共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
寄生性病原血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium sp.)逐渐成为危害我国沿海养殖三疣梭子蟹、锯缘青蟹、脊尾白对虾等蟹虾类的致病性病原。为研究血卵涡鞭虫在我国北方的感染、流行情况,2012年7—11月间,作者从山东半岛三疣梭子蟹的主要养殖区域和邻近海域随机采集梭子蟹样品,进行了血淋巴、组织病理、电镜和分子生物学检测,首次在从胶南和莱州湾养殖区采集的梭子蟹中发现了血卵涡鞭虫感染。在感染血卵涡鞭虫的梭子蟹血淋巴中,共发现了该寄生性病原的四个生活史阶段:丝状滋养体、单细胞滋养体、滋养体聚合体和多核孢子体;该区域发现的血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium sp.)形态上与其他报道Hematodinium spp.类似,与在我国东南沿海报道发现的血卵涡鞭虫有亲密的遗传关系;人工感染实验表明该寄生性虫具感染性并对宿主的主要器官造成显著的病理变化。该研究表明血卵涡鞭虫感染养殖蟹类不仅局限于我国东南沿海,在我国北方的养殖蟹类中也存在;这些养殖区普遍采用的混合养殖模式可能一定程度上加剧了该寄生性病原的传播、扩散,因此其传播扩散方式亟需进一步调查研究。 相似文献
2.
血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)是一类感染海水甲壳类的致病性寄生甲藻,在全球主要经济蟹、虾类中频繁导致流行性病害,严重危害我国沿海重要经济蟹类的渔业生产。为进一步厘清血卵涡鞭虫的生活史,通过血涂片法、H&E染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,苏木精-伊红染色法)和体外培养方法系统研究了从我国沿海天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)中分离的血卵涡鞭虫株系的生活史,描述并比较了血卵涡鞭虫在宿主体内(血淋巴、组织)和体外培养体系中各生活史阶段的细胞形态,并进一步探究了温度对血卵涡鞭虫生活史发展的影响。结果表明,血卵涡鞭虫在感染宿主过程中经历了丝状滋养体、类变形虫滋养体、蛛网状滋养体、团块状聚合体、孢子母细胞、孢子前细胞和孢子等生活史阶段。温度显著影响血卵涡鞭虫的细胞生长发育与增殖过程;在实验低温(10℃)和高温(30℃)条件下,血卵涡鞭虫不能在宿主体内顺利寄生增殖;在15~25℃范围内,温度越高其细胞生长发育及细胞增殖速度越快,而在15℃和20℃条件下,血卵涡鞭虫可在感染的天津厚蟹体内产生大量游动孢子并释放到水体中。 相似文献
3.
血卵涡鞭虫是一类主要感染海产甲壳类的致病性寄生性甲藻。近年来,该寄生性病原在我国沿海主要经济蟹类养殖区域流行性发病,给当地蟹类养殖业造成了严重经济损失。为厘清血卵涡鞭虫的生活史形态,了解宿主的病理损伤机制,本文通过血涂片法和HE染色法系统研究了感染过程中该寄生虫的形态变化和宿主的组织病理变化。结果表明,血卵涡鞭虫在感染过程中经历丝状滋养体、单核/双核/多核滋养体、团聚体、蛛网状滋养体、孢子前细胞及孢子等不同生活史阶段。感染导致三疣梭子蟹发生系统性病理变化,肝胰腺、心脏、鳃、肌肉等器官和组织在不同感染阶段均发生相应程度的组织病理变化,主要表现为体细胞破损或坏死、细胞间隙模糊、疏松结缔组织充斥大量寄生虫细胞。最终由于寄生虫在宿主主要器官组织间隙内大量增殖,导致重度感染的梭子蟹器官或组织功能破坏、丧失而死亡。 相似文献
4.
