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1.
Benthic macrofauna changes in areas of Venice lagoon populated by seagrasses or seaweeds. 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Two areas of the Venice lagoon populated by seagrasses (three stations covered by Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asherson, Zostera marina Linnaeus, Zostera noltii Hornemann) or seaweeds (two stations: one covered by Ulva rigida C. Agardh and another at present without seaweed biomass) were monitored by means of six surveys over a year in order to study macrofaunal composition and seasonal changes. The seagrass stations showed a mean species richness (28-30 S m(-2)), individual abundance (1854-4018 N m(-2)) and biomass (22.3-37.7 g m(-2) ash-free-dry-weight, AFDW) ca. 3-8 times higher than those populated by seaweeds (10-15 S m(-2), 494-1395 N m(-2) and 5.6-13.7 g m(-2) AFDW). Differences among seagrass or seaweed stations were much lower. The Ulva-dominated station showed a macrofauna completely different both from the other stations and the communities recorded ca. 30 years ago, before the prolific growth of Ulva. In this station, frequent biomass decompositions and anoxic crises created critical conditions for life favouring organisms with reduced life cycles, younger individuals and the epifaunal species instead of the infaunal ones. In particular, Ulva grazers and scrapers such as Gammarus aequicauda Stock and Gibbula adriatica Philippi were found to be by far the most abundant species, whereas the taxa characteristic of the associations found in the past, in the presence of seagrasses or seaweeds and typical of low eutrophicated environments, appear strongly reduced. Marked differences in the macrophyte dominance and in the bio-physico-chemical variables which characterise the main environmental conditions of the Venice lagoon support the different distribution and composition of macrofaunal communities. Seaweed stations appear mainly governed by the seasonal cycles of these un-rooted macrophytes which, by alternating periods of production and decomposition, are responsible for the drastic reduction of macrofauna biodiversity and biomass. Conversely, seagrass stations exhibit a better oxidisation of the environment and show conditions more favourable for macrofauna colonisation, especially in the presence of macrophytes which are characterised by very well developed below-ground systems such as Cymodocea nodosa. 相似文献
2.
Carvalho S Pereira P Pereira F de Pablo H Vale C Gaspar MB 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(2):97-110
The present work aimed to identify the main environmental drivers shaping temporal and spatial dynamics of macrobenthic communities within a eutrophic coastal lagoon. Sediments in the óbidos lagoon showed a gradient of increasing metal contamination from the inlet area to inner branches. The mid-lower lagoon area exhibited an intermediate contaminated condition between the inlet and upstream areas, suggesting that the effects of the organic loadings into the lagoon may be reflected until this area. This transitional feature was corroborated by biological data, with macrobenthic assemblages displaying characteristics of down- and upstream areas. Macrobenthic abundance peaked in winter, which was associated with a higher nutrient availability (mainly ammonium) and the proliferation of green macroalgae in mid-lower and inner lagoon areas. However, massive macroalgae growth resulted in a sharp decrease of macrobenthic diversity and abundance in spring, particularly where the higher amounts of decaying algae were detected. Higher dissimilarities between assemblages were detected during winter (and spring, for trophic composition), while in summer, differences were highly attenuated. The least contaminated area (close to the sea inlet) experienced smaller temporal variations for environmental variables, as well as the lowest temporal biological variability. This area was dominated by carnivores, which were related with increased salinity. Deposit-feeders were numerically dominant in the lagoon, being generally spread within organically enriched sandy and muddy areas. The high concentration of chlorophyll a and suspended particulate matter in water was reflected in the abundance of deposit-feeders/suspension-feeders, taking benefit of the high primary productivity. On the other hand, deposit-feeders/herbivores responded to the decay of macroalgae mats in the sediment. Biological associations varied with the biological data used (taxonomic versus trophic group composition; abundance versus biomass), highlighting the relevance of the combination of different data analysis' approaches. In general, BIOENV analysis indicated total phosphorus, biomass