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1.
韩宗珠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(2)
报道在1180℃,压力分别为2.0GPa、2.5GPa、3.0GPa和3.5GPa条件下榴辉岩结晶实验结果。研究表明,当压力超过2.5GPa时方有石榴石晶出,随着压力的增大,石榴石中镁铝榴石和钙铝榴石含量增加,铁铝榴石含量减少;随着压力的增大,单斜辉石中的TiO_2和CaO含量减少,Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量增加,单斜辉石中硬玉端员分子含量增加。实验表明,自然界中天然产出的榴辉岩成岩压力远大于3.5GPa。 相似文献
2.
九州-帕劳脊是古伊豆-小笠原-马里亚纳弧的重要组成,对其上基底岩石开展矿物学和岩石学研究可为理解洋内岛弧演化早期的岩石成因和岩浆活动特点提供重要线索。本文对九州-帕劳脊南段基底玄武岩中的单斜辉石斑晶和微晶开展详细的岩相学和原位主微量元素分析,结果表明,单斜辉石斑晶与微晶整体上具有相似的化学组分,为普通辉石及透辉石等种属,且亏损轻稀土元素,Eu负异常不明显。多数单斜辉石斑晶具有环带结构,可划分为简单环带及韵律性环带两类;从辉石核部到边部,MgO、FeO、Al2O3、TiO2含量与核部镁指数Mg#等呈现复杂的高低变化,指示了多期次的岩浆混合与补给事件。单斜辉石的结晶温度、压力分别为1 151～1 210℃和1.3×108～4.2×108 Pa。通过单斜辉石组分反演获得的母岩浆含水量为0.8%～2.3%(以湿质量计)。最后,我们提出,形成于典型的洋内岛弧背景下的九州-帕劳脊南段熔岩的母岩浆为亚碱性岛弧拉斑玄武质熔体,具有高温、中压、高氧逸度的特征,岩浆房深度较浅并存在多期次原始岩浆的... 相似文献
3.
利用电子探针分析蓬莱新生代玄武岩中的单斜辉石巨晶及尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体中的主要造岩矿物(单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石和尖晶石)的化学组成。利用单斜辉石地质温压计和二辉石地质温度计计算了尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体的平衡温度和压力,计算表明它们来自于上地幔的不同深度,同时推测本区上地幔内存在化学组成的分带性。 相似文献
4.
石榴石和单斜辉石作为榴辉岩的主要造岩矿物,其微量元素地球化学特征对深入研究化学组成等方面有重要意义。苏鲁榴辉岩带中石榴石和单斜辉石中的主要微量元素与全岩呈很好的正相关关系。石榴石和单斜辉石的轻重稀土元素含量呈相互消长的互补关系。Ga、Cr、Zn主要赋存于石榴石和单斜辉石中,重稀土、Y、Co、Sc主要赋存于石榴石中,V、Ni主要赋存于单斜辉石中,轻稀土和Sr在胶东榴辉岩中主要赋存于单斜辉石中,但在鲁南榴辉岩中可能赋存于磷灰石和绿帘石等矿物中。胶东榴辉岩为地幔成因,鲁南榴辉岩壳幔成因均有。苏鲁榴辉岩自西向东成岩温度逐渐升高,成岩压力增加。 相似文献
5.
本文利用电子探针对南海西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁底部火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石矿物的化学特征进行了研究。结果表明，该单斜辉石属于富钙透辉石，部分有正环带结构，从核部到边部Ca、Fe、Ti的含量逐渐增加，是岩浆正常结晶顺序的反映，说明该区域的岩浆演化是向着富Ca、Fe、Ti方向发展的。主量元素数据显示，单斜辉石具有低Si高Al的特征(SiO2=41.40%～48.44%，Al2O3=5.54%～10.20%)，且AlⅣ含量较高，说明母岩浆为不饱和碱性岩浆系列；此外，单斜辉石Ca含量偏高，Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)值在46.1%～51.4%之间，推测是母岩浆的高Ca含量导致了大量高钙辉石的产出。结合西沙海域的地震和构造资料，推测琛航岛珊瑚礁的基底是玄武质火山碎屑岩组成的平顶状海山，系岩浆穿过断裂发育的岩石圈层在西沙群岛的海底喷发，随后火山碎屑物质经过堆积、固结作用而形成；该火山碎屑岩的原岩为板内碱性玄武岩。 相似文献
6.
