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1.
采用低盐度(4、6、8、10、12、14、16)和高盐度(40、45、50、55、60、65、70)在40%~50%受精卵出现第一极体时处理10和15min,进行长牡蛎三倍体的诱导。在低盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度降低,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率差异显著(P0.05),孵化率差异不显著(P0.05)。当盐度为8时,处理受精卵10与15min,三倍体诱导率最高分别可达84.4%和91.0%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。在高盐度诱导三倍体实验中,随着盐度升高,D型幼虫孵化率逐渐降低,处理10和15min的卵裂率和孵化率均差异显著(P0.05)。当盐度为55时,处理受精卵10min,三倍体诱导率最高为80.3%;当盐度为60时,处理受精卵15min,三倍体诱导率最高为97.1%,两处理组三倍体诱导率差异显著(P0.05)。研究发现,在盐度为8和60条件下,40%~50%的受精卵出现第一极体时,处理15min,长牡蛎三倍体诱导率最高。 相似文献
2.
一种新方法——低渗诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究开发了1种多倍体诱导的新方法,采用低渗抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放诱导虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)三倍体.结果表明:以低渗盐度S=12,在第一个PB2出现时开始处理,持续处理20 min,诱导率可高达(84.74±3.82)%;三倍体处理组的幼虫比对照组具有明显的生长优势,但是幼虫存活率低于二倍体对照组. 相似文献
3.
报道采用咖啡因和热休克相结合的方法 ,抑制受精卵第二极体释放诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体的优化方案。实验结果表明 ,三倍体诱导率随着咖啡因浓度的增高而增高 ,D形幼虫的孵化率却随着咖啡因浓度的增高而降低 ;所进行 30～ 36℃热休克温度试验 ,其对三倍体诱导率影响不大 ,但对孵化率影响明显。在 2 3～ 2 5℃条件下 ,当 50 %受精卵出现第一极体时 ,用浓度为 2 g/ L的咖啡因 ,结合 33℃± 1℃的热休克 ,处理牡蛎受精卵 15min,三倍体诱导率达 80 %以上 ,孵化率在 4 5%左右。通过此法诱导的三倍体群幼虫的成活与生长情况与其二倍体群体无明显差异。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(Z1)
采用低渗抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放诱导栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)三倍体。水温20℃时,分别进行不同盐度处理(8~20)、不同起始处理时间(受精后15~40 min)和不同持续处理时间(10~25 min)的实验,对三倍体处理组和对照组幼虫的生长进行观察,同时将低渗、6-DMAP、热休克、冷休克4种诱导方法进行对比。结果表明:受精后30 min开始处理20 min,诱导率最高,可达(92.36±2.41)%,卵裂率为(49.78±6.51)%,孵化率为(61.82±1.63)%;D形幼虫期,处理组幼虫表现出明显的生长优势(P0.01),不仅生长速度快,而且发育到变态时个体比二倍体大;低渗诱导的三倍体率与6-DMAP相比无显著差异(P0.05);与热休克和冷休克相比差异显著(P0.01)。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(Z1)
以葡萄牙牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)为研究对象,分别使用6种介质(NaCl、KCl、CaCl_2、MgCl_2、蔗糖、海水)配制的梯度低渗溶液,在40%～50%受精卵出现第一极体(PB1)时处理15 min,进行三倍体诱导。研究表明,对于同种介质,卵裂率和孵化率均随渗透压升高而增大,三倍体诱导率则先增后减,在渗透压为P_8(盐度为8的海水渗透压)时达到最高。在同一渗透压P_8条件下,除CaCl_2组外,各组卵裂率、孵化率、诱导率与低渗海水组相比无显著差异(P0.05),CaCl_2组卵裂率、孵化率降低,而诱导率显著较高(P0.05)。各低渗组卵裂率、孵化率均低于自然海水组。研究结果表明,低渗海水法诱导贝类三倍体时物理的低渗因素发挥主要作用,Ca~(2+)可能起到辅助作用。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
研究了环境盐度对低盐诱导长牡蛎(Crossotrea gigas)三倍体的影响。在海水温度为(25±2)℃条件下,长牡蛎亲贝,经过不同盐度(22、26、30、34和38)海水培育,采取人工受精,在受精卵中出现40%~50%第一极体时,进行15min的低盐(4、6、8、10、12和14)持续诱导,然后放入不同盐度海水中进行孵化。研究表明:同一环境盐度下,随着低盐逐渐升高至环境盐度,卵裂率和孵化率均逐渐升高;与其他环境盐度相比,环境盐度为38时,卵裂率和孵化率均明显较低。当环境盐度为26、30、34和38时,在低盐为时8三倍体率最高;当环境盐度为22时,在低盐为6时三倍体率最高。当环境盐度为22、26、30、34和38时,在低盐为8时综合评价指数最高。通过双因子方差分析发现,环境盐度和低盐均对卵裂率、孵化率及三倍体率有显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
7.
