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1.
使用美国海洋大气局2010年发布的海洋温度数据库、地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库,研发三维体积、切面可视和分析技术,探讨东海黑潮区温度逐月空间变化。得出,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,表层平均温度的差值在4—5月份最大,8—9月份最小,反映黑潮与东海热交换的月季变化;表层温度的年较差和月差值在128°E附近最大,指示了黑潮与东海陆架水热量交换最多的部位。以深度220m为转换层,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,在转换层以上同深度温度呈下降趋势,以下呈上升的趋势;反映黑潮进入东海后中层水的扩张。从温位差判断,在表层,东海黑潮区的热交换在3—4月份最大,在9月份最小;热交换主要出现在靠东海大陆架一侧,热交换最大的区域在台湾东北海域、127°E附近的海域和吐噶喇海峡东北侧。从平均温位差推断,在东海黑潮区,热交换主要出现在30—150m层,在7—9月份最大,11—1月份最小。 相似文献
2.
东海黑潮热核的时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用美国国家海洋大气管理局2007年发布的全球海域温度数据库资料和美国国家地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库资料,对东海黑潮热核(即高温区)的时空分布进行了分析。结果显示:从表层到250m深,东海黑潮热核的分布区域由表层的靠近中轴线附近逐渐偏向黑潮的东部边缘,分布范围由表层占黑潮流幅的30%以上缩减到250m深度的10%左右,250m以下热核的分布范围和区域再没有明显的变化;从表层到水深200m,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,热核的温度与深度呈下降的趋势,在200m以下呈上升的趋势,2月份上层下降的趋势最明显;热核在台湾东北部和30°N附近进入吐噶喇海峡处均出现明显的转弯点,随着深度的增加热核的转弯点逐渐偏向东南,在台湾东北部200m水深以上热核转弯点分布还存在明显的季节变化。 相似文献
3.
4.
东海黑潮温盐与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用东海黑湖主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料，研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系。结果表明，在过去50年内，东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势，而上层盐度略呈下降趋势。东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切，呈现出大面积显著的正相关，这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关。夏季，长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海，导致黑潮上层水盐度下降，此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关。 相似文献
5.
基于1979—2008年的表面漂流浮标资料,在选定区域(21°～33°N,120°～132°E)内对3个东海黑潮特征断面上的表层流速结构进行分析。选取的特征断面分别是位于台湾东北东海黑潮南段的SS断面,位于黑潮所流经东海的中央地段的PN断面和位于日本九州与奄美群岛之间的TT断面。Argos漂流浮标资料的统计结果能够较好地反映东海黑潮不同流段的主要特征及其季节变化。东海黑潮中段相对于其他流段流速强、流幅宽、流量大的特征最为显著,也最为稳定。 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(3)
2006年4—5月对南黄海和东海北部进行了悬浮体调查,分析研究了45个站位的悬浮体资料和数据,阐述了南黄海和东海北部春季颗粒有机碳(POC)的平面和垂向分布特征,并结合悬浮体总氮(PN)和C/N摩尔比值探讨了其来源及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区春季表层悬浮体POC在东海北部31°N、123°E附近含量最高,124°E以东悬浮体POC含量相对降低;长江口邻近海区表层悬浮体POC浓度较高,与长江冲淡水径流携带大量营养物质刺激生物生长有关。底层悬浮体POC含量高值区出现在南黄海33.5°N、121.5°E附近,在东海31.5°N、124.5°E附近出现次高值区,东海31°N以南区域POC含量则相对较低,高浓度主要受底质再悬浮作用影响。C/N摩尔比显示,南黄海和东海北部悬浮体有机质主要为海洋来源。研究区悬浮体POC的分布主要受海流影响,可以识别出黄海暖流、苏北沿岸流和长江冲淡水等控制区。南黄海和东海北部悬浮体POC分布是有机质来源和海流作用等因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
7.
海洋锋是特性明显不同的两种或几种水体之间的水平分布高梯度带。海洋锋对海战场环境存在重要影响。文中基于高性能计算机平台,采用海洋动力模式和先进的数据同化技术制作的海洋数值再分析产品(China Ocean Reanalysis,CORA),研究了东中国海温度锋和盐度锋分别在表层和50 m层深度上的季节变化特征。通过分析发现温度锋在冬季主要分布在东海及台湾海峡,在夏季主要分布在渤海及黄海;春秋两季的变化介于冬夏两季之间;东海黑潮区四季皆存在温度锋。盐度锋主要存在于黄河和长江等径流入海区附近。温度锋和盐度锋的季节变化主要受气象条件、河流入海和近岸升降流季节变化的共同影响。 相似文献
8.
