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贝藻混养技术在我国海水养殖中的应用与研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
贝藻混养技术是一种极有发展前途的养殖方式，对改善目前我国海水养殖中存在的水质污染严重、养殖品种生长缓慢等问题，具有十分积极的作用，从几十年来我国海水养殖中贝藻混养技术的发展、应用及研究现状等几个方面，综合论述了这一技术的优点和发展动态，为我国海水养殖业的进一步健康发展提供参考。 相似文献
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中国海水养殖规模和产量稳居世界首位,海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类产业在技术研发、应用推广等方面取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了贝类产业链中种质创新、生态养殖、高值化加工等产业技术取得的成果,分析了面临的挑战、亟需解决的产业问题及发展趋势,以期为我国贝类产业技术的发展提供参考,推动产业转型升级和提质增效,实现贝类产业的健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）已经成为中国南方一些地区水产养殖的重要产业，其养殖面积和规模在沿海省市迅速扩大，因为淡化养殖技术已基本过关，淡化养殖已开始向内陆发展。L．vannamei经过逐级淡化可在淡水环境中养殖，且在淡水环境生长快，抗病力强，养殖周期短，养殖密度和产量高。中国有丰富的淡水养殖水体资源，淡化养殖前景看好。L．vannamei淡化高产养殖同传统海水养殖有相似之处，表现为水体生物群落结构相对简单，水体生态系统脆弱，易失衡，但也存在明显差别，养殖密度高，盐度低，养殖水体藻类优势种中后期以蓝藻为主，水体严重富营养化。目前国内淡化高产养殖技术不完全成熟，还有一些养殖环节需要继续探索，有些养殖户在没有掌握淡化养殖和水质调控技术情况下，就盲目扩大养殖面积，或随意增加养殖密度，致使淡化高产养殖风险较大。近几年有关L．vannamei养殖和疾病防治的研究报道较多，对淡化高产养殖水体的生态理论研究还不够。作者是在大量调查淡化高产养殖虾池水体理化因子和生物因子的基础上，总结分析高产虾池水体理化因子、生物因子及水体生态系统的基本特征和规律，初步探讨淡化高产养殖的生态模式和人工调控途径。 相似文献
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水产养殖病原微生物检测技术研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
随着我国海水、淡水养殖集约化程度的提高 ,水产养殖中疾病的危害出现了日益严重的趋势。为了对各种暴发病、流行病进行深入研究和监控 ,将现代生物技术应用于各种病原诊断和防治 ,建立灵敏、准确、快速的病原检测技术已迫在眉睫。本文简要对目前的水产养殖病原微生物检测技术进行介绍。１免疫学检测技术免疫学检测技术利用抗原抗体间能发生特异性免疫反应的原理来检测病原 ,是运用较为广泛、成熟的检测技术。在抗原抗体反应当中 ,应用的抗体有多抗 (抗血清 )及单抗。抗血清制备相对简便易行 ,然而易发生血清交叉反应 ,需利用吸附法除去产生… 相似文献
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文章采用2005—2015年我国沿海地区的面板数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)和随机前沿分析(SFA)方法对海水养殖技术效率进行测度,并系统分析海水养殖技术效率的影响因素和意义。研究结果表明:我国海水养殖投入和产出水平较合理,但投入资源的优化配置仍有不足;海水养殖面积、海水养殖人员数量和中间物质消耗对海水养殖产量有显著的正相关影响,投入的鱼苗数对产量的影响不显著;运用DEA和SFA方法测度海水养殖技术效率存在显著相关性和差异性,在排序上存在显著一致性;海水养殖技术水平、海水养殖结构、机动渔船比例、海水养殖产值水平和海水养殖规模与海水养殖技术效率呈显著正相关,海产品加工水平呈正相关但不显著;研究海水养殖技术效率对海水养殖产业的发展具有重要意义。最后,基于海水养殖技术效率的影响因素提出相关建议。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献