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1.
通过分析快速叶绿素a荧光动力学上升（荧光快相）和JIP-test的参数探讨了干出对石莼光系统II特征的影响。结果表明，起始荧光（Fo）随水分的丧失明显增加，在失水达到67％时快速叶绿素a荧光动力学曲线出现一个平台，即O-J-I-P上升转变为O-J上升（J=I=P）。随着水分丧失的增加，以单位反应中心为单位的天线色素吸收的能量（ABS／RC）和用于热耗散的能量（DIo／RC）增加，当失水达到67％时，ABS／RC和DIo／RC分别达到起始时的127．5％和225.4％；用于电子传递的能量（ETo／RC）并没有明显变化；而捕获的能量（TRo／RC）在失水超过31％时明显下降。干出导致最大光化学效率（QPo）、电子传递的量子产额（φEo）和捕获的激子能导致电子传递的效率（ψo）均明显下降，在失水达到67％时，与未失水相比分别下降24．5％、86．4％和898％。而在J点的叶绿素a相对荧光（VJ）随着水分的丧失明显升高，同时单位面积上激活的反应中心数量明显减少。以上结果表明干出对石莼光合作用PSII的影响主要是由于PSII反应中心的失活和PSII受体侧电子传递的抑制。 相似文献
2.
重金属胁迫对塔胞藻细胞密度及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用调制式叶绿素荧光仪测定了重金属(Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+)胁迫(24h、48h、72h和96h)对塔胞藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响.测定的主要参数有:PSII的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对表现电子传递效率(rETR)、光化学淬灭(qP... 相似文献
3.
以热带库里亚藻(Coolia tropicalis)为研究对象, 在不同锰浓度(0、1、5、10、50μmol·L -1)的人工海水培养15d, 利用叶绿素荧光动力学技术研究了其生长和光合作用对不同锰环境的响应。结果表明: 1)比生长速率(μ)和最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax)与锰浓度均呈指数关系且对锰胁迫具有相同程度的响应; 2)锰浓度至少大于1μmol·L -1才能维持热带库里亚藻正常的光合作用活性, 当锰浓度低于该浓度时, 光合作用活性(Fv/Fm)在6d后开始下降, 而单位反应中心吸收光能(ABS/RC)和热能耗散(DI0/RC)升高; 两个反应中心之间的电子传递(φE0)及生长并未受影响, 表明此阶段锰缺乏只影响活性光反应中心数量并提高热耗散途径; 当锰缺乏延长至15d时, 胁迫作用显现(F0上升)并且电子传递(φE0)和生长受到抑制, 这阶段锰缺乏使光反应中心关闭且电子传递受阻; 3)锰缺乏的修复损伤比(r/k)并未降低, 表明锰缺乏并未影响热带库里亚藻的光保护能力。 相似文献
4.
重金属胁迫对杜氏盐藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了杜氏盐藻Dunaliella salina在不同浓度的Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+等重金属离子胁迫一段时间(24、48、72和96 h)后,叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况。测定的主要参数有:PSII的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对光合电子传递效率(rETR)、光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)。研究结果表明,当Cu2+浓度范围在600~800μmol/L时,杜氏盐藻的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield、rETR和qP均明显降低,NPQ变化不规律,随着胁迫时间的延长,除qP在96 h时有所上升外,各荧光参数均逐渐降低;Zn2+胁迫下Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield和rETR随着浓度的增加而降低,NPQ先下降后上升,qP仅在Zn2+浓度范围(800~3200μmol/L)下明显下降,随着胁迫时间的延长,各荧光参数均逐渐降低;Cd2+胁迫下各荧光参数均明显下降,随着胁迫时间的延长,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和NPQ先下降后上升,在48 h时达到最低值,Yield、rETR和qP均逐渐降低。在3种重金属离子胁迫下,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量也显著降低。根据3种重金属离子的半抑制浓度(EC50),其毒性大小顺序为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+。 相似文献
5.
