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1.
以植物病原真菌尖刀镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为指示菌,采用平板扩散法从实验室极地微生物资源库中筛选到12株具有明显抑菌作用的活性菌株。分子鉴定与系统发育分析表明,7株活性菌株属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas)、3株属于嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter)、1株属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、1株属于伦黑墨氏菌(Rheinheimera)。抑菌谱测定结果表明,不同活性菌株的抑菌谱也有所不同,12株活性菌株对尖刀镰孢菌、辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora copsici)、大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)、瓜亡革菌(Thanatephorus cucumeris)均有一定的抑制作用,而对葡枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)均没有抑制作用;除菌株1-Z11,1-Z18,4-Z11,4-Z18,IS-010-07-1,P3-11-10-1,Z18-3外,其余5株菌株均对水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)有抑制作用。对一株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株Psychrobacter sp.P4-11-07-1生长条件的研究表明,当培养温度为5～30℃,培养基盐度为0～45,初始pH值为5.0～11.0时,菌株P4-11-07-1均可生长并产生抑菌活性物质,对应抑菌活性最高的培养条件分别是:培养温度为25℃,培养基盐度为0,初始pH为7.0。 相似文献
2.
采用培养与16S rRNA基因序列比对的方法,对海水网箱养殖区底泥中的可培养细菌进行研究。结果表明,网箱正下方的产芽孢细菌比例高达50%,随着离网箱距离的增加,产芽孢细菌的比例明显降低,200m远时,其比例降至17%。从3个采样点分离纯化出91株产芽孢细菌,对其菌落形态、菌体形态的研究和部分菌株16S rRNA基因的DGGE带型和序列分析表明,91株产芽孢细菌中,有85株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的10个种,25个发育型;6株属于盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)的1个种,3个发育型。芽孢杆菌属的B.marisflavi、B.baekryungensis、B.aquaemaris、B.pumilu等4个种为优势类群。此外,接近半数的产芽孢细菌能代谢含硫化合物,部分菌株能够还原硝酸盐或分解无机磷化合物,仅有3株菌具有亚硝酸盐还原作用。 相似文献
3.
通过CCK8法检测分离自深海一株深海耐压菌Shewanella piezotolerans WP3次生代谢产物的细胞毒活性,研究了温度、压力、噬菌体对WP3次生代谢产物细胞毒活性的影响.发现WP3次生代谢产物具有良好细胞毒活性.低温因素可提高其细胞毒活性,在100μg/cm^3的含量下,代谢产物对肿瘤细胞Bel7402、CNE2、A549、HT1080细胞毒活性均有提高,其中对A549细胞毒活性提高了1.3倍.在最适温度（20℃）情况下,高压可降低其细胞毒活性.20 MPa培养条件下,代谢产物对4株肿瘤细胞均未表现出明显活性,而常压培养条件下对SW 480具有93.3%的抑制率,对HT1080抑制率表现出87.5%,对CNE2抑制率是79.8%.在低温情况下,压力因素对其细胞毒活性无影响,噬菌体对细胞毒活性影响不大.HPLC指纹图谱分析发现不同温度条件下,其次生代谢产物指纹图谱有变化,结合细胞毒活性结果分析,为后期分离鉴定细胞毒活性化合物提供指导. 相似文献
4.
采用麻痹性贝类毒素小白鼠生物测定法 ,研究了在可控生态条件下两株海洋细菌S1 0 、P42 对塔玛亚历山大藻生长及其产毒量的影响。结果表明 ,菌株S1 0 在较高浓度下对藻细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用 ,在较低浓度下抑藻生长作用较弱 ,不同浓度的菌株S1 0 均能有效地抑制藻细胞内麻痹性贝类毒素的产生 ,且在较低浓度下效果较好 ;菌株P42 对该藻的作用恰好与S1 0 相反 ,在较低浓度下明显抑制藻细胞的生长 ,不同浓度的菌株P42 也能有效地抑藻产毒 ,且在较高浓度下作用较明显。实验用的藻株毒力约为 ( 0 .95— 1 2 .1 4)× 1 0 - 6MU/cell,属于低毒藻株 ,该藻株在培养第 1 4天达到毒性最高峰 ,峰值为 1 2 .1 4× 1 0 - 6MU/cell,之后逐渐下降。讨论了海洋细菌在赤潮生物防治中的应用前景 相似文献
5.
几种海洋溶藻菌溶藻效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择海南三亚红沙港易发赤潮--塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)做为实验藻类,从三亚红沙港海域筛选的海洋细菌中分离出一株溶藻细菌,编号为B7和已发现具有抑藻作用的:恶臭假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌作为实验材料与两种藻共同培养表现的牛态关系的差异性.结果表明:在实验室条件下,分别在藻细胞生长的延滞期和指数期加入细菌过滤液,发现4种海洋细菌的过滤液对两种藻生长有不同的抑制作用效果.同时文中对海洋细菌抑藻作用机理、赤潮的生物防治可能性进行了讨论. 相似文献
6.