血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)是一类严重危害海洋甲壳类动物的新型寄生性病原,可引发养殖三疣梭子蟹“牛奶病”,导致梭子蟹大量死亡,造成巨大经济损失。目前,对于血卵涡鞭虫在日照养殖梭子蟹中的流行发生情况还未见报道,2020年8月和2021年5～11月期间在日照主要梭子蟹养殖区开展流行病学调查研究,通过形态学观察、组织病理检测和分子生物学鉴定发现了血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium perezi)在日照地区的流行分布,并发现其流行病发生在6～9月间,高发期为7～8月,感染率高达52.5%。感染宿主的血淋巴和心脏、肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉等组织中发现了丝状滋养体、类变形虫滋养体、蛛网状滋养体、团块状聚合体、孢子前细胞和孢子等血卵涡鞭虫的多个生活史阶段。在养殖池塘环境水体中检测到血卵涡鞭虫存在,水体中血卵涡鞭虫丰度与宿主感染率存在错峰现象,间隔3～4周。流行病的发生与水体温度和盐度变化密切相关,7～8月较高的水温(26.2～28.6°C)促进了血卵涡鞭虫在宿主体内快速增殖及流行病爆发,而较低的盐度(20.7～25.3)可能抑制了环境水体中血卵涡鞭虫的存活及其传播扩散。以上研究结果初步... 相似文献
5.
为解析拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血卵涡鞭虫病的流行病学特征,于2012年4—11月采用跟踪监测和实地调查的方法,结合病原分离鉴定及病蟹的病理学观察,统计分析了浙江省温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的流行情况。结果表明,患病拟穴青蟹的肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃等组织病理显示有大量血卵涡鞭虫侵染,并能用PCR方法快速检出。温州地区养殖拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病在每年5—11月均有发生,7—9月为集中发病时间,死亡高峰出现于8—9月之间,年份间(2010—2012)与发病率无相关性,而不同月份对病害的发生有极显著影响(P0.01)。不同发育阶段以脱壳期的发病率相对较高,发病蟹的规格主要以50g以下的幼蟹和250g以上的成蟹为主。拟穴青蟹血卵涡鞭虫病的发生与水温(r=0.756)和盐度(r=0.631)变化关系较密切,夏、秋季节受梅雨、台风影响而引起水温和盐度的剧烈变化可能是暴发血卵涡鞭虫病的诱发因素。 相似文献
6.
血卵涡鞭虫在养殖锯缘青蟹中的寄生 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用光镜和电镜对2005年9月浙江三门湾地区某养殖场发生的养殖锯缘青蟹规模性死亡病蟹进行观察，并对病原进行分子生物学鉴定。组织病理学研究发现，病蟹蟹体消瘦，肌肉白浊，头胸甲内可见大量乳白色液体，血淋巴细胞的量急剧减少，代之以大量寄生原虫，该原虫在病蟹的肝胰腺、鳃、心脏、肌肉等部位大量寄生，引起这些组织发生以坏死为主的变质性病变。电镜下，乳白色液体及病变组织内可见大量寄生虫体，其形态特征、内部结构及宿主表现的症状，与血卵涡鞭虫相类似。采用Small等^[5]的血卵涡鞭虫ITS特异引物，扩增出分子量为300bp左右的条带，并对其进行了测序及序列相似性比较，确定该寄生原虫为一种血卵涡鞭虫Hemntodinium sp。血卵涡鞭虫是海水甲壳类的重要病原寄生虫，我国尚未有该寄生虫病的研究报道，文中首次发现其在养殖锯缘青蟹中的寄生，为靳一步研究该寄生虫病积累了资料。 相似文献
7.