of Ulva, metals and organic carbon and nitrogen as being significantly influencing benthic patterns. On the other hand, discrepancies in ecological behaviours of some taxa were also detected in the present study stressing the need for additional studies on the relationships between macrobenthic communities and environmental variables. Implications of the present results for monitoring studies are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Temporal and spatial changes of macroalgae and phytoplankton in a Mediterranean coastal area: the Venice lagoon as a case study 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Since the late 1980s the lagoon of Venice, a shallow Mediterranean coastal area, has experienced strong environmental changes. Macroalgae, which were the predominant primary producers of the lagoon, reduced markedly, but neither phytoplankton nor seagrasses replaced them. Temporal and spatial changes in macroalgal standing crop (SC) and phytoplankton concentration were investigated between 1987 and 1998. Maps of macroalgal SC show a marked declining trend. Biomass in fresh weight decreased from: 558 ktonnes in 1987, to 85 ktonnes in 1993 and to 8.7 ktonnes in 1998. As a whole, the biomass in 1998 was only 1.6% of the biomass recorded in 1987. Similarly the macroalgal net (NPP) and gross (GPP) primary production decreased from ca. 1502 and 9721 ktonnes year(-1) to ca. 44 and 229 ktonnes year(-1), respectively. In the early 1990s the clam Tapes philippinarum Adams & Reeve and seagrasses, especially Zostera marina Linnaeus, colonised the bottoms free of macroalgae, but the development of intense clam-fishing activities prevented both phytoplankton blooms and seagrass spreading. Maps of chlorophyll a drawn according to data collected in parallel to macroalgal standing crop show unchanged concentrations. Macroalgae changes are enhanced by comparing annual trends in four areas of the central lagoon during 1989-1992 and 1998-1999. In those areas phytoplankton also decreased significantly. Marked changes of some environmental variables strongly associated with the primary production were recorded both during the lagoon mapping and in the areas studied on a yearly basis. 相似文献
4.
苏北浅滩是研究浒苔绿潮早期形成机制的重要区域,该区域紫菜养殖筏架上附生绿藻的群落结构变化对浒苔绿潮的发生具有重要影响,环境因素在其中发挥了重要作用。为了探明导致苏北浅滩绿藻群落结构变化的主要环境因素,本文通过分子生物学和种群生态学方法对筏架附生绿藻群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落主要由浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盘苔(Blidingia sp.)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)和其他绿藻5个类群构成;(2)绿藻群落具有明显的演替现象,环境温度是导致绿藻群落结构变化的关键环境因素,适低温性的绿藻逐渐被浒苔等适应较高温度的绿藻取代;(3)浒苔的生物量从3月的1.65 g/m增加到了5月的31.78 g/m,所占比例也从低于5%达到接近40%,生物量的大量积累为绿潮早期漂浮斑块的形成提供了物质基础。本文研究结果为黄海绿潮的早期预警和防控提供了生态学依据。 相似文献
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A mechanism of competition between epiphytes and seagrasses potentially modulated by grazers was studied in a high-nutrient Thalassia testudinum meadow in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.). The effects of fish grazing on epiphytes, and likely enhancing T. testudinum growth, was tested through an exclusion experiment. Twelve (2×2m) independent experimental plots were selected within a shallow monospecific bed to which three randomized treatments (exclusion fences, open fences and controls) with four replicates each were assigned. The epiphyte load was monitored on T. testudinum leaves inside the plots from January 1995 to March 1996. Treatment effects occurred during a chlorophyte bloom in March 1995, when the epiphyte biomass was significantly higher inside the exclusion cages than in either of the controls. The composition of the epiphytic community in March 1995 was dominated by sheet-like Enteromorpha and filamentous algae such as Cladophora , which are less resistant to herbivory than the coarsely-branched forms of red algae (e.g. Hypnea , Chondria and Acanthophora) that bloomed subsequently. These results suggest that herbivory change seasonally depending on the availability of different prey species to fish-grazers, which preferentially utilize the fleshy green algae typical of bloom conditions over the thicker coarsely-branched red algae. In the nutrient-rich lagoon the role of top-down interactions in enhancing T. testudinum growth is limited to the reduction of shading by green macroalgae. 相似文献
