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1.
利用山东88个气象站1961—2019年夏季6—8月逐日最高、最低气温观测数据,分析了山东各地极端热昼、极端热夜、极端高温日三个极端热事件的时空演变规律和突变特征。结果表明:1)山东夜间出现极端热事件及白天和夜间同时出现极端热事件的天数增多、强度增强、占比增加。历年极端热昼出现天数和占比均呈不同程度的减少趋势,平均强度呈减小趋势,其中占比减少最明显;极端热夜、极端高温日出现天数和占比均呈不同程度的增加趋势,平均强度呈增强趋势。2)山东内陆和沿海地区各极端热事件变化差异明显。内陆地区极端热昼各指标减少、减小趋势更显著,大部分地区变化趋势通过了0.05的显著性水平检验,半岛南部和东部部分区域则有增加、增强趋势;中西部地区极端热夜各指标增加、增强趋势更显著,大部分地区变化趋势通过了0.05的显著性水平检验;中东部区域尤其是半岛地区极端高温日各指标增加、增强趋势更显著,大部分地区变化趋势通过了0.05的显著性水平检验。3)各极端热事件不同指标的突变情况迥异。极端热昼历年出现天数没有发生突变,平均强度在1970年前后发生突变,突变发生后,平均强度明显减小;极端热夜出现天数和平均强度均在1994年前后发生突变,突变发生后,出现天数明显增加、平均强度明显增强;极端高温日出现天数和强度分别在1994年、1973年前后发生突变,突变发生后,出现天数明显增加。  相似文献   

2.
德国4站点极端降水频数和强度趋势变化分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据不莱梅、波茨坦、卡尔斯鲁厄和楚格峰1901—2007年逐日降水量分析了各站极端降水的频数和强度趋势变化。结果表明:山区(楚格峰)出现的极端降水数量呈上升趋势,且强度显著增强,在冬、夏2季亦如此。这与全球变暖背景下,山区的积雪融化导致对流活动增强以及大气环流影响水汽输送增强有关;在超过绝对阈值的极端降水方面,北方地区(不莱梅和波茨坦)发生频数保持稳定,无显著趋势变化,南方地区(卡尔斯鲁厄)有显著减少的趋势,且不莱梅的频数变化趋势与波茨坦相似,具有强正相关,而此2站与卡尔斯鲁厄的频数变化趋势呈反位相,有较强的负相关;除楚格峰外,极端降水强度变化无显著趋势。低海拔地区在冬季极端降水的频数和强度上,大部分有显著上升的趋势,而夏季,在2方面均出现不同程度的下降;极端降水频数和强度呈强正相关。  相似文献   

3.
利用逐日气象台观测资料,对1961—2010年夏半年(5~10月)中国总降水、极端降水、台风降水进行了趋势分析。结果发现:(1)中国平均降水量显著增加主要是由于降水强度增强引起的,降水强度增幅大于降水频数的减幅;极端降水量显著增加主要体现为极端降水频数的增多,极端降水强度50年来并无显著变化。(2)台风降水量减少主要是由于台风降水频数减少引起的,台风降水强度增幅弱于台风降水频数减少的幅度。(3)极端降水对总降水的贡献大致以103°E为界,呈东高西低的空间分布,东侧受东亚夏季风的影响,东亚夏季风对极端降水有明显的加强作用,能达到全年总降水的10%左右;103°E西侧,极端降水的趋势对总降水增长趋势的贡献率为25%~50%,而东侧,总降水趋势主要受极端降水趋势的控制,极端降水趋势(包括增、减趋势)的贡献达50%~100%。(4)长江中游至西南地区和黄河中下游及环渤海地区的降水趋势与全国整体呈上升趋势不同,这些地区的降水呈显著下降的趋势,台风降水趋势显著减少导致这些地区极端降水减少,进而造成总降水的减少。  相似文献   

4.
太平洋SSTA同中国东部夏季极端降水事件变化关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
基于中国东部1955—2004年233个台站逐日降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析高度场、风场、比湿、地面气压以及NOAA海表温度资料,运用SVD、合成分析等方法研究了太平洋SSTA同中国东部夏季极端降水事件之间的相互关系,结果表明:前期冬季太平洋SSTA同我国东部夏季极端降水事件的关系比较显著;前冬赤道中东太平洋是影响我国华北地区夏季极端降水事件的关键区,若前冬该海域海温发生异常,从冬到夏大气环流先后通过PNA(反PNA)和WP(反WP)遥相关型使得西太平洋副热带高压发生异常,进而使得华北夏季极端降水事件发生异常;前冬热带西太平洋是影响我国东北南部及江南地区夏季极端降水事件的关键区,若前冬该海域海温发生异常,从冬到夏105°~135°E的平均经向垂直环流圈发生异常,使得夏季东北南部与江南地区垂直运动发生异常,进而使得东北南部和江南夏季极端降水事件发生异常。  相似文献   

