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1.
以墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区为研究区,利用NOAA/AVHRR热红外影像,通过分析1999年Central Mexico 7.0级地震、1999年Oaxaco 7.5级地震和2003年Colima 7.6级地震3次地震期间与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方卫星热红外亮温异常的变化,研究了卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布的关系.研究发现,与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方,临震前频繁出现孤立的、带状的、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常,该研究结果表明,同次和多次地震临震前,该地区频繁出现孤立、带状、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常可能与海底蕴藏着天然气水合物藏有关. 相似文献
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卡尔曼滤波在卫星红外、微波海表温度数据融合中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星红外波段测量海表温度具有空间分辨率高的优点,但受云的影响而导致数据空间覆盖率低;微波辐射计具有全天候、穿透性优势,但空间分辨率低,而且近岸区域受到陆地电磁波的干扰,不能反演有效的海表温度.由于单一卫星传感器获取的数据存在一定的局限性和差异性,因此根据不同卫星传感器的特点,将红外、微波传感器卫星数据进行数据融合具有重要的实际应用意义.卡尔曼滤波是一种最优化自回归数据处理算法,本文将卡尔曼滤波法应用于红外和微波卫星海表温度数据融合研究,给出全天候、高分辨率的海表温度.研究区域为西北太平洋区域:10°N～50°N,105°E～145°E,研究数据时间为2008年3月. 相似文献
3.
提升灾害性对流天气的监测预警能力是短临天气预报的首要目标,但对流性降水在时间、空间上分布高度不均,观测难度大。卫星遥感监测降水的传统红外、水汽亮温判识方法,报警云团数量多,空报率高,指示意义不稳定,需要结合背景因素寻找方法提炼卫星辐射观测中更多的内在隐含信息,建立云顶亮温与此类灾害天气间的联系。此文尝试使用FY-2气象卫星红外云图数据和逐时加密地面降水观测资料,通过追踪云团移动进而分类、提取参数,然后用模糊支持向量机(FSVM)方法建立地面观测雨强与云团特征动态演变间的机器学习数学关系,标识出有监测预警意义的云团和强降水中心,对检验地域和时间的卫星强降水云团检测识别率达80%左右。 相似文献
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本文指出卫星红外及水色遥感资料同化研究，需要建立在中尺度分辨力大洋热力动力准地转运动与上混合层运动耦合数值模式的基础上，利用该耦合模式可进一步研究中尺度温度结构及相应运动场的形成、演化和统计特征，使该模式具有温度场预报应用的价值，并得到诸如叶绿素、悬浮泥沙等水色要素在空间场的分布，且使温度场和水色要素场与动力环境相协调。该项研究对卫星海洋学发展有深刻的理论意义和潜在应用前景。 相似文献
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本文指出卫星红外及水色遥感资料同化研究，需要建立在中尺度分辨力大洋热力动力准地转运动与上混合层运动耦合数值模式的基础上，利用该耦合模式可进一步研究中尺度温度结构及相应运动场的形成、演化和统计特征，使该模式具有温度场预报应用的价值，并得到诸如叶绿素、悬浮泥沙等水色要素在空间场的分布，且使温度场和水色要素场与动力环境相协调。该项研究对卫星海洋学发展有深刻的理论意义和潜在应用前景。 相似文献
8.
一、前言近年来不断发展的遥感技术已经广泛地应用在海洋环境监测中。水面油膜的热红外特性测量是油膜波谱特性测量的重要组成部分,因而也是监测海面油污染的一项基本工作。根据斯蒂藩-玻尔兹曼定律,对于全波长的黑体辐射出射度是 M_b=σT~4,而对于灰体辐射源,若其发射率为ε,那么,其辐射出射度 M=εσT~4。黑体和灰体都是理想物体,严格来说,在自然界是不存在的。我们可以看出,在遥感地物目标中,目标物的红 相似文献
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基于MTSAT卫星的我国东部沿海雾区的自动识别 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文综合运用可见光反射率阈值法,3×3像元空间一致性检测法,红外亮温阈值法及双通道差值法,建立全天候海雾遥感监测算法,并利用MTSAT卫星资料,对2006年4～5月间我国东部沿海海雾进行个例监测试验,并进行卫星图象的目视真实性检验.监测结果表明,该方法能较好地实现云雾自动分离.在夜间,能有效分离低层云雾和晴空像元;当出现逆温雾时,雾仍可以被有效地判识出来. 相似文献
11.