采用筏式吊养的大型经济海藻坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)在栽培生长期间, 常周期性地处于干出状态。本文通过测定不同水膜状态下坛紫菜的叶绿素荧光动力学相关系数, 探讨了干出状态下坛紫菜叶状体表面水膜的理化特性与失水对其光合作用光化学特性的影响。实验数据显示, 干出初始状态下, 叶状体表面水膜pH值的升高对坛紫菜的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、光化学淬灭系数qP、非光化学淬灭系数NPQ、最大相对电子传递速率ETRm和光能利用效率α均无显著性影响。当坛紫菜叶状体表面水膜盐度为0~75‰时, Fv/Fm、qP、NPQ、ETRm和α均保持稳定; 当叶状体表面水膜盐度增加到75‰~150‰时, Fv/Fm、NPQ、α和ETRm则显著下降, 较盐度为33‰时分别下降了66%、84%、70%和60%, 表明覆盖高盐度水膜的叶状体PSⅡ反应中心活性受到抑制。坛紫菜叶状体在失水初期的光合活性不受影响, 当叶状体表面水膜厚度降到0后, 叶状体细胞内部开始失水, 光合活性也显著下降。严重脱水状态(失水率为75%)下, Fv/Fm、NPQ、α和ETRm较失水初期分别下降了41%、69%、38%和43%。这些研究结果表明, 坛紫菜叶状体在干出失水初期, 水分损失是由于表面水膜损失引起的, 水膜厚度随着失水率的增加呈线性下降, 表面水膜厚度的下降影响了藻体的热耗散能力; 随着失水率进一步增加, 叶状体的光合活性和热耗散能力受到不利影响, 其中热耗散能力对叶状体含水量的变化更为敏感。 相似文献
6.
以硅藻三角褐指藻为实验材料,研究升温(24℃)与氮限制(40μmol/L)对藻细胞生长及光合特性的影响。结果显示,氮限制使得电子从Q_A~-到Q_B的传递受阻,降低了其对光能的吸收利用效率,导致其对高光强的耐受能力下降,从而降低生长速率。而升温并未影响三角褐指藻细胞电子传递速率、单位反应中心耗散的能量(DI_o/RC)、捕获的用于还原Q_A的能量(TR_o/RC)以及吸收的能量(ABS/RC)等,表明升温对其PSⅡ光化学反应影响不显著。但应对高光强时,升温使得藻细胞修复速率降低,导致藻细胞受光抑制明显。本研究表明,相对于温度,氮限制对三角褐指藻细胞光合作用和生长的影响更为显著,而海水升温与氮限制耦合作用会进一步影响三角褐指藻的初级生产贡献。 相似文献
7.
重金属胁迫对纤细角毛藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )胁迫不同时间(24,48,72和96 h)后,纤细角毛藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况.测定的主要参数有:PSII最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm),PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo),PSII实际光能转化效率(Yield=ΦPSII),相对光合电子传递效率(rETR),光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ).实验结果表明,重金属离子(Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )胁迫下纤细角毛藻的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,Yield和rETR均明显降低,并且随着重金属离子浓度的增加,胁迫时间的延长,下降幅度逐步增大;重金属胁迫下,细胞密度和叶绿素含量也显著降低.3种重金属离子的半抑制浓度(EC50)的计算结果表明,胁迫时间为24和48 h时,3种重金属离子对纤细角毛藻各叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,Yield,Chll content)的毒性大小顺序为Cu2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cd2 ;胁迫时间为72和96 h时,3种重金属离子的毒性大小顺序为Cd2 ＞Cu2 ＞Zn2 .本文还对叶绿素荧光技术在检测微藻对重金属胁迫敏感性中的应用进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
8.
