共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2)
采用SODA数据资料,分析了1950—2008年太平洋北赤道逆流(NECC)的年际变化特征及其与ENSO循环的联系。研究结果表明:(1)El Nio(La Nia)盛期是NECC流量由年际异常增大(减小)到异常减小(增大)的转折点;(2)NECC流轴的纬度在El Nio(La Nia)盛期达到年际异常最南(北)端;(3)NECC流轴在深度上呈西深东浅倾斜,El Nio(La Nia)盛期倾斜最弱(强)。通过构造典型ENSO循环的海表面风应力场,驱动一层半线性约化重力数值模式,结果验证了在NECC的年际变化中海表面风应力场是关键因素,而大洋波动(Kelvin波和Rossby波)和洋流本身是海洋内部的主要动力调整机制。 相似文献
2.
太平洋年代际涛动对ENSO与华南冬季降水关系的可能影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(8)
基于中国160站冬季降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA SST资料,本文分析了太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)不同位相时期ENSO事件对华南冬季降水影响的差异。结果表明:在PDO正位相时期,El Nio年华南冬季降水显著增加,而La Nia年华南冬季降水没有明显变化;在PDO负位相时期,El Nio年华南冬季降水增加虽然显著,但仅是PDO正位相时期的一半,而La Nia年华南冬季降水显著减少,这说明PDO对ENSO事件影响华南冬季降水具有调制作用,且El Nio(La Nia)事件对华南冬季降水的影响在PDO不同位相时期具有不对称性。前人研究指出,El Nio(La Nia)事件主要通过西北太平洋异常反气旋(气旋)影响华南冬季降水。本文分析发现,在PDO正位相时期,El Nio年西北太平洋异常反气旋北侧西南气流影响华南,造成降水增加,而La Nia年西北太平洋异常气旋位置向南推,对华南地区影响很小;在PDO负位相时期,El Nio年西北太平洋异常反气旋位置东移,对华南影响不大,而La Nia年华南地区基本为西北太平洋异常气旋北侧东北风异常所控制,从而使降水减少。由此可见,PDO不同位相时期El Nio(La Nia)事件影响华南冬季降水异常差异的主要原因是西北太平洋异常反气旋(气旋)的差异造成的。此外,源自孟加拉湾低槽南侧的西风水汽输送异常在PDO不同位相时期El Nio(La Nia)年份也存在非对称性的差异。 相似文献
3.
ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号传播特征及其机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析最新的海洋模式同化资料(EstimatingtheCirculationandClimateoftheOcean,EC CO),研究了ENSO循环相关的海洋异常信号在太平洋中的传播过程。研究发现,导致ENSO位相变化的温跃层异常信号主要从北太平洋西传而来,该区与赤道东太平洋相反的温跃层异常信号到达西太暖池区,再从西太暖池沿赤道传到东太平洋,可使ENSO向反位相发展。该异常信号沿赤道东传过程中热带西南太平洋也会出现类似的温跃层异常变化,但是随着异常信号东移和从南太平洋东边界10°S左右传来的反异常信号入侵,热带西南太平洋的异常信号逐渐减弱并消失。稳定性分析表明,北太平洋较大面积区域存在斜压不稳定性或正压不稳定性,有利于ENSO相关的温跃层异常信号以Rossby波形式有效地西传;而在南太平洋,不稳定区的面积较小,且主要局限于海盆东侧,因而传播较弱,这样就造成了ENSO信号在太平洋南、北半球的非对称传播。一般来说,ENSO信号主要在以赤道波导区、东边界、北太平洋纬向区域和西边界组成的回路中循环,在南半球的传播不明显。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