基于WOA东北亚海1/10°温盐统计数据产品、海洋水文图集和历史海洋调查相关研究成果,系统研究了东北亚海温度盐度结构主要特征;春季和夏季,黄海东西沿岸存在温度低值中心;描述和定义了黑潮右侧次表层伸向西南方向的"黑潮逆流冷舌";研究了东北亚海主要流系和部分海洋中尺度现象(海洋涡旋、海洋锋、上升流、长江冲淡水等)引起的温度盐度结构特征。日本海40°N附近海洋温度锋一年四季都比较强,中国东海海面温度锋在冬季和春季比较强。台湾东北冷涡和日本以南超级暖涡附近是温度极值中心。该研究成果为东北亚海海洋水文环境保障提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
东海带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)渔获量与邻近海域水文环境变化的关系 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
利用35年的东海区带鱼年渔获量资料与长江径流及东海温、盐断面资料、SST和黑潮流量资料，分析了东海渔获量年际变化与海洋环境的关系。结果表明，东海渔获量与长江径流和黑潮暖流的变化有密切的关系，长江径流量大时，东海渔获量高；反之，则低。1960年以来东海区渔获量的4次长期波动与长江径流的年代际变化基本一致。东海渔获量的丰、欠与黑潮(流量)的强、弱呈反位相变化，秋季的黑潮流量与渔获量的变化关系尤其显著；黑潮强(弱)时，东海渔获量低(高)。受长江径流和黑潮的影响，渔获量与盐度的高相关区夏季位于长江口区，秋季则位于黑潮左侧的盐锋内；东海渔获量高(低)分别与区域内盐度的低(高)变化相一致。东海区渔获量与不同季节SST变化的高相关区(即渔场区)关系密切，冬季(2月)位于东海北部的大沙渔场，春(5月)、夏季(8月)位于长江口舟山渔场，秋末初冬(12月)位于舟山及陆架暖流区，渔获量丰年与渔场区SST正异常相对应。 相似文献
10.
利用Argo浮标资料分析横跨吕宋海峡20.5°N断面的水文特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于Argo浮标资料,分析了一条横跨南海北部、吕宋海峡和西太平洋（20.5°N,114°~130°E）断面的海水温度、盐度的分布特征.其结果表明：Argo剖面资料得到的2008年秋季20.5°N断面海水的温度、盐度分布态势与气候态秋季的分布基本一致,主要差异在于南海次表层水的盐度极大值和西太平洋次表层水的盐度极大值,2008年秋季二者均比气候态秋季的低0.1左右.通过动力计算（选取1 200 m为速度零面）表明：Argo浮标剖面资料与融合的卫星高度计产品得到的20.5°N,117.5°~124.5°E断面的表层地转流北分量的分布比较吻合;吕宋海峡中部（20°~21°N）的黑潮主轴大致位于121.5°E附近,其东边界可达123°E,而西边界仅限于121°E以西,其可能原因是该季节黑潮的左侧存在着一个气旋式环流,阻碍了黑潮西进;黑潮在20.5°N断面的体积流量为27×106m3/s左右,最大流速约为55 cm/s,出现在70 m层左右. 相似文献
11.
Kalachand Sain V. Rajesh N. Satyavani K.V. Subbarao C. Subrahmanyam 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1779-1786
The gas-hydrate stability thickness (GHST) map along the Indian continental margin is prepared from available bathymetry, sea-bottom temperature and geothermal gradient data. The bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) often marks the base of gas-hydrate stability zone. The prior information about the stability thickness in a particular area will help in identifying BSR on seismic data. The map is also useful to the exploration scientists to set a depth window within which proxies for gas-hydrate can be looked into. A GHST map was initially prepared in 1998 based on the-then available data. A lot of new data has been generated by various organizations under the Indian National Gas Hydrate Programs for the advancement of exploration and exploitation activities. By incorporating the new data from the published and available documents, we have modified the GHST map along the Indian margin. Besides filling the data gap, the new map shows the gas-hydrate stability zone in the Andaman offshore. In addition, we show maps of sea-bottom temperature, sediment thickness, geothermal gradient and heat flow to provide a bird’s eye view of these parameters along the continental margin of India. 相似文献
12.