从青岛近海海泥中分离了57 株细菌, 通过毒性实验, 得到了一株对浒苔具有较强毒性的细菌EP23。对该菌株进行了菌落、菌体形态学观察、生理生化特征分析及16S rDNA 序列分析, 鉴定该菌为弯曲芽孢杆菌（Bacillus flexus）。该菌培养液高速离心的上清液对浒苔具有较强毒性, 表明弯曲芽孢杆菌EP23 是通过... 相似文献
7.
一株溶藻细菌（Pseudoalteromonas sp．）的分离鉴定及溶藻活性初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从海南洋浦港沉积物中分离到一株具有较强溶藻活性的细菌(编号Z3).通过对该菌株进行形态和生理测试以及16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定此菌为交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.).该菌对链状亚历山大藻(Alexan-drium catenella)和塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)有溶藻活性,对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生长无影响,表明菌株Z3溶藻活性具有种属特异性.通过该菌的菌体悬浮液和除去菌体滤液对链状亚历山大藻实验表明,此菌株具既有直接溶藻作用又有间接溶藻活性. 相似文献
8.
产低温淀粉酶的海洋真菌筛选及研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
从黄、东海的近海海底泥样中分离到6株产淀粉酶活力较高的丝状真菌，对其中产淀粉酶活力最高的Penicillum sp.FS 010441号菌体产酶条件及酶学性质进行了初步研究。该菌最适生长温度为15℃，最高生长温度为40℃，在0℃也可生长，是典型的耐冷菌。对Penicillum sp.FS 010441进行固体培养每克干曲酶活达2622U.Penicillum sp.FS 010441所产低温淀粉酶最适作用pH值为6.0，最适反应温度为40℃，但在0℃也表现出一定酶活，而在15℃有较强的酶活。该低温淀粉酶在洗涤、食品、饲料、制药和酿酒等行业可望有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
10.
一株海洋聚磷菌YSR-3的分离与鉴定 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
采用平板分离法,从黄海海域分离到一株聚磷菌,编号为YSR-3,对其进行了部分生理生化特性以及分子特性的研究。结果表明,YSR-3菌体呈杆状,大小为3·5μm×1μm,革兰氏染色阴性,好氧生长;显微镜下观察能运动。最适培养条件为:氯化钠浓度3%,生长温度为24℃,起始pH值为6·5。该菌能在细胞内累积多磷酸盐形成异染粒。16SrDNA鉴定结果表明,YSR-3属于γ-变形菌纲、盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。与盐单胞菌属中的其他已知种比较,YSR-3具有其特性:对氯霉素和卡那霉素敏感、淀粉水解呈阳性、反硝化和几丁质降解呈阴性、能将葡萄糖作为唯一碳源和能源。 相似文献
11.
Bacterial communities of different respiratory types were isolated from a marine sediment in a multiple chemostat system in an attempt to obtain bacterial cultures representative of the sediment. The fatty acid distribution of a mixed culture of sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from this system showed a good correlation with the lipid distribution of the zone of maximum sulphate-reduction activity within the sediment. Both distributions had significant concentrations of C14 : 0, iso and anteiso C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7 and C18 : 1ω7. This was in contrast to the lipid profile of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans obtained by batch enrichment, which was dominated by iso C17 : 1ω7 fatty acids and correlated poorly with the sediment. The bacterial community cultured from the sediment was further differentiated according to respiratory types (aerobic, facultative aerobic and facultative anaerobic) by growth in a chemostat under defined conditions. The fatty acid distributions of these communities were sufficiently different to enable the various respiratory types to be recognized by their particular fatty acid composition. Cyclopropyl fatty acids (?17 and ?19) were present in significant levels only in the aerobic bacteria, while the facultative aerobes had significantly higher C18 : 1ω7 than the other cultures and the facultative anaerobic community was the only culture to have significant amounts of C12 : 0. The fatty acid distribution of Loch Eil sediment over the range C12-19 seemed to be predominantly of bacterial origin and were relatively abundant to a depth of 6 cm. The concentration of cyclopropyl fatty acids was highest in the oxidized surface sediments and decreased with depth as anaerobic conditions began to dominate, indicating that these fatty acids may only be indicative of aerobic sedimentary bacteria. In contrast to the fatty acids characteristic of bacteria, those fatty acids in the range C20-30 attributed to a terrestrial input were found in relatively constant concentrations over the whole 0–12 cm depth profile. 相似文献
12.
