门40科,其中短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为互花米草区优势物种;宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplaxningpoensis)为光滩的优势物种;巴林虫(Barantollasp.)为红树林区优势物种。对各生境大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度组成进行双因素无重复方差分析(two-way ANOVA),结果显示不同生境大型底栖动物物种数差异极显著(P0.01),互花米草入侵红树林后,大型底栖动物物种数稍有下降,但是互花米草入侵光滩后,大型底栖动物物种数有所增加;不同生境大型底栖动物生物量差异极显著(P0.01),栖息密度差异不显著(P0.05)。利用大型底栖动物的ABC曲线分析群落结构的稳定性,显示光滩群落结构稳定,互花米草入侵后,优势物种变化显著,双齿围沙蚕数量迅速增加,降低了原有大型底栖动物群落结构的稳定性。除生境影响外,互花米草入侵的潮位区域、生长密度差异、入侵阶段等也均会对大型底栖动物造成影响。 相似文献
4.
互花米草对泉州湾盐沼表层沉积物输运的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸盐沼是海岸湿地系统的重要组成部分，具有很强的环境调节功能．互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）的引种对海岸盐沼的沉积动力产生很大影响．粒度分析结果表明，互花米草盐沼边缘与沉积物平均粒径为6．7φ的等值线分布一致．现场观测表明，互花米草对流速具有明显的阻滞作用，使得光滩流速明显大于互花米草内的流速；在互花米草滩内，随着离盐沼边缘距离、植被高度、植株直径的不同，涨落潮流速也表现出不同的变化趋势．粒径趋势分析结果显示，互花米草盐沼边缘的表层沉积物由光滩向盐沼内输运，潮水沟的存在对沉积物的输运格局具有显著影响．对比分析表明落潮后期的水动力条件控制着研究区内表层沉积物的净输运方向． 相似文献
5.
滨海湿地互花米草的生态经济影响分析与风险评估探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在文献分析和调查研究的基础上，系统分析了滨海湿地互花米草的生态经济影响，如滩涂淤积、土壤理化性状变化，养殖埕地消失，土著植物退化或基因丧失，底栖生物多样性指数减小，涉禽种群结构数量改变，滩涂经济效益下降；并就互花米草建立了风险评估指标体系；总结指出，应对互花米草的入侵和蔓延采取必要的控制措施． 相似文献
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7.
南麂岛邻近海域底栖生物群落结构分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文首次报道南麂岛邻近海域底栖生物的种类组成及数量分布规律，调查海域共获底栖生物１９９种，其中，多毛类占３９％，软体动物占２３％，种类组成上存在明显的季节演替现象。年平均生物量为４５．０４ｇ／ｍ２，秋季高于春季；平均密度为３８４个／ｍ２，春季高于秋季，南麂岛西北面有一个高生物量区。本文还应用群落特征指数及多维调节（ＭＤＳ）方法分析了底栖生物群落结构，探讨环境因子对群落结构的影响。结果表明，除了可分出代表该海域底栖生物群落的基本特征的沿岸区外，尚可再分出４个特殊的区域，各区有自己特有的优势种；各区的群落结构与水深有一定关系。 相似文献
8.