Sensitivity of the Interannual Kuroshio Transport Variation South of Japan to Wind Dataset in OGCM Calculation 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Hiroshi Yoshinari Motoyoshi Ikeda Kiyoshi Tanaka Yukio Masumoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):341-350
Numerical experiments were carried out using OGCM (Ocean General Circulation Model), MOM2.2 (Modular Ocean Model Ver. 2.2),
over realistic topography data, ETOPO5 (Earth Topography - 5 Minute), to investigate the interannual variability of the Kuroshio
transport in 1960–2000 south of Japan; 1) the PN line located off the East China Sea, and 2) the ASUKA (Affiliated Surveys
of the Kuroshio off Cape Ashizuri) line located off Cape Ashizuri. We adopted two wind datasets as driving forces of the OGCM:
1) the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis monthly
mean wind stress data, and 2) the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts) daily wind data. In the ECMWF
experiments we replaced the NCEP/NCAR data only in 1979–1993 because of the availability of the data. The OGCMs and observation
basically agree on the temporal variation patterns of the transports until 1986 on the PN line with correlation coefficients
of about 0.6. During the 1990s, when data were collected on the ASUKA line, the NCEP/NCAR experiments give lower correlation
coefficients (less than 0.3), on both PN and ASUKA lines, while the ECMWF experiments have a higher value on the ASUKA line
(0.5). One of the reasons for the disagreement between the observations and OGCMs during the 1990s might arise from the NCEP/NCAR
data. An additional analysis of a wind-driven circulation was performed to examine the sensitivity of integrated Sverdrup
transport along the western boundary to the propagation speed of a baroclinic Rossby wave, which is varied by stratification.
A variation of the stratification, which might be induced by variability of air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes, cannot be
a main cause of the disagreement.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
南海夏季风爆发与西北太平洋热带气旋活动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1965—2007年美国台风预警中心(JTWC)的热带气旋(TC)及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,初步研究南海夏季风爆发与西北太平洋(包括南海)热带气旋活动之间的关系。结果表明,南海夏季风的爆发伴随着西北太平洋(尤其南海区域)TC生成个数和活动频数比爆发前有显著增加,而超过1/2的年份南海夏季风爆发前2候和爆发候西北太平洋(150°E以西)有TC活动,表明TC活动可能是南海夏季风爆发的触发机制之一。在大多数(77%)南海夏季风爆发偏早年,爆发前2候和爆发候西北太平洋TC活动偏多,且TC生成位置偏西;而大多数(77%)爆发偏晚年份,爆发前2候和爆发候没有TC活动。季风的偏早爆发受季节内振荡、西北太平洋TC活动、中纬度冷空气活动等复杂因素影响,而季风的偏晚爆发则主要受季节内振荡影响。 相似文献
14.
Predictability of Interannual Variability in the Kuroshio Transport South of Japan Based on Wind Stress Data over the North Pacific 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
It is expected that a roughly two-year forecast of the Kuroshio transport variation can be made from a past record of wind
stress data over the ocean, since it takes nearly ten years for the first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave to traverse the entire
basin in the midlatitude North Pacific (∼30°N). We therefore investigated the predictability using an ocean general circulation
model driven by the wind stress data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric
Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. Referring to a hindcast experiment as the control run, we carried out fifteen forecast experiments,
the initial conditions of which are taken from the hindcast experiment at intervals of two years during the period from the
end of 1969 to the end of 1997. Each of the forecast experiments is driven only by wind stress in the year preceding each
experiment. The forecasted Kuroshio transport anomaly south of Japan agrees better with the hindcasted one during the first
two years of the forecast in most cases. In some cases, however, significant disagreements occur, most of which are likely
due to larger unpredictable variations caused by wind stress anomalies near Japan. At the end of forecast year 2, the anomaly
correlation coefficient is about 0.7, and rms of the forecast error is smaller than rms of the hindcasted anomaly. These results
indicate that the prediction of the interannual variability in the Kuroshio transport could be made two years in advance at
a statistically significant level.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