Takeshi Naganuma Eiko Ikemoto Shunji Sukizaki Yoshito Tsuji Hiroshi Hotta 《Journal of Oceanography》1990,46(3):111-117
Hydrothermal venting and associated fauna were observed in the mid-Okinawa Trough during deep-sea diving byShinkai 2000. Water and organisms were collected there for on-board cultivation of sulfur bacteria. Sulfur bacteria capable of growing on an inorganic medium containing thiosulfate were subcultured and isolated. The isolated chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria were all rod- to beanshaped, nonsporing, and gram-negative. They could also grow on an organic medium and thus were shown to be facultative chemoautotrophs. Their facultative chemoautotrophy would result in synergetic metabolism of both inorganic and organic substrates; thus the sulfur bacteria could be highly adaptive to nutritional diversity of hydrothermal vent areas. 相似文献
13.
含铬废水的微生物净化实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
处理含铬工业废水,一般都是用化学的、物理的方法。关于微生物方法,在国外已有实验资料,但在国内尚未见报道。兹将我们运用微生物方法处理含铬废水的实验结果介绍如下: 相似文献
14.
红色无硫细菌处理高浓度鱼品废水的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从城市生活污水的沉降污泥中分离出三株红色无硫细菌,经鉴定R1为胶质红假单胞菌(Rhodopscudomonas gelatinosa),R2为沼泽红假单胞菌(R palustris)、RS-1为红螺属(Rhodosprillum)的一种。R1与R2均为兼性需氧和兼性光能利用菌,RS-1为专性厌氧光合菌。作者提出了它们的主要生理、生化特性和最适生长条件,最后确定R1、R2是较有利用前途的优势种类。作者利用上述分离的菌株对高浓度的鱼品废水进行了净化处理试验,得出R1对CODcr的去除率约为65％,R2的去除率为74％以上。二者混合使用可提高至87％。作者还发现废水中的非光合性杂生菌有助于提高光合细菌的净化力。 相似文献
15.
Distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their importance as the bacterial consumer in a eutrophic coastal seawater 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Kimio Fukami Noriyuki Murata Yuuki Morio Toshitaka Nishijima 《Journal of Oceanography》1996,52(4):399-407
Seasonal and vertical changes in abundances of bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and HNF grazing on bacteria were investigated in a small eutrophic inlet of Uranouchi-Wan throughout the years. Bacterial densities in the surface water ranged from 1.2 to 11 (average 4.3)×106 cells ml–1 with a couple of maxima following the algal blooming. Densities of HNF ranged from 0.54 to 73 (average 16.4)×103 cells ml–1 in the surface, and showed almost similar fluctuation pattern to that of bacteria with a time lag of about 1 to 2 weeks. Grazing rates of HNF on bacteria obtained by FLB method were 4.78 to 16.9 (average 10.3±SD 4.8) cells HNF–1h–1 in the surface layer in summer, and consequent total bacterial consumption rates by HNF fluctuated from 4 to 99×104 cells ml–1h–1. In deeper layers, however, as HNF densities and grazing rates on bacteria were low, the grazing pressure of HNF on bacteria was small. Turnover times of bacteria by HNF grazing in the surface layer were calculated as relatively constant values of 40 to 60 h, however, it decreased to as low as 6 to 7 h when the HNF activity was highest. These results indicate that bacteria grew so actively by consuming organic matter in seawater as to compensate high HNF grazing pressure, and that bacteria and HNF in the microbial loop play important roles on the turnover of substrates in coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Chemistry》2002,80(1):1-9
Two extremely piezophilic bacteria, DB21MT-2 and DB21MT-5, isolated from sediments of the Mariana Trench at 11,000 m, were grown in the laboratory under low-temperature (10 °C) and high-pressure (70 MPa) conditions. Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and isotopic compositions of individual fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) in order to determine isotopic fractionation effects during biosynthesis. The piezophiles are characterized by fatty acids with carbon chains ranging from 14 to 22 carbons in length and by the presence of abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fatty acids from each culture exhibit a wide range of isotopic compositions (δ13C vs. Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB)). With two exceptions (C15:0 and C17:1 from DB21MT-2), all fatty acids are depleted in 13C relative to that of bulk carbon in the bacterial growth substrate. In addition, strain DB21MT-2 shows systematically higher (less negative) δ13C values than strain DB21MT-5. The implications for isotope fractionation in fatty acid biosynthesis and the interpretation of isotopic composition of sedimentary fatty acids are discussed. It is suggested that the same type of microorganisms could have rather different δ13C under the same growth conditions, and that sedimentary fatty acids with distinct δ13C values do not necessarily have to originate from different organisms. Interpretation of δ13C values of sedimentary biomarkers may be complicated by such large variations in δ13C of fatty acids given that they are biosynthesized by the same type of microorganisms grown under identical conditions. 相似文献
17.