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Abundance, variability, and potential grazing impact of planktonic ciliates in the open subaratic Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The abundance and variability of planktonic ciliates in the open subarctic Pacific were determined during four month-long cruises in 1987 and 1988. The ciliate community, numerically dominated by relatively small aloricate choreotrichs, was comparable in abundance to communities in a range of oceanic and neritic environments, including waters with much higher average chlorophyll concentrations. Integrated (0–80m) ciliate biomass was typically 100–200mgC m−2, although 3- to 4-fold higher levels were observed on two occasions in spring. Ciliate community biomass, in general, was dominated by large (>20μm width) individuals, although in August 1988 the biomass of smaller cells was as great or greater. The estimated grazing impact of the ciliate community averaged 20% of the primary production. On one instance in May 1988, however, a large biomass of ciliates led to an estimated grazing impact equivalent to 55% of phytoplankton production. While ciliates may be major phytoplankton grazers during sporadic ciliate “blooms”, dino- and other heterotrophic flagellates, which make up the bulk of microheterotroph biomass, must normally be of equal or greater importance as herbivores in this ocean region. 相似文献
7.
The Gross growth efficiency(GGE) is defined as the amount of consumer carbon produced relative to the amount of prey ingested in a given time interval. In population ecology, it can be considered as an index for the ability of a consumer to convert the biomass of food into its population production. In this study, it was firstly applied to estimate the role of amphipods grazing in the biomass dynamics of macroalgae(Ulva lactuca) in Yundang Lagoon(a subtropical eutrophic coastal lagoon, Xiamen City, China). It was found that amphipods were the dominant group(82.2%–98.7%) in the benthic assemblage, in which five amphipod species(Corophium uenoi, Ampithoe valida, Grandidierella japonica, Grammaropsis laevipalmata and Caprella panantis) were observed in the lagoon. However, only A. valida significantly consumed U. lactuca among these amphipod species. A series of experiments were conducted to estimate the consumption of U. lactuca by A. valida. It was suggested that the monthly secondary production(P) of A. valida using size frequency method ranged from 2.39 to 13.68 g/m2. GGE of A. valida exponentially reduced with body size and was closely associated with water temperature. Therefore, GGE equation for different months using the temperature recorded during the field investigation was fitted. The monthly consumption of U. lactuca was figured out to be 86.7–1 549.0 g/m2 by the sum of consumption(P/GGE) by A. valida at different size, accounting for 2.0%–37.5% of U. lactuca production. It indicates that the grazing effect of A. valida did play a role in reducing the accumulation of U. lactuca biomass when A. valida was abundant, but it finally fails to limit the U. lactuca growth in Yundang Lagoon. Low abundance of A. valida and high nutrient loading may be two major reasons for the outbreak of U. lactuca bloom in the lagoon. 相似文献
8.
Standing crop and production of macroalgae and seagrasses were recorded, together with the main physical and chemical parameters, including nutrient concentrations of the water column and 5-cm top sediment porewater, the grazing pressure and the settled paniculate matter (SPM) in two areas of the central (Lido station) and southern (Petta di Bò station) parts of the Venice lagoon. Then the whole set of data was analysed by multivariate analysis. The highest standing crops of Ulva (Lido station) and Zostera (Petta di Bò station) monitored throughout the year (February 1994–February 1995) were ~ 6.5 and ~ 11.0 kg fwt m−2, accounting for an annual net production of ~ 20.4 and ~ 20.9 kg fwt m−2, respectively. The estimated gross production of Zostera was, however, ca 35–55% lower than that of Ulva because of the higher decomposition rate and grazing pressure suffered by the markedly stratified and light-limited free-floating fronds of the macroalga. At the Lido station, the overall grazing pressure accounted for ca 65% of the net Ulva production, but it was found to exceed the total production in the July–August period. Ammonium and orthophosphate concentrations in the water column and sediment porewater were ca 2–3 times higher at the Ulva than at the Zostera station. Considering the N:P atomic ratios, nitrogen, during the quick spring-summer biomass increase, could be temporarily critical for the macrophytic growth, especially at the Lido station. The rates of sediment resuspension and settlement were ca six times higher at the Zostera than at the Ulva station, mainly because of higher sediment coverage by the large free-floating fronds of Ulva. For the contribution of individual variables explained by the principal component analysis, it is shown that the Ulva decomposition at the Lido station and the Zostera production at Petta di Bò were the major factors affecting the total variance. 相似文献
9.