盐度降低对长心卡帕藻原初光化学反应的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为探讨大量降雨如何导致热带产胶海藻长心卡帕藻死亡,通过快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线分析,研究了盐度降低对热带产胶海藻长心卡帕藻光化学反应的影响,结果表明,盐度降低对PSⅡ反应中心、供体和受体侧的光化学过程产生不同程度的影响。盐度为28时,虽然反应中心开放程度下降11%,受体侧PQ库减小,QA被还原次数下降,反应中心吸收光能出现下降同时热耗散能量出现增加,但是单位面积反应中心RC/CS0,RC/CSm数量显著增加,单位反应中心(或面积)用于电子传递能量都增加,因此最大光能转化效率未降低,光合性能指数甚至增加。上述结果意味着虽然盐度下降到28改变了长心卡帕藻光化学过程,但并没有严重影响到光合作用效率,属于可逆胁变。盐度降低到22时,长心卡帕藻反应中心吸收、捕获和用于电子传递的能量均下降,但是热耗散能上升,反应中心受体侧PQ库和QA被还原次数均显著下降,向反应中心PSⅠ传递的电子受阻,即盐度低于22时长心卡帕藻未有效转化所吸收光能,过剩激发能对光合机构产生损伤,藻体光合开始发生不可逆胁变。当盐度为18时,该藻PSⅡ开放的反应中心数量大大减少,单位面积内电子传递能量也减少,其最大光能转化效率和光合性能指数均明显下降,因此盐度低于18时藻体不可避免地死亡。 相似文献
9.
以盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)为实验材料,研究在不同盐度(5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130)下处理不同时间后(12、24和48h),该藻的生长及叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况。结果表明,盐生杜氏藻生长和进行光合作用的最适盐度为100,适宜盐度范围为20~110。在盐度过低(20)和过高(110)的胁迫条件下,盐生杜氏藻PSII的荧光指标(Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv/Fo和rETR)显著降低。该藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量均在盐度100时达到最大值。相关性分析结果表明,盐生杜氏藻的荧光指标(Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、Fv/Fo和rETR)与细胞密度呈极显著的正相关性,因此可通过PSII荧光指标的变化来反映该藻对盐胁迫的耐受性。本文还对盐胁迫下盐生杜氏藻的响应机制和叶绿素荧光技术在筛选耐盐微藻品种中的应用进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
10.
在实验室控制条件下,研究了无机磷磷酸二氢钠(NaH_2PO_4)及3种有机磷源三磷酸腺苷二钠盐(adenosine disodium triphosphate,ATP)、β-甘油磷酸二钠(sodiumβ-glycerophosphate,G-P)和D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸(D-Glucose 6-phosphate,D-G-6-P)对杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)生长及PSII系统的影响。结果表明,杜氏盐藻在ATP和NaH_2PO_4的磷环境中生长迅速,最大比生长速率(μ_(max))分别为(0.736±0.0158)/d和(0.667±0.0553)/d;而β-甘油磷酸二钠和D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸培养条件下盐藻生长则具有滞后效应,μ_(max)分别为(0.232±0.0114)/d和(0.31±0.0077)/d。ATP和NaH_2PO_4作为磷源时,盐藻最大电子传递效率(ETR_(max))和最大饱和光强(I_k)显著高于β-甘油磷酸二钠和D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸处理组(P0.05),而NPQ则呈相反。JIP-test参数可知,单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、t=0时单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR_0/RC)和最大光化学效率(Φ_(P0))在各组间差异不显著(P0.05),但β-甘油磷酸二钠和D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸处理组单位反应中心耗散掉的能量(DI_0/RC)显著增加(P0.05),ψ_0和Φ_(E0)显著降低(P0.05)。表明β-甘油磷酸二钠和D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸作为磷源时盐藻光合系统反应活性中心(RC)部分关闭,反应活性中心的数量(RC/CS_0)减少,PSⅡ受体侧电子传递受到影响,能量耗散效率提高。综上可知,杜氏盐藻均能利用无机磷和有机磷作为磷源供其生长,但ATP作为磷源使得盐藻在最短时间进入对数期,生物量显著提高(P0.05)。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
15.
16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
19.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献