互花米草入侵对闽东滨海湿地土壤有机碳的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(1)
探讨入侵种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对闽东滨海红树林湿地生态系统的影响,揭示互花米草的入侵机制,采用空间替代时间的研究方法,对闽东滨海湿地互花米草入侵不同阶段的群落类型(秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林群落、秋茄红树林-互花米草共生群落、互花米草群落和光滩)土壤有机碳(TOC)的演化进行研究。结果表明:1)水平变化:4个不同入侵阶段TOC大小次序为:秋茄红树林群落秋茄-互花米草群落互花米草群落光滩,且秋茄红树林群落0-60cm土层深度有机碳平均值24.8g·kg~(-1),互花米草群落则为11.73g·kg~(-1),说明互花米草入侵闽东滨海红树林湿地有可能大大削弱该生态系统的碳汇功能。4个不同群落类型0-20cm土层深度的TOC不具有显著性差异(P0.05),但20-40cm、40-60cm土层深度具有显著性差异(P0.05);2)垂直变化:除互花米草群落TOC在40-60cm土层达到最大外(P0.05),其他3个群落类型都是在20-40cm土层深度达到最大(P0.05);3)相关性:土壤容重与土壤含水量存在极显著的负相关性(P0.01),TOC和土壤容重存在极显著的负相关性(P0.01),TOC与土壤含水量存在极显著的正相关性(P0.01)。 相似文献
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射阳河口互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年11月至2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口滩涂分别于潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中设置互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地(共6类生境),按月份取样来研究大型底栖动物群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵对底栖动物的影响。共发现大型底栖动物22种,隶属3门4纲17科,其中软体动物13种,节肢动物6种,环节动物3种。米草区和非米草区的物种组成不同,各生境在不同月份大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在不断波动,在潮间带上述指标均为In>Ig,潮上带除密度外均为Sn>Sg,潮沟边滩除个别月份外均为Cg>Cn;3类互花米草生境中大型底栖动物群落各项指标月间变动趋势基本一致(仅个别月份例外),均表现为Cg>Sg>Ig,互花米草生境存在共同的优势种,但数量有一定的差异。分别对潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地的物种数、密度、生物量以及Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H’进行生境-月份间无重复双因素方差分析,结果显示潮间带2类对照样地各项指标在生境间差异均极显著,月份间差异均不显著;潮上带2类对照样地各项指标生境间存在极其显著的差异(除密度外),月份间差异显著(除多样性外);潮沟2类对照样地生境间差异显著(除生物量外),月份间差异均显著。研究结果表明不同生境中的互花米草对底栖动物的影响不甚相同:潮间带互花米草的入侵降低了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和多样性;潮沟米草的入侵提高了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度和多样性;而潮上带米草入侵对大型底栖动物的各指标影响不一。 相似文献
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黄河口大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的耦合分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为探究复杂环境下的河口大型底栖生物群落结构特征,研究了黄河口及其毗邻海域内14个站位的底栖生物群落结构及其与主要环境因子的耦合关系。研究结果表明调查海域底栖生物群落组成和结构的空间异质性较高。底栖生物优势度不明显,优势物种集中于河口附近站位。生物多样性随离河口距离增加而增加,物种丰富度和生物多样性指数等的高值区均出现在远离河口的渤海湾和渤海中部站位,低值区位于近河口站位。对底栖生物群落的非参数多维排序(nMDS)和等级聚类分析显示,底栖生物群落结构相似性较低。丰度/生物量曲线(ABC曲线)分析显示,黄河口底栖生物群落整体上处于稳定状态,但近河口和莱州湾中西部站位受到干扰影响,群落结构不稳定。研究还表明生物量大的底栖生物(软体动物)倾向于向重金属含量较高的站位聚集。综合沉积物化学、预测毒性和底栖生物群落结构变化的评价结果可知,远离黄河口的沉积物环境质量普遍较好,而河口附近的沉积物环境质量较差。 相似文献
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青岛潮间带大型底栖海藻群落的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在青岛潮间带布设了显浪咀、太平角和石老人3个断面,进行了为期1 a(2006年8月～2007年11月)的大型底栖海藻资源调查研究.结果表明:1. 青岛潮间带大型底栖海藻群落的种类组成中红藻种类最多,其次是褐藻,绿藻最少.2. 群落中大型底栖海藻的生物量有明显的季节变化:春季>夏季>秋季>冬季;生物量在垂直分布上表现出中、低潮带均大于高潮带;在水平分布上无明显差异.3. 底栖藻类群落优势种无季节性变化,第一优势种为孔石莼.4. 采集到大型底栖海藻43种,其中红藻门22属24种,占55.8%;褐藻门9属11种,占25.6%;绿藻门6属8种,占18.6%. 相似文献
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三都湾互花米草的遥感监测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文尝试通过分析滩涂上外来入侵植物群落的植物学和生态学特征,就闽东宁德地区三都湾海域的互花米草生长与变化状况,探讨如何实现利用遥感数据快速监测滩涂上的外来入侵植物的方法,为生物入侵监控工作提供决策依据.研究表明以缨帽变换的方法处理LandsatETM 和TM多光谱数据所获得的土壤视面和植被视面为基础,进行分层次分类可监测滩涂上互花米草的生长与分布扩展状况. 相似文献
13.