大型海藻体内TN和TP含量及其对近海环境修复的意义 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本文研究了广东省珠海桂山岛附近海域网箱养殖区生长的细基江蓠（Gracilaria tenuistipitata）、石莼（Ulva pertusa）、海带（Lamianaria japonica）、羽藻（Bryopisis plumosa）和草叶马尾藻（Sargassum graminifolium）5种典型大型海藻在不同月份体内总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的含量，并分析了其对近海环境修复的意义。结果表明，这5种海藻2—5月份各自TN平均含量的变化范围为4．076％-5．460％（m／m，干重，下同），TP月平均含量的变化范围为0．285％-0．510％（m／m，干重，下同）。这5种海藻TN、TP含量随生长月份而变化，在生长旺盛月份，海藻体内TN、TP含量相对较高。对本次研究结果的分析表明，石莼、羽藻体内TN、TP含量较高，可作为近海富营养化水环境修复的优选海藻。 相似文献
10.
Effects of artificial reefs on fish grazing in their vicinity: evidence from algae presentation experiments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Einbinder S Perelberg A Ben-Shaprut O Foucart MH Shashar N 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(1):110-119
Artificial reefs have been suggested as a tool for conservation and restoration of marine habitats. However, the relationships between coral reef habitats and man-made structures are poorly understood. We experimentally tested whether artificial reefs change grazing patterns in their surrounding environment. We exposed heaps of the macroalgae, Ulva lactuca, to natural grazing, at various distances from three artificial reefs. Results suggest that artificial reefs change grazing patterns in the neighboring area. In all the locations examined grazing was 2-3 times higher near the artificial reefs than in control sites (p < 0.05). We suggest that herbivorous fishes are attracted to the artificial reefs, creating a zone of increased grazing. Therefore, while planning deployment of such artificial reefs it is necessary to consider their overall influence on their natural surroundings, in order to maintain the natural community trophic dynamics. 相似文献
11.
Spatial distribution of surgeonfish and parrotfish in the north sector of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System 
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下载免费PDF全文 Roberto C. Hernández‐Landa Gilberto Acosta‐González Enrique Núñez‐Lara Jesús E Arias‐González 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):432-446
Surgeonfish and parrotfish play an important role in structuring the benthic communities of coral reefs. However, despite their importance, little is known about their distribution patterns in the north sector of the Mesoamerican Reef System. This study evaluated the distribution of these fish in 34 sites in four habitats (lagoon, front, slopes and terrace) along a depth gradient (c 0.5–20 m). These herbivorous fish were assessed by visual censuses. Species dominance was evaluated for each habitat using SIMPER analysis. Habitat characteristics data were collected to determine the relationship between habitat conditions and spatial variations in herbivorous fish (using abundance and biomass as a proxy) via redundancy analysis. The herbivorous fish assemblage had a low density (fish per 100 m2) and biomass (g·100 m?2) in comparison with assemblages in similar studies. In contrast, species richness was high compared with other studies in the Caribbean. Spatial variation of the abundance, biomass and size of herbivorous fish was strongly related to coral and seagrass cover, as well as to depth and rugosity. These four variables were critical in controlling the distribution patterns of the herbivorous fish assemblages. No associations were found between fish and macroalgae or any other benthic group. The present study indicates that the species richness of surgeonfish and parrotfish was not regionally affected by the dominance of macroalgae in the habitats studied. Seagrass beds and the coral reef matrix need to be preserved for the herbivorous fish assemblages to remain healthy and capable of controlling excess macroalgae growth. 相似文献