5.
利用济南6个气象站1964—2013年的日降水观测资料以及城市发展指标数据,运用线性倾向估计、相关分析等统计方法分析了济南地区降水的时间变化特征,探讨城市化发展对济南降水的影响。结果表明:(1)城区的年平均降水量增加的趋势明显大于郊区;春季和夏季降水量的增加趋势均为城区大于郊区,夏季城区降水的极端性增强,秋冬季城郊之间的变化趋势不明显;(2)降水总日数和小雨日数城区和郊区都表现为减少的趋势,而大雨、暴雨及以上降水日数都表现为增加的趋势,城区比郊区增加的幅度略大,即大雨及以上的降水城区比郊区更容易出现;(3)城市效应对降雨的影响主要表现在大雨和暴雨以上强降水增多。  相似文献   

6.
根据海阳1961—2010年气温、降水量、日照、相对湿度等气象资料,应用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检测法、滑动t检验法,对海阳市气候变化及规律进行了分析。结果表明:历年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、极端最低气温在过去的50a间呈显著的上升趋势,历年极端最高气温的上升趋势不显著,年代际变化特征突出;年降水量呈缓慢的减少趋势,变化趋势不显著,年代际间分布不均,变化较大,年降水量减少的原因是夏季和秋季降水减少;日照时数呈显著减少趋势,发生突变的时间点是2004年;年平均相对湿度呈现显著减少趋势,发生突变的时间点是1977年,秋季湿度减少最为明显。  相似文献   

7.
选用1970—2014年济宁市11个国家气象站逐月极端最高气温、极端最低气温和年高温、低温日数资料,采用线性倾向估计、累积距平、M-K突变检验和滑动t检验方法,分析了济宁市极端气温时空变化特征,得出极端最高和最低气温均呈上升趋势,且最低气温上升趋势较最高气温更加显著,各区域变化与全市情况基本一致,但也因地域差异而有所不同。其中,全市年极端最高气温总体呈弱上升趋势,西北部平原地区年极端最高气温平均值较东部山区和南部湖区偏高,高温日数以1.077d/10a的速率显著上升;季节变化不显著;在呈现上升趋势的月份中,仅3月和7月通过了α=0.05的显著性检验。全市年极端最低气温呈极显著上升趋势,南部湖区、东部山区和济宁城区上升较快,西北部平原年极端最低气温平均值较南部湖区偏低,最高与最低相差2.7℃,1986年存在一个由冷变暖的突变,年低温日数以-1.682d/10a的速率极显著下降,1987年存在由多到少的突变;夏、秋、冬季极端最低气温呈极显著上升趋势,以南部湖区、东部山区和济宁城区上升尤为显著,而春季不明显,西北部的梁山县四季变化均不明显;各月极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,但3月和8月不显著。  相似文献   

8.
近50年我国江淮流域气候变化   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
为了详实地了解江淮流域的气候变化和进一步做好短期气候预测,利用近50a气温和降水资料,从平均值和变率两方面研究了我国江淮流域的气候变化.结果表明:(1) 近50a来江淮流域气候变化的主要特征是气候变暖,与全国变暖的趋势一致;降水呈不显著的增长趋势.温度和降水由低基本态向高基本态过渡,目前均处于高气候基本态下;(2) 无论是温度还是降水,其变率随时间而变,目前均处于高气候变率时段,要注意高基本态和高变率结合易导致的高温、洪涝等极端气候事件;(3) 温度在1986年前后发生了一次突变,降水在1968年前后发生了一次突变.无论是温度还是降水,突变后均比突变前有所增加.根据突变分析可将江淮流域近50a气候变化过程划分为相对冷干阶段(20世纪50~60年代)-相对冷湿阶段(70~80年代)-相对暖湿阶段(90年代至今).  相似文献   