通过现场取样、显微镜检、细菌培养、组织病理、电镜观察以及PCR检测等研究手段,对2008年9月浙江省舟山市普陀区某梭子蟹养殖塘混养的脊尾白虾"白浊病"进行了系统的病原学研究。结果表明,病虾体色发白,反应迟钝,血淋巴液呈浊白色,严重患病白虾血淋巴中的血细胞几乎没有或者极少,代之以大量与血细胞形似的寄生虫;组织病理切片及电镜观察发现,病虾心脏、肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃部等组织寄生有大量单细胞寄生虫,该寄生虫虫体形态特征、显微结构及宿主临床症状与本实验室之前研究报道的感染三疣梭子蟹和锯缘青蟹的血卵涡鞭虫类似;采用已建立的针对血卵涡鞭虫ITS1基因的引物对"白浊病"病虾的血淋巴样品进行PCR检测,可扩增出585bp左右的特异条带。综合以上研究结果,确定该寄生虫为血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium sp.)。有关脊尾白虾感染该寄生虫的报道在国内外尚属首次。 相似文献
8.
血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium spp.)是一类危害海水甲壳类的致病性寄生性甲藻,在世界范围内严重威胁了多种重要经济甲壳类的渔业生产。近年来,血卵涡鞭虫先后在我国浙江、广东沿海的锯缘青蟹、三疣梭子蟹、脊尾白对虾等重要养殖甲壳类中被报道发现,并已确定该寄生病原是近年来引起当地养殖青蟹"黄水病"、三疣梭子蟹"牛奶病"和脊尾白对虾大规模死亡的主要病原之一。本文结合作者近年来关于Hematodinium spp.的研究成果,系统综述了国内外该寄生性病原的研究进展,包括其系统分类、生活史、传播途径、发生机制等;并针对目前该寄生性病原研究中存在的关键问题,结合我国相关研究现状做出了分析和展望,以期为我国海水甲壳类血卵涡鞭虫流行病的预防与控制提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
9.
海蜇养殖群体及自然捕获群体ITS 序列遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)自然海区群体和养殖群体遗传多样性,对烟台莱州湾和江苏海州湾自然海区捕获群体及威海养殖群体24个个体的ITS序列进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,获得DNA片段长度在1 080~1 096 bp之间,包括完整的ITS1,5.8S和完整ITS2序列。结果表明,在所测碱基序列中共发现26个变异位点,4处多碱基插入位置,29个插入缺失位点。群体内平均核苷酸差异数K和平均核苷酸多样性指数Pi为2.179~2.750和0.002 02~0.002 54,群体间平均核苷酸差异数K值波动在2.797~3.031之间,遗传距离在0.002 30~0.002 81之间,遗传分化指数(Fst)值在0.032 50~0.730 8之间,群体内及群体间遗传多样性指标数值比较相近,群体间的遗传距离比较小,群体遗传结构相似,群体间没有明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
10.
为了解我国养殖九孔鲍Haliotis diversicolor supertexta的遗传多样性和遗传结构,用RAPD技术对我国福建、广东和海南的九孔鲍5个养殖群体进行了遗传变异分析。12条引物共扩增出141条清晰稳定的条带,大小范围为0.2—2.4kb,其中多态性条带97条,多态位点比例为68.8%。基因多样性介于0.210±0.193与0.247±0.187之间,平均为0.224,各群体间没有显著差异。聚类分析表明,福建东山群体和广东惠来群体亲缘关系最近,聚为一支;深圳、湛江和三亚群体亲缘关系较近,聚为另一支。群体间遗传距离介于0.062与0.135之间,福建东山群体与广东惠来群体间遗传距离最小,惠来群体与深圳群体间遗传距离最大。群体间FST值介于0.176与0.326之间,随机组合检验表明,群体间遗传分化已经达到显著水平,但东山和惠来与深圳、湛江和三亚2组之间遗传分化不显著。较高的遗传多样性水平表明近年来九孔鲍大规模死亡事件可能与遗传多样性并无直接相关,而较高的遗传多样性有利于遗传选育。不同地方群体间的显著分化表明,各地方群体应分别作为单独的"管理单元(management unit)"进行遗传资源管理,群体之间的移植应严格监管。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
18.
19.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
20.
Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献