北印度洋是我国“海上丝绸之路”的重要通道,其每年热带气旋活动引起的风暴潮等严重威胁着船舶航行安全和沿岸国家人民生命财产安全。分析研究北印度洋风暴潮的特征,对我国经济发展及北印度洋沿岸国家防灾减灾具有重要的现实意义。利用美国联合预警中心(the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, JTWC)公布的1950~2020年热带气旋资料、美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)公布的1950~2020年热带气旋资料与1950~2020年的Niño3.4指数、夏威夷大学海平面中心(University of Hawaii Sea Level Center, UHSLC)公布的北印度洋每小时的水位数据进行分析,结果表明: (1)北印度洋大于1 m的风暴潮主要分布在孟加拉湾北部,少量分布在孟加拉湾其他区域与阿拉伯海; (2)孟加拉湾北部区域的年际最大热带风暴潮(annual maximum tropical cyclone storm surge, AMTSS)与当月Niño3.4指数、南方涛动指数(southern oscillation index, SOI)相关性较高、受厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(EI Niño-Southem Oscillation, ENSO)的影响明显; (3)北印度洋AMTSS月际分布呈现双峰分布,与热带气旋(tropical cyclone, TC)的月际分布基本一致; (4) La Niña期间影响孟加拉湾北部的热带气旋在数量与强度方面均超过El Niño期间影响孟加拉湾的热带气旋,是La Niña期间风暴潮极值大于EI Niño期间风暴潮极值的重要原因。研究表明, AMTSS对ENSO信号的响应可能为AMTSS提供了潜在的可预测性,这对早期预警和减少风暴潮灾害具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
Both spatial and spatiotemporal distributions of the sources of tsunamigenic earthquakes of tectonic origin over the last 112 years have been analyzed. This analysis has been made using tsunami databases published by the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States), as well as earthquake catalogs published by the National Earthquake Information Center (United States). It has been found that the pronounced activation of seismic processes and an increase in the total energy of tsunamigenic earthquakes were observed at the beginning of both the 20th (1905–1920) and 21st (2004–2011) centuries. Studying the spatiotemporal periodicity of such events on the basis of an analysis of the two-dimensional distributions of the sources of tectonic tsunamis has made it possible to determine localized latitudinal zones with a total lack of such events (90°?75° N, 45°–90° S, and 35°?25° N) and regions with a periodic occurrence of tsunamis mainly within the middle (65°?35° N and 25°–40° S) and subequatorial (15° N–20° S) latitudes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The objective of this work is to analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of sources of tsunamigenic earthquakes and the effect of the periodic occurrence of such events on the basis of data taken from global tsunami catalogs. 相似文献
17.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of Russian studies of climate and its changes (published in 2015–2018) are presented using a review prepared for the National Report... 相似文献
18.
Mansour Ioualalen Yoshinobu Wakata Yoshikazu Kawahara Yves Gouriou David Varillon 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(1):105-111
The sea surface salinity (SSS) derived from a network developed at Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD/Nouméa)
has been analyzed during the period 1995–1998 in the tropical western Pacific. The measurements were made with thermosalinographs
installed on merchant ships selected for their regularity and routes. The western tropical Pacific was sampled mainly along
three regular routes across the equator leading to an average of a one month frequency. We analyze here how such a network
can be efficient in monitoring the SSS at time scales longer than one month. For this purpose we have used results derived
from the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) which is forced by the surface flux of National Centers for Environmental Prediction
(NCEP) reanalysis data. The interannual variability of the simulated SSS exhibits very similar features to (sub-sampled) observations
despite its being weakly damped to a climatology in order to avoid biases. Even smaller time scale phenomena can be simulated,
like the erosion/reconstruction of the region composed of low density waters lying within the Pacific warm pool. The agreement
between the observational data and the simulations indicate that the network sampling is sufficient to monitor the SSS variability
of the western tropical Pacific from three-month to interannual time scales.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
海水的氧饱和度与韦斯方程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1973年 ,联合国教科文组织 (U NESCO)汇同英国国立海洋研究所 (NOI)联合颁布了“国际海洋学用表”第二卷 ,即由国际海洋学用表与标准联合专家小组监督制订 ,由 NOI与 UNESCO,依据韦斯方程编辑出版的海水氧饱和度表。韦斯方程是海水中氧的溶解度与温度和盐度关系的一组方程式 ,它提供了一种计算海水中氧的溶解度的简便而又系统的方法。本文主要介绍了韦斯方程的推导过程、计算方法、数据引用、适用范围及公式精度等技术问题 ,供海洋科技工作者研究、参考 ,以利于进一步提高海水溶解氧的观测技术及计量标准工作的水平 相似文献
20.
The continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico is diapirically controlled and is comprised of coalescing salt sheets, salt withdrawal basins, salt ridges, salt tongues and sills, and submarine canyons. Bathymetric information from single-beam data has resulted in several published maps. Many of the map areas have been remapped, using multibeam surveys, by the US National Ocean Service, and names have been given to the major physiographic features. The multibeam program was discontinued before complete coverage of the slope was accomplished. We provide charts of the remaining areas with names of features that have been accepted by the US Board of Geographic Names. 相似文献