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本研究通过120d的室内培养实验研究了盾形陀螺珊瑚（Turbinaria peltata）、根枝藻（Rhizoclonium sp．）和点斑篮子鱼（Siganus guttatus）之间的相互作用关系．结果显示,高质量浓度的NO3-（5．00～10．00mg／dm3）刺激了丝状绿藻根枝藻在缸内的爆发式生长,在实验27d时根枝藻在缸壁的面积覆盖率达到90．5％,藻丝长度为10～15cm．在海藻的胁迫作用下,盾形陀螺珊瑚的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量（Fv／Fm）均值逐渐从0．712降至0．626,降幅为10．7％～13．5％．放入4尾4～6cm长的点斑篮子鱼后,实验缸壁根枝藻的面积覆盖率在2d内从90．5％下降至10．0％．但解除根枝藻胁迫后盾形陀螺珊瑚的Fv／Fm值并没有明显变化,与对照组的差异也不显著;随着海藻胁迫因子的消除,盾形陀螺珊瑚的Fv／Fm值逐渐升高,并在第120天时恢复至初始状态．本研究结果从珊瑚光合作用效率的角度验证了啃食者的存在确能缓解富营养化对造礁珊瑚的不利影响,为“下行控制假说”提供了新的证据． 相似文献
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黄海典型漂浮大型藻类光谱特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用实测高光谱和多光谱相机数据对在黄海海域采集的浒苔和马尾藻样本进行光谱特征分析。结果显示:漂浮大型藻类的高光谱反射率均值(Rmean_H)与多光谱反射率均值(Rmean_M)、高光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHH)与多光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHM)之间的相对误差小于15.6%,说明这两种数据具有较好的一致性;基于光谱特征波长的反射率建立比值光谱指数,其中浒苔和马尾藻的差异最为明显的是R640/R554指数;基于多光谱相机计算反射谷深度指数(T-depth),采用阈值法来区分浒苔和马尾藻,T-depth阈值的区分精度分别为69.6%±30.0%和69.6%±24.3%,稍优于虚拟基线漂浮藻类指数(VB-FAH)阈值的区分精度。 相似文献
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In the framework of the WFD 2000/60/EC intercalibration process the updated versions of the EEI and R‐MaQI, proposed by Italy and Greece for the transitional waters, have been applied to the macrophytes of the Venice lagoon to test their comparability and relationships with the pressure gradients. Submerged macrophytes were collected during spring 2007 at 60 sites spread within the lagoon. At each site, five random samples were collected and the total coverage of benthic macrophytes in the field was estimated based on a number of tests of the bottom. To assess seagrass epiphytes, five shoots were collected for each replicate. Physico‐chemical data were collected in the water column at 14 sites selected to reflect the main hydro‐geomorphological and trophic gradients of the lagoon. The analyses performed indicated that the two metrics appeared to be weakly intercalibrated and only the 30% of the sampling sites displayed the same quality class. The main differences fell into the Moderate and Low classes and the two indices provided discordant results in the intermediate and confined areas of the lagoon. In contrast, the two indices showed good affinity in the marine areas of inlets, which are characterised by seagrass meadows and late‐successional macroalgae. Similar results were evidenced also in a redundancy analysis by the different relationships between quality classes and the physico‐chemical gradients. The main reason for this seems to be the heterogeneity of species–environment relationships inside the groups of species on which the indices are based. Critical aspects of methodological differences and applicability of the macrophyte indices proposed by Italy and Greece for the transitional waters of the Mediterranean eco‐region are discussed. 相似文献
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The abiotic disturbance of urban wastewater discharge and its effects in the population structure, plant morphology, leaf nutrient content, epiphyte load and macroalgae abundance of Zostera noltii meadows were investigated in Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, southern Portugal using both univariate and multivariate analysis. Four sites were assessed, on a seasonal basis, along a gradient from a major Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) discharge to a main navigation channel. The wastewater discharge caused an evident environmental disturbance through the nutrient enrichment of the water and sediment, particularly of ammonium. Zostera noltii