海雾是近海面层大气的水汽凝结现象.这种现象的发生是大气与海洋及大气内部热量和水汽交换的结果.Rodhe,B.[1]曾用湍流扩散方程讨论过湍流对雾形成的作用.Fisher,E.F.和Caplan[1]首次对雾和层云的形成进行数值试验. 相似文献
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V. V. Asmus Yu. M. Timofeyev A. V. Polyakov A. B. Uspensky Yu. M. Golovin F. S. Zavelevich D. A. Kozlov A. N. Rublev A. V. Kukharsky V. P. Pyatkin E. V. Rusin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(4):428-432
Preliminary results of a space experiment using the IKFS-2 infrared sounder (Meteor-M2 satellite) showed high-quality of measurements of spectra of the outgoing thermal radiation of the atmosphere–surface system and the adequacy of developed IR radiation atmospheric models in the 15-μm carbon gas absorption band used to recover the vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperature. Outgoing radiation spectra measured by IKFS-2 instruments make it possible to restore vertical temperature profiles with errors close to 1K in most of the 0–30 km high-altitude region, except for the lower troposphere and altitudes above 30 km, where these errors are close to 2–3K. 相似文献
13.
A. V. Rakitin V. S. Kostsov Yu. M. Timofeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(9):909-917
The problem of reconstructing the temperature distribution along optical paths from satellite measurements of the Earth’s limb radiation in the CO2 15-μm absorption band with a high spectral resolution is formulated and analyzed on the basis of numerical experiments performed in accordance with the MIPAS experiment. It is shown that the two-dimensional temperature field can be obtained through the processing of radiation measurements on paths with different target heights provided that spectral channels with essentially different optical thicknesses are used. The error in the stratospheric temperature determination varies from 1.8 to 5.6 K and depends on the target height of the optical path and the distance from the target point. The best horizontal resolution is 73–100 km, and it is achieved for optical paths with a target height of about 18–20 km. 相似文献
14.
在2008—2017年间登陆广东沿海的台风多达25个, 但台风登陆区域周边出现的热辐射异常现象并未引起太多关注。本文利用中国静止气象卫星FY-2C/2E红外遥感亮温资料, 对台风登陆引起的热辐射异常进行分析, 并使用亮温相对功率谱对台风登陆前后热辐射时空分布进行量化。研究发现: 伴随台风的登陆, 大于5倍以上背景值的亮温相对功率谱经历了产生—增加—极大值—减弱—消亡的过程, 其持续时间长于台风过程; 亮温相对功率谱增强的区域与台风登陆路径有一定的相关性, 受限于陆地条件和海洋热量供给; 通过分析台风登陆路径和台风登陆过程中亮温相对功率谱变化趋势可知, 台风登陆前后热辐射持续10~20d, 期间的热异常都与台风过程相关。台风登陆导致热辐射的机制可能与海洋表面降温、水汽聚集等因素有关, 即台风吸收的海洋热量随环流上升过程被海—气相互作用所调制, 导致不同频段和区域出现热辐射差异。 相似文献
15.
S. G. Boguslavskii A. S. Kuznetsov A. S. Boguslavskii I. K. Ivashchenko 《Physical Oceanography》2004,14(6):328-334
We study the formation of the vertical distribution of temperature in the upper layer of the oceans (0– 300m) at low latitudes (10°N-10°S) by using the nonlinear dependence of the vertical heat flow on the vertical temperature gradient with regard for the influence of the bulk absorption of solar radiation and heat sink on the temperature of water. The thermocline is formed under the condition that the modulus of temperature gradient attains values for which their subsequent increase leads either to insignificant variations of the heat flow or even to its decrease. We consider the possibility of solution of inverse problems for the evaluation of the heat-exchange coefficient and the parameter of the heat sink. For the Equatorial Atlantic considered as an example, we compare the theoretical results with the data of instrumental measurements.__________Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 10–16, November–December, 2004. 相似文献
16.