QU Liang WANG Renjun ZHAO Peng CHEN Ruinan ZHOUWenli TANG Liuqing TANG Xuexi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):135-140
Research of interaction mechanism between Chlorella vulgaris and two bacterial strains(Z-QD08 and Z-QS01)were conducted under laboratory conditions.Growth rates of bacteria and C.vulgaris were tested under co-culture conditions to evaluate the effects of concentrations of C.vulgaris and bacteria on their interactions.To test whether the availability of inorganic nutrients,vitamins and trace metals affects the interactions between C.vulgaris and bacteria,experiments were performed with or without the culture medium filtrate of C.vulgaris or bacteria.The results showed that the growth of C.vulgaris was promoted at low concentrations of bacteria(5×106cells/ml),and expressed a positive correlation with the bacteria density,whereas opposite trend was observed for treatments with high bacteria density(10×106cells/ml and 20×106cells/ml).The growth rate of bacteria decreased with the increasing concentrations of C.vulgaris.The growth of bacteria Z-QD08 was inhibited by C.vulgaris through interference competition,while the mechanism for interaction between bacteria Z-QS01 and C.vulgaris was resource competition.The influence of cell density on the interaction between microalgae and bacteria was also discussed.These experiments confirm some elements of published theory on interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and microalgae and suggest that heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the development of blooms in natural waters. 相似文献
18.
对养殖和野生皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino )不同个体间肠道菌群数量和种类组成进行了研究, 并采用PCR-DGGE 指纹技术对比分析了二者肠道优势菌群的差异。研究结果表明, 养殖和野生皱纹盘鲍肠道好氧及兼性厌氧菌总数分别为(3.50±0.85)×106个/g, (3.03±1.10)×106个/g; 两组鲍鱼肠道优势菌基本相同, 均为弧菌属(Vibrio), 次优势菌均为玫瑰杆菌属(Roseobacter) 和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella), 在养殖组中检测到芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 表明皱纹盘鲍对肠道细菌具有特异选择性。此外, PCR-DGGE 指纹图谱结果表明, 从养殖和野生皱纹盘鲍肠道样品分别获得14 条和12 条扩增条带,其中人工组中有2 条特异性条带; 二者相似性系数(戴斯系数)为92.31%。 相似文献
19.
为探索印度洋深海沉积物中纯培养细菌的多样性,本文对采自印度洋12个沉积物样品进行细菌纯培养分离,共获得343株细菌.所有细菌采用16S?rRNA基因进行比对分析,鉴定为4个门:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroi... 相似文献
20.
The effect of pressure on leucine and thymidine incorporation by free-living bacteria and by bacteria attached to sinking oceanic particles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of pressure on upper ocean free-living bacteria and bacteria attached to rapidly sinking particles was investigated through studying their ability to synthesize DNA and protein by measuring their rate of 3H-thymidine and 3H-leucine incorporation. Studies were carried out on samples from the NE Atlantic under the range of pressures (1–430 atm) encountered by sinking aggregates during their journey to the deep-sea bed. Thymidine and leucine incorporation rates per bacterium attached to sinking particles from 200 m were about six and ten times higher, respectively, than the free-living bacterial assemblage. The ratio of leucine incorporation rate per cell to thymidine incorporation rate per cell was significantly different between the larger attached (18.9:1) and smaller free-living (10.4:1) assemblages. The rates of leucine and thymidine incorporation decreased exponentially with increasing pressure for the free-living and linearly for attached bacteria, while there was no significant influence of pressure on cell numbers. At 100 atm leucine and thymidine incorporation rate per free-living bacterium was reduced to 73 and 20%, respectively, relative to that measured at 1 atm. Pressure of 100 atm reduced leucine and thymidine incorporation per attached bacterium to 94 and 70%, and at 200 atm these rates were reduced to 34 and 51%, respectively, relative to those measured at 1 atm. There was no significant uncoupling of thymidine and leucine incorporation for either the free-living or attached bacterial assemblages with increasing pressure, indicating that the processess of DNA and protein synthesis may be equally affected by increasing pressure. It is therefore unlikely that bacteria, originating from surface waters, attached to rapidly sinking particles play a role in particle remineralization below approximately 1000–2000 m. These results may help to explain the occurrence of relatively fresh aggregates on the deep-sea bed that still contain sufficient organic carbon to fuel the rapid growth of benthic micro-organisms; they also indicate that the effect of pressure on microbial processes may be important in oceanic biogeochemical cycles. 相似文献