香港巨牡蛎♀×太平洋牡蛎♂异源三倍体的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)和太平洋牡蛎(C.gigas)为研究对象,进行牡蛎异源三倍体研究试验。在水温25℃条件下,香港巨牡蛎剥离卵子于海水中浸泡促熟1.5h后,与太平洋牡蛎精子受精,获得最高卵裂率为(24.40±3.79)%。受精后20min,采用盐度为10的低渗海水处理杂交受精卵25min,可获得68.65%的异源三倍体幼虫,孵化率为12.71%。异源三倍体幼虫的存活率和生长率均未表现出优势。受精后第9天,异源三倍体幼虫的存活率仅为(0.116±0.023)%,平均壳长为(103.50±0.85)(m;对照组的存活率和壳长分别为(42.17±2.74)%和(123.25±8.60)μm。幼虫在附着变态前死亡。 相似文献
8.
为提供一种更科学、全面的三倍体诱导盐度综合评价方法,本研究采用了两种新的统计学方法对低盐诱导太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫三倍体的效果进行了评估。利用概率加权回归拟合构建了低盐诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体过程中卵裂率、孵化率与盐度的Probit回归模型,得到了不同诱导盐度条件下卵裂率及孵化率的估计值,其中50%卵裂率及50%孵化率的诱导盐度估计值分别为5.648和8.644,对该模型的可信性进行了验证。应用主成分分析法得到了两个可以代表卵裂率、孵化率和三倍体率的主成分和不同诱导盐度的综合评价指数,其中盐度8得分最高,为0.67,其次为盐度10,得分为0.54。研究结果表明,要达到50%孵化率,诱导盐度需大于8.644;盐度8和10均为合适的诱导盐度,其中盐度8诱导率更高、存活率较低,盐度10存活率更高、诱导率稍低。 相似文献
9.
每次在盘鲍三倍体诱导试验之前,都进行预试验,观察和了解在该温度下受精卵第一极体和第二极体出现的时间.当40%～50%的盘鲍受精卵出现第一极体时,采用以不同浓度的细胞松弛素B进行不同持续时间的处理抑制受精卵第二极体出现的方法诱导其三倍体.试验结果表明,在水温24.5℃下,诱导的起始时间为27min,诱导的浓度为0.70mg/dm^3,诱导的持续时间为10min,是三个诱导参数的较佳组合,其三倍体率达75%以上,并且胚胎的孵化率达75%,幼体的畸形率较低,为50%.本文还就诱导三倍体的一些问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(Z1)
以三倍体长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)"海大1号"为材料,从诱导强度、诱导时机和诱导持续时间三个方面比较了6-DMAP与盐度诱导"海大1号"长牡蛎四倍体的效果,并对获得的四倍体幼虫群进行培育,探讨了"海大1号"长牡蛎四倍体幼虫群的生长、存活情况。研究表明,温度25℃、盐度30、诱导密度5×10~6个/mL的条件下,用浓度450μmol/L的6-DMAP在30%～40%的受精卵排放极体时诱导,持续诱导15 min,四倍体诱导效果最佳;四倍体率、孵化率和诱导效率分别达45.13%±1.44%,20.01%±1.37%和9.03%。盐度诱导实验中,温度25℃、诱导密度5×10~6个/mL的条件下,用盐度12的低盐海水在受精卵刚排放极体时诱导,持续诱导15 min,四倍体诱导效果最佳;四倍体率,孵化率和诱导效率分别达35.12%±2.24%、19.19%±1.12%和6.74%。长牡蛎"海大1号"四倍体幼虫群的存活率极低,培育23 d后的存活率只有1.80%,最终成功培育出四倍体幼贝4 200粒。综合来看,6-DMAP和不同盐度诱导海大1号长牡蛎四倍体的最佳组合分别是:用450μmol/L的6-DMAP在极体排放30%～40%时持续诱导15 min;用盐度12的海水在极体刚排放时持续诱导15 min。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献