《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(5)
本文对采自西沙群岛东岛的2件浮岩样品进行了岩石学和矿物地球化学研究,研究表明,东岛浮岩样品属于中性火山岩,SiO_2含量在60%左右,化学组成相当于粗面岩,斑状结构,斑晶主要为斜长石、单斜辉石和少量橄榄石,基质为玻璃质。斜长石及辉石斑晶矿物具有中心熔蚀结构,斜长石形成温度为1030℃-1080℃;单斜辉石属均为普通辉石,斑晶Al_2O_3含量较低;橄榄石属于透铁橄榄石,橄榄石斑晶Fo值为55.40-60.53,从核部到边部各化学成分略有降低,且具有轻微的化学成分环带。从核部到边部Fo值略有降低。东岛浮岩岩浆是西沙地块受到拉张作用,中地壳物质减压熔融形成粗面质岩浆,并经历短暂的岩浆房冷凝时期,拉张减薄作用形成裂谷后,由于压力突然释放,粗面质岩浆沿裂谷快速上升在水下喷发形成浮岩。 相似文献
7.
1992年冲绳海槽地质调查时,在134站(126°56′7″E,27°30′0″N)共采集到3件玄武岩样品,其中1件取自134站表层样,另外2件取自134站柱状样中的118-143cm处和193- 218cm处(刀口位置)。通过对上述3件玄武岩样品的岩相学、岩石化学组成、稀土元素和微量元素和锶同位素比值分析研究,认为本区玄武岩具多期次喷发特征,早期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数较低,晚期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数相对较高,表明了单斜辉石为晚期结晶堆积产物。本区玄武岩稀土配分模式与岛弧拉斑玄武岩基本一致,其87Sr与86Sr质量分数比值m(87Sr)/m(86Sr)为0.7046,亦与岛弧拉斑玄武岩相当。最后利用Rb-Sr丰度特征确定本区的地壳厚度为19-24 km。 相似文献
8.
1992年冲绳海槽地质调查时,在134站(126°56′7″E,27°30′0″N)共采集到3件玄武岩样品,其中1件取自134站表层样,另外2件取自134站柱状样中的118-143cm处和193- 218cm处(刀口位置)。通过对上述3件玄武岩样品的岩相学、岩石化学组成、稀土元素和微量元素和锶同位素比值分析研究,认为本区玄武岩具多期次喷发特征,早期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数较低,晚期喷发形成的玄武岩中单斜辉石质量分数相对较高,表明了单斜辉石为晚期结晶堆积产物。本区玄武岩稀土配分模式与岛弧拉斑玄武岩基本一致,其87Sr与86Sr质量分数比值m(87Sr)/m(86Sr)为0.7046,亦与岛弧拉斑玄武岩相当。最后利用Rb-Sr丰度特征确定本区的地壳厚度为19-24 km。 相似文献
9.
本文利用电子探针,分析了江苏东海毛北榴辉岩中的石榴石和单斜辉石的化学组成。利用矿物地质温度计,计算了毛北榴辉岩的成岩平衡温度。结合本区的大地构造环境,提出在早元古代末期,华北陆块曾发生向南的大型堆覆构造,苏北地区即为推覆体前缘。 相似文献
10.
东海陆架边缘北部玄武岩的矿物及化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对东海陆架边缘北部一个站位的玄武岩进行了镜下观测、XRD定量分析和电子探针分析。结果表明东海陆架边缘北部玄武岩斑晶主要由拉长石、贵橄榄石和普通辉石组成，其中，单斜辉石的结晶温度为1108．49℃，岩浆起源深度在42．9km以深。与冲绳海槽和琉球岛弧玄武岩相比，在斜长石An值、辉石Ca-Mg-Fe比例与橄榄石Fo值上均有明显的不同，表明三地玄武岩在成因上有一定的差异。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献