9.
区域性极端降水(Regional extreme precipitation, REP)破坏性强,会造成地质灾害和经济损失。本文利用逐日降水资料,研究了1961—2020年华北地区7—8月份REP频次趋势转折,并探讨其变化的可能原因。结果表明,华北地区7—8月REP天数存在1986、1995和2003年三个趋势突变点,在1961—1985年(P1)和1995—2002年(P3)时段有减少趋势,1986—1994年(P2)和2003—2020年(P4)时段呈现增多趋势。华北地区REP事件发生时有水汽通量辐合,并且中国东北部至朝鲜半岛对流层高层有异常高压(东北高压)存在。P2、P4时期较P1、P3时期东北高压位置偏南,38°N以南的华北地区水汽通量辐合增强,REP天数增多。P1、P2时期异常水汽通量来自印度洋和西北太平洋,而后两个时期只来自西北太平洋,这是东亚夏季风减弱、西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)增强的结果。东北高压的发展在P1、P3时期与沿中纬度西风急流(急流)传输的波活动通量有关,在P2、P4时期高纬度活动中心发挥作用并且在季节背景上该高压较强,P2时期促使东北高压发展的波活动通量...  相似文献   

10.
分析德州1951—2010年各类降水日数和降水量等资料,计算线性变化趋势系数和相关系数,结果表明:历年降水量平均10a减少19.5mm。大于等于0.1mm降水日数总体呈下降趋势,平均10a减少2.76d,且变化显著;大于等于150.0mm降水日数呈增多趋势,但变化不显著。大于等于25.0mm降水日数与年降水量变化之间的相关系数最大,为0.854,且相关显著。最长连续降水日数平均10a减少0.21d,最长连续无降水日数平均10a增加2.26d,最大连续降水量平均10a减少2.75mm,一日最大降水量平均10a减少1.80mm,1h最大降水量平均10a增加2.34mm,10min最大降水量平均10a增加0.49mm。总体上,德州降水资源呈减少趋势。150mm以上降雨日数有增多趋势,短时强降水等极端灾害性天气事件有增加趋势。  相似文献   

11.
基于1982–2019年美国国家海洋和大气管理局最优插值海表温度资料,运用多种统计方法分析了渤、黄海海洋热浪(频次、持续时间、强度)的时空分布特征及与之相关的环流背景。结果表明:(1)海洋热浪具有一定的区域性差异,更强、更持久和更多的海洋热浪多集中在渤海和北黄海海区;(2)近38年来,渤、黄海海洋热浪变化趋势也具有明显的区域性差异,频次、年平均持续时间、年平均平均强度和最大强度总体呈增多、增强趋势,但朝鲜半岛沿岸海域没有显著变化,这与该地区的平均海温变化密切相关;(3)根据日平均海表面温度将海洋热浪分为中等、强、严重和极端4种等级,结果表明,除极端海洋热浪外,其他3种不同等级海洋热浪发生频次和增长趋势均存在显著的地理差异,中等强度海洋热浪在渤、黄海所有区域均频次偏多且有显著的增加趋势,而强和严重海洋热浪主要集中在我国的渤海海域,但渤、黄海区域极端海洋热浪几乎没有发生;(4)就渤、黄海区域平均而言,38年间,共发生83次海洋热浪,平均每年2.2次;海洋热浪具有明显的季节差异,不同等级强度的海洋热浪的多发季节均在夏季;(5)合成分析结果表明,夏季渤、黄海海洋热浪与大气环流密切相关,当从高层到低层贝加尔湖区域上空表现为大范围的相当正压结构的暖性高压异常时,盛行的下沉运动和高空西北气流,带来了晴朗的天气和更多的地面净太阳短波辐射,有利于渤、黄海海洋热浪的形成和维持。  相似文献   

12.
The main characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation regime in Sweden were studied by using the long‐term monthly precipitation amount (1890‐1990) at 33 stations. The data were filtered by using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, which provides principal modes of both spatial variability and time coefficient series describing the dominant temporal variability. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to reveal association between the atmospheric circulation and the characteristics of the climate variability. Statistically significant upward shifts in the mean precipitation have been found during cold months (March, September, November and December) and only a downward shift (less significant) for August. Simultaneous changes in the time series associated to the optimally correlated circulation patterns were found, indicating an important role of the circulation. The circulation patterns are given by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in March and December and a cyclonic structure centred over southern Scandinavia in September and November. These changes may have induced changes in the mean precipitation seasonality reflected by a shift of the maximum precipitation from August to July (after 1931 for western part and after 1961 for the southeastern coast) and after 1961 to September, October or November for other regions. Combining rotated EOF analysis with cluster analysis, 4 regions with similar climate variability were objectively identified. For these regions the standardised monthly precipitation anomalies were computed. The frequency of the extreme events (very dry/wet and dry/wet months) over 5‐year consecutive intervals was analysed. It has been concluded that extreme wet months were more frequent than extreme dry months over the entire country, especially in the northern and southeastern part.  相似文献   