of the sites closest to the nutrient source showed higher leaf N content, clearly reflecting the nitrogen load. The anthropogenic nutrient enrichment resulted in higher biomass, and higher leaf and internode length, except for the meadow closest to the wastewater discharge (270 m). The high ammonium concentration (158–663 μM) in the water at this site resulted in the decrease of biomass, and both the leaf and internode length, suggesting a toxic effect on Z. noltii. The higher abundance of macroalgae and epiphytes found in the meadow closest to the nutrient source may also affect the species negatively. Shoot density was higher at the nutrient-undisturbed site. Two of the three abiotic processes revealed by Principal Component Analysis were clearly related to the WWTW discharge, a contrast between water column salinity and nutrient concentration and a sediment contrast between both porewater nutrients and temperature and redox potential. A multiple regression analysis showed that these abiotic processes had a significant effect on the biomass-density dynamics of meadows and on the overall size of Z. noltii plants, respectively. Results show that the wastewater discharge is an important source of environmental disturbance and nutrients availability in Ria Formosa lagoon affecting the population structure, morphology and N content of Z. noltii. This impact is spatially restricted to areas up to 600 m distant from the WWTW discharge, probably due to the high water renewal of the lagoon. 相似文献
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Abstract. Photosynthesis and growth rates in samples of two green seaweeds ( Ulva and Enteromorpha ) were monitored in the laboratory. The macroalgae were collected every 15 days from four coastal embayments in Galicia (NW Spain). Ulva samples were found to be nutritionally limited, particularly in summer. The physiological activity of Enteromorpha did not appear to be as affected by nutrient scarcity, although it may have suffered from phosphorus limitation. The subsistence quotas, critical concentrations and storage capacity for N and P in Ulva were comparable to those obtained by other investigators in similar studies. The trace metals analysed apparently did not negatively affect the macroalgae at the measured concentrations; one explanation is that many of these metals function as essential micronutrients. The complex physiological interactions between metals and nutrients, however, may complicate interpretation of the results. 相似文献
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2017年2-11月,对河北省秦皇岛市山海关、海港和北戴河潮间带大型海藻的组成、分布和季节演替情况展开了调查研究工作。调查结果显示:此次共采集到隶属3门23属的41种大型海藻,其中红藻门13属20种,褐藻门7属9种,绿藻门3属12种,分别占总采集种数的48.78%,21.95%和29.27%;海港大型海藻种类最多为35种,其次是北戴河20种,山海关最少为19种,分别占总采集种数的85.37%,48.78%和46.34%;春季优势种类为长石莼(Ulva linza)、多管藻(Polysiphonia senticulosa)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、绳藻(Chorda filum)、酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)和海黍子(Sargassum muticum),夏季优势种类为长石莼、孔石莼(U.Pertusa)、刺松藻(Codium fragile)、海黍子、小石花菜(Gelidium divaricatum)、亚栉状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia subpectinata)和假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans),秋季优势种类为长石莼和裂片石莼(U. fasciata),冬季优势种类为长石莼。优势种类生物量测定结果表明,优势种类生物量在不同采样点、不同季节表现出明显差异,如海港春季的裙带菜生物量最大(4 110.8 g·m-2),绳藻的生物量最小(92.32 g·m-2)。 相似文献
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为了揭示苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区附着绿藻和绿藻微观繁殖体的分布现状,从2013年三月到五月份对苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区及附近海域进行航次调查。结果表明, 绿藻微观繁殖体在水体和沉积物中广泛分布,水体中的平均值为267株/L,沉积物中的平均值为43株/g。调查期间,紫菜养殖区筏架上附着绿藻的生物量持续增长。在紫菜筏架上发现有浒苔,缘管浒苔,盒管藻三种绿藻,其优势种为盒管藻,其次是浒苔。研究表明,绿潮发生早期在苏北浅滩海域存在绿藻微观繁殖体和附着绿藻,这将为中国绿潮治理提供理论支撑。 相似文献