Formulas for the evaluation of temperature and humidity of air, wind speed, and sensible and latent heat fluxes on the ocean
surface according to the satellite data on the sea-surface temperature and cloudiness are deduced on the basis of the analysis
of many-year radiosonde, meteorological, shipborne, and satellite data. The proposed formulas can also be used for the interpretation
of the results of remote sensing of the ocean and atmosphere by radiometers in the visible, infrared, and microwave regions.
The transformations of radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes are described depending on the sea-surface temperature
for various cloudiness conditions. The computed values of the amount of water in the atmosphere agree with the radiosonde
data obtained throughout the Earth, including the data of research vessels and stationary weather ships, as well as the data
obtained in the ATEP test ranges and in the Arctic.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 56–70, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
17.
“暖池”表层对大气局地强迫的响应特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
利用湍流动能垂直混合模式和ＴＯＧＡ－ＣＯＡＲＥ加强观测期的观测资料,对“暖池”上混合层的垂直混合过程进行数值试验和数值模拟,分析表层温度、盐度的变化特征。结果表明：ＴＫＥ模式可以较好地模拟混层,尤其是表层温度、盐度对大气局地强迫的响应;太阳辐射是热源,感热、潜热通量等会造成“暖池”上混合层的温度降低,“暖池”对大气释放热量;降水有利于“淡水盖”形成和维持,从则使层结稳定,ＳＳＴ升高。但在气温低于海 相似文献
18.
斜抽运无机液体激光器的流场热分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
激光二极管斜抽运的多增益段串接的液体激光器能够明显地提高激光光束质量、获得较高的输出功率.针对斜抽运子增益段工作时所涉及的流动、传热和壁面耦合,建立了计算子增益段流场热分布的流-热-固耦合模型,应用有限单元法完成了其瞬态流场热分布的数值模拟.该方法排除了不精确的换热系数对计算结果的影响,使得换热系数不再是计算的先决条件,而只是计算结果之一;并且为评价流道形状、流速、吸收系数等因素对流场热的影响,以及进一步改进和控制液体激光介质的流场热分布,提供了可靠的分析方法.数值模拟研究表明:换热系数是空间位置的函数; 相似文献
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K M Azam Chowdhury Wensheng Jiang Changwei Bian Guimei Liu Md Kawser Ahmed Shaila Akhter 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):19-37
Variations in incoming shortwave radiation influence the net surface heat flux, contributing to the formation of a temperature inversion. The effects of shortwave radiation on the temperature inversions in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean have never been investigated. Thus, a high-resolution (horizontal resolution of 0.07°×0.07° with 50 vertical layers) Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model is utilized to quantify the contributions of shortwave radiation to the temperature inversions in the study domain. Analyses of the mixed layer heat and salt budgets are performed, and different model simulations are compared. The model results suggest that a 30% change in shortwave radiation can change approximately 3% of the temperature inversion area in the Bay of Bengal. Low shortwave radiation reduces the net surface heat flux and cools the mixed layer substantially; it also reduces the evaporation rate, causing less evaporative water vapor losses from the ocean than the typical situation, and ultimately enhances haline stratification. Thus, the rudimentary outcome of this research is that a decrease in shortwave radiation produces more temperature inversion in the study region, which is primarily driven by the net surface cooling and supported by the intensive haline stratification. Moreover, low shortwave radiation eventually intensifies the temperature inversion layer by thickening the barrier layer. This study could be an important reference for predicting how the Indian Ocean climate will respond to future changes in shortwave radiation. 相似文献
20.
N. A. Timofeev 《Physical Oceanography》2011,20(6):451-469
The temperature of waters in the upper layer of the ocean and effective cloudiness (cloudiness with simultaneous indication
of its amount and optical density) are important characteristics of the natural environments. They determine the greenhouse
effects and the energy of the ocean and atmosphere, and regulate climate. The satellite data on these characteristics enable
one to reconstruct all components of the radiation, heat, and water budgets in the ocean–atmosphere system and study their
intra- and interannual variations. We describe the procedures of evaluation of the effective cloudiness according to the sea-surface
temperature and the radiation temperature in the spectral range 10.3–11.3 μm. The development of these investigations is connected
with the advances in satellite hydrophysics: the satellite data become more and more accurate, regular, and global. 相似文献