13.
Sedimentary heterogeneities are ubiquitous in nature and occur over a range of scales from core, reservoir to basin scales. They may thus exert significant influences on hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation. The sedimentary heterogeneities of the Permian Shanxi Formation in the Ordos Basin, China were modelled using Sedsim, a stratigraphic forward modelling program. The simulation results were then used to construct a 3D petroleum system model using PetroMod. The effects of sedimentary heterogeneities on hydrocarbon accumulations were evaluated by comparing the integrated Sedsim-PetroMod model with the classic 3D basin model. The Sedsim simulation shows that considerable sedimentary heterogeneities are present within the Shanxi Formation, as a result of the interplay of the initial topography, tectonic subsidence, base level change and sediment inputs. A variety of lithologies were developed both laterally and vertically within the Shanxi Formation at kilometre and metre scales, respectively, with mudstones mainly developed in the depositional centre, while sandstones developed in the southern and northern margin areas. A typical source-ward retrogradation is well developed within the Lower Shanxi Formation.A base-case classic 3D basin model was constructed to quantify the Permian petroleum system in the Ordos Basin. The geological and thermal models were calibrated using Vr and borehole temperature data. The source rocks of the Upper Paleozoic became mature (Ro > 0.5%) and high mature (Ro > 1.2%) in the late Triassic and late Jurassic, respectively, in the central and southern areas. During the Early Cretaceous, a tectonically induced geothermal event occurred in the southern Ordos Basin. This caused the source rocks to reach over maturity (Ro > 2.0%) quite rapidly in the early Late Cretaceous in the central and southern areas. All the source rock transformation ratios (TR) at present are greater than 70% in the P1 coal and P1 mudstone layers with TR values approaching 100% in the central and southern areas. The transformation ratios of the P1 limestone are close to 100% over the entire interval.In the base-case model, a large amount of hydrocarbons appear to have been expelled and migrated into the Shanxi Formation, but only a minor amount was accumulated to form reservoirs. In the model, the Shanxi Formation sandstone layer was set to be homogeneous vertically and there was no regional seal rocks present at the top of the Shanxi Formation. Therefore hydrocarbons could not be trapped effectively with only minor accumulations in some local structural highs where hydrocarbons are trapped both at the top and in the up-dip direction by the adjacent mudstone facies. In contrast, the integrated Sedsim-PetroMod model takes into account of the internal lithological and sedimentary facies heterogeneities within the Shanxi Formation, forming complex contiguous sandstone-mudstone stacking patterns. Hydrocarbons were found to have accumulated in multiple intervals of lithological traps within the Shanxi Formation. The results indicate that lithological distinctions, controlled by sedimentary heterogeneities in three dimensions can provide effective sealing in both the top and up-dip directions for hydrocarbon accumulations, with gas being mainly accumulated near the depocentre where lithological traps usually formed due to frequent oscillations of the lake level.  相似文献   

14.
根据1898—1992年青岛年平均温度和降水资料,分析了青岛95年来的气候变化,指出年平均气温有明显变暖趋势,而降水量变化不显著。分析了年平均温度和降水的气候阶段,还采用信噪比方法检验了95年来青岛气候突变。利用谱分析方法分析了气温和降水的主要周期。这些结果与北半球和我国近百年的气候变化趋势基本一致。  相似文献   

15.
中国近海海表温度变化的极端特性及其气候特征研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文基于1982–2017年日再分析数据,分析了中国近海海表温度变化的极端特性、历史演变、空间格局及可能影响,并探讨了与全球变化和区域气候变率的关联性。近30多年来,中国近海海表总体升温明显,尤以春季长江口附近及以南的外部近岸海域升温最为显著,线性升温速率高达0.2°C/(10 a)。相比而言,沿岸海域对气候变暖暂缓的响应可能更为明显;极端高(低)温强度以显著增强(减弱)为主,尤以春(夏)季幅度最大。沿岸海域春季极值温差增强显著,易通过物候变化引起生物迁移和赤潮等生态灾害突发、频发;北部海域极端事件持续天数大于南部,其中,黄海、东海极端高温持续天数增加显著,可能对渔业资源产生较大影响。受气候变暖暂缓影响,极端低温持续天数亦显著增加;极端高温在长江口附近,台湾海峡和南海北部等海域累积频次上升显著,未来极端海洋热浪事件可能持续增加,将对南海珊瑚礁等产生较大影响。极端低温累积频次以显著降低为主。然而长江口及以南沿岸极端低温在冬春季增强明显,可能对红树林等产生一定影响;太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)暖位相期间,ENSO暖事件得到增强,易引起中国近海海表极端低温的频发。北极涛动(AO)正位相时,限制了极区冷空气向南扩展,中国近海海表极端高温频次趋于增加,其危险性增强。  相似文献   