Maud Cottet Xavier de Montaudouin Hugues Blanchet Pascal Lebleu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):629-640
The cordgrass Spartina anglica is an introduced species that tends to invade sheltered sand and mudflats, at the upper low marsh level. In Arcachon Bay, a lagoon in South West of France, the cordgrass can also replace Zostera noltii beds. The consequence of cordgrass presence on macrobenthic fauna was estimated and compared to adjacent habitats (bare sands, Z. noltii sea grass beds) during one year. The communities of the three habitats were characterised by low species richness, low abundance and biomass (when Hydrobia ulvae, 90% of abundance, is not considered) and high seasonal stability. The infaunal assemblages were particularly homogeneous between habitats without any characteristic species.Cordgrass eradication experiments were performed and zoobenthic recolonisation was observed the following year. Modifications in benthic fauna were observed on epifauna only.These results highlight the limited structuring effect of habitat heterogeneity at high tidal levels and in soft-bottom sediments where desiccation becomes the dominant factor determining infauna community structure. 相似文献
14.
Macrobenthic surf zone communities of temperate sandy beaches: spatial and temporal patterns 
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下载免费PDF全文 The spatial and temporal patterns within the surf zone epibenthic assemblages were studied in a coastal fringe of Argentina to determine whether assemblage compositions, abundance, species richness and diversity vary spatially and temporarily. Sampling was conducted seasonally in two sandy beaches over 2 years with a benthic sledge used to collect the fauna in the upper centimeters of soft bottom sediments and the epifauna on the sediment surface. Physical variables were measured in the same coastal sites where biological sampling was conducted. A total of 58 morphospecies were collected. Peracarid crustaceans were the most abundant group. The mysid Pseudobranchiomysis arenae (new genus–new species) (29.73 ± 17.79 ind. per sample) and the isopod Leptoserolis bonaerensis (51.54 ± 22.35 ind. per sample) were the most abundant and common species and were present regularly throughout the sampling period. Differences in the surf zone community composition were found between the beaches; these differences could be related to variation in physical parameters such as sand grain size and wave climate, indicating the possible influence of the morphodynamic state of the beaches on the epibenthic assemblages. A seasonal abundance trend was detected, reflecting the changes in abundance of the two dominant species; the richness pattern was not easily detectable due to the sporadic appearance of non‐resident species in the surf zone, probably due to different causes, including dispersion by entry of water from surrounding areas, littoral currents and storms. The surf zone studied presents a complex and dynamic epibenthic community that appears to be influenced by the morphodynamic state of the beach and the dynamic of non‐resident species. 相似文献
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对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类分布进行的研究表明,种类的水平分布主要受盐度及海岸开敞度的影响,从近岸到外海,随着盐度及海岸开敞度的增加,潮间带底栖生物的种类数呈增加的趋势。不同海区的优势种不同,近岸较屏蔽区以软体动物及甲壳动物占优势,外海开敞区以甲壳动物及藻类占优势,近外海较开敞区为一过渡区;种类的垂直分布主要受潮区及海岸开敞度的影响,各海区不同潮区生物种类数均为中潮区多于低潮区多于高潮区,高潮区基本上为滨螺分布带,中潮区为日本笠藤壶－藻类带,低潮区为藻类带;外海区种类的季节变化明显,近岸区种类季节变化小。所有物种中,以底栖海藻的季节变化最为明显。 相似文献
16.