16.
郭东杰  张芳  王朋鹏  吴强 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(6):1292-1301
2019年5月,利用渔业底拖网,对我国黄海以及东海北部海域进行了全面系统的大型水母调查,分析了大型水母的种类组成、伞径大小和生物量以及与温度、盐度的关系。结果表明,本次调查主要捕获到沙海蛰、霞水母、洋须水母、多管水母四种大型水母,沙海蛰生物量最高,多管水母分布范围最广、数量最大。沙海蛰集中分布在调查海域南部,各海域伞径差异显著,在黄东海交界海域采集到幼水母体(10cm),生物量高值区出现在东海北部离岸海域,可达6422.16kg/km2;白色霞水母集中分布在东海北部,在近岸海域采集到幼水母体(6—7cm),生物量高值区位于离岸海域,可达7417.49kg/km2;洋须水母集中分布在黄海水深较深海域,北部海域个体较大,在黄海中部、南部交界处采集到幼水母体(10cm),生物量较低,高值区出现在黄海中部与南部,可达449.94kg/km2;多管水母分布范围较广,东海北部海域个体伞径较大,在山东半岛东部发现幼水母体(5cm),生物量高值区出现在黄海中部近岸海域,可达4901.42kg/km2。对比文献资料,发现整个调查海域,大型水母总体生物量比2015年同期有所增加。本文为研究该海域大型水母的年际变化规律提供数据基础。  相似文献   

17.
全球气候变暖已是不争的事实,其导致的极端气候事件增多、增强已成为全球性趋势.近年来全球多个区域存在旱涝并存、旱涝频发的趋势.研究表明,长期旱涝频发的主要原因是全球气温升高致使水循环在时间尺度上产生更强的非均匀性以及人为排放气溶胶粒子增多,短期旱涝急转的主要原因是大气环流形势、暖湿气流输送异常的耦合作用.现阶段对于极端降...  相似文献   

18.
Changes in climatic parameters and in temperature and precipitation extremes in northern Eurasia in the late 20th century are analyzed. A spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation anomalies and of a set of indices of climate extremes is presented. Changes in climate extremes show a tendency toward a milder climate, mainly in winter. At the same time, the frost-free period has substantially decreased in the eastern, northern, and central parts of European Russia. In some regions during summer, there is an increase in the frequency of extreme events such as heavy rains, droughts, and sharp cooling. It is shown that the geographic pattern of present-day climate anomalies is linked to variations in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The main mechanism of the current warming in northern Eurasia is a winter intensification of zonal flow linked to the increased frequency of positive anomalies of the North Atlantic Oscillation index.  相似文献   

19.
Global sea surface wind field data derived from NCEP reanalysis were used in driving a SWAN wave model to reconstruct historical wave records from 1948 to 2008. The reconstructed wave data were compared and verified by the observation of the data buoys of the Central Weather Bureau and the Water Resources Agency, Taiwan, and the National Data Buoy Center/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States. Over the past six decades, the wave climate in Taiwan waters has undergone considerable changes. The annual mean significant wave heights have reduced an average of 0.31 cm/year. Winter wave heights have gradually dropped 0.86 cm/year, which are related to the weakening of winter monsoons. Regarding the inter-annual wave climate variation, the influence of El Niño/southern oscillation was substantial; the wave heights increased in La Niña years and decreased in El Niño years. In the past 60 years, extreme wave events have been concentrated in two periods: 1967–1974 and 2000–2008. More severe extreme wave events occurred in the latter compared with the former, and all were induced by typhoons. A clear trend, in which the summer (winter) extreme wave events have increased (decreased) gradually, has been identified. The 1980s was the transition period. After the transition period, the annual occurrence of extreme wave events caused by typhoons exceeded those caused by an intense outbreak of winter cold surges, although the total number of the annual extreme wave events has not changed substantially.  相似文献   

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