Alan L. Shanks 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(2):232-242
Sandy beach/surf‐zone ecosystems are unique environments that, despite the harsh and highly variable hydrodynamic conditions, present a diverse and heterogeneous fauna. However, the dynamics of these ecosystems are currently poorly understood. In this study we tested the hypothesis that surf‐zone assemblages vary with temporal factors such as time of day, tide and tidal height. To test this hypothesis, the surf‐zone community of Bastendorff, a Southern Oregon sandy beach was sampled during the summer of 2006. Samples were collected to (i) describe the smaller, benthic and larger swimming assemblages, (ii) determine whether assemblage compositions, densities, species richness and diversity vary with time of day, tide and tidal height, (iii) explore potential reasons for the variation by correlating environmental factors to the assemblages, and (iv) identify particular species that most strongly exhibit these variations. A hyperbenthic sledge, a sediment corer and a beach seine were used to collect the smaller swimming, benthic and larger swimming fauna, respectively. Sampling occurred during day and night, spring and neap tide, and high, mid and low tide. A total of 76,743 individuals belonging to 105 species were collected. Ninety‐one invertebrate (72,904 individuals), 15 invertebrates (2234 individuals), and 19 invertebrate and vertebrate species (1605 individuals) were collected with the sledge, corer and seine, respectively. Nine species of fish were caught, 98% of which were juveniles. The smaller and larger swimming assemblages varied most strongly with the time of day, suggesting certain species will actively move to the shallow surf‐zone at night. The three assemblages also varied with the tide, potentially due to the larger waves and higher abundance of detached macrophytes observed during spring tides when compared to neap tides, which could push individuals into the surf zone. The benthic assemblage most strongly varied with tidal height and sand grain size, confirming the presence of different faunal zones within Oregon sandy beaches. Finally, several variables of the swimming assemblages varied with temperature and salinity, suggesting that downwelling favorable conditions may have transported species close to shore. Bastendorff presents a complex and diverse surf‐zone community that appears to be influenced by diel species movements, environmental variables such as wave height and abundance of detached macrophytes, and regional oceanographic conditions. 相似文献
17.
Keun-Hyung Choi Sung-Mi Lee Sang-Min Lim Mark Walton Gyung-Soo Park 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(3):307-317
Yellow Sea tidal flats are internationally recognised for their contribution to biological diversity and yet are under enormous
pressure from reclamation, pollution and overexploitation. The benthic macroinfauna community is the dominant community on
these tidal flats and a reliable indicator of benthic environmental changes. We surveyed the current benthic macroinfauna
community of the Ganghwa Southern Tidal Flat, the largest remaining Korean mud flat in the Yellow Sea, in order to examine
changes in the environmental situation of this benthic ecosystem. The results show a significant decline in species diversity
from the last survey made in 2003, and a shift in species composition with appearances of polychaetes indicative of pollution
and physical disturbances and other opportunistic species becoming dominant in both density and biomass. The benthic community
shift observed during the two study periods may be associated with increased nutrient pollution as well as increased physical
disturbances in this area. However, we recognise the limitations of the data both in frequency and scope but believe the significant
changes to the composition of the benthic fauna are sufficient to warrant concern. Observations are required to examine the
extent to which these human activities induce benthic community shift in this tidal flat. 相似文献
18.
沐官岛潮间带底栖海藻春秋季节的群落构成、生物量、分布及其变化的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于1990年5月和11月份海藻生长繁殖季节，进行两次不同方位定性和定量采集工作，结果定性样品42种，东南方位种数大大超过其它3个方位，群落构成以红藻为主，定量样品两个季度月平均生物量也以东南方位最高。该岛主要优势种为鼠尾藻。 相似文献
19.
2001年8月至2002年7月,对厦门岛东海岸黄厝沙滩底栖甲藻的种类组成和优势种的时空分布进行了为每月一次的调查,共鉴定甲藻种类46种,其中底栖种39种,常见种14种,优势种4种.Amphidinium britannicum和Adenoides sp.为冬春季优势种,Herdmania litoraris和Peri-dinium quinquecorne为夏秋优势种,优势种的季节更替比较明显.夏秋季节的种数多,冬春季节的种数少,细胞数量高峰出现在春夏季,秋冬两季数量很少,由夏季的200多个每克干沙减少到冬末的0~4个/g干沙;多样性指数和均匀度呈双峰型分布,峰值出现在10和2月,谷值出现在12月和7月.空间分布上,底栖甲藻的总细胞密度和优势种的细胞密度呈现由高潮带向中、低潮带增加的趋势.分析了影响厦门东海岸沙滩底栖甲藻时空分布的主要因素,并探讨了沙滩底栖甲藻与近岸赤潮及着色砂现象的关系. 相似文献