基于HadISST海表温度和NCEP/NCAR的海平面气压等再分析资料,研究了北太平洋海平面气压主模态与El Nio的关系。结果发现:阿留申低压模态是对El Nio事件的同期响应,而北太平洋涛动模态可以诱导热带太平洋产生类似中部型El Nio的海温异常,且具有提前4~12个月的预报意义。冬春季的北太平洋涛动处于正位相时,阿留申低压与夏威夷高压同时减弱,北太平洋背景风场减弱。夏威夷高压东南侧西南风异常减弱北太平洋东北信风,使加利福尼亚海区SST暖异常,在"风-蒸发-SST"机制的作用下,异常暖海温向热带太平洋传播,使赤道地区海温升高并产生西风异常,热带太平洋产生类似中部型El Nio的异常海温。El Nio类型的年代际变化可能受到北太平洋涛动的影响,当北太平洋涛动信号活跃时,中部型El Nio事件的发生频率大。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
基于海洋与大气再分析数据,对1950—2010年间的El Ni?o事件进行了分类与合成分析;对比分析了两类El Ni?o事件的发展过程。结果发现,两类El Ni?o事件暖信号的发展经历了不同的过程:中部型El Ni?o暖信号的起源主要受到北太平洋低层大气环流的影响,而东部型El Ni?o暖信号来源于热带太平洋海洋温跃层。在中部型El Ni?o前期冬、春季,北太平洋涛动型大气环流使副热带北太平洋信风减弱,SST增暖。在"风-蒸发-SST"机制的作用下,SST正异常传播到热带太平洋中部,热带太平洋中西部产生西风异常,大气对流发展,热带太平洋东部受东风异常的控制。当中部型El Ni?o发展成熟时,大气对流中心与海温异常中心位于热带太平洋中部;在东部型El Ni?o前期冬、春季,西北副热带太平洋的西风异常使热带太平洋产生暖开尔文波,并向东传播到热带太平洋东部,使其表层海温增暖。在Bjerkness正反馈机制的作用下,表层暖信号发展并向西传播。东部型El Ni?o发展成熟时,大气对流中心与海温异常中心位于热带太平洋东部。 相似文献
6.
热带太平洋第二类El Nio事件及其对中国气候的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于热带太平洋次表层海温资料,分析了热带太平洋第二类El Nio事件海温异常的分布特征及其形成机制,讨论了与经典El Nio事件、El Nio Modoki、WP(西太平洋暖池)及CT(冷舌)El Nio事件之间的关系,揭示了第二类El Nio事件对中国降水的影响,得到以下结论。(1)第二类El Nio事件表征为热带太平洋次表层海温异常第三模态,占总方差贡献的4.7%。在海洋表面层,第二类El Nio事件暖期赤道东太平洋为沿赤道西伸的冷舌,热带中西太平洋为环绕冷舌的马蹄型大范围暖区。该型具11a和30~40a年代际振荡及3~4a年际变率,峰值多出现在春季。第二类El Nio事件是热带太平洋异常海面风应力场和赤道两侧的风应力旋度共同作用的结果,在赤道东印度洋-中西太平洋与赤道东太平洋-南美洲上空出现以反号垂直运动为特征的异常Walker环流。(2)El Nio Modoki与第二类El Nio事件有密切关系,它实质上是第二类El Nio事件次表层海温与近海面大气相互作用的结果,捕捉了第二类El Nio事件的主要信息。(3)第二类El Nio事件对中国春季及夏初降水有一定影响。在事件暖期,东海地区存在一个显著的异常反气旋性环流,其南侧的中国南方地区盛行异常东北气流,水汽来源减少,导致该地区少雨,其西侧的异常偏南气流北上直达华北地区,异常多水汽向北输送,并与北方的偏北流场相遇,导致该地区降水偏多。在第二类El Nio事件冷期相反。本文结果还指出,WP与CT El Nio事件是由经典El Nio事件第一模态与El Nio Modoki事件组合而成,它们不是独立的El Nio类型。此外,还讨论了夏半年El Nio事件对大气环流影响的物理过程。 相似文献
7.
ENSO循环相联系的北太平洋低纬度异常西边界流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用SODA海洋同化和NCEP大气再分析资料,分析了热带太平洋次表层海温异常主要模态与北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域上层海洋环流和亚洲-北太平洋地区大气垂直和水平流场变化之间的关系,得到以下结果:（1） 在热带太平洋海洋次表层ENSO事件具有两种模态,二者组合构成ENSO循环。第一模态为ENSO成熟期,主要出现在冬季,第二模态为ENSO过渡期,主要出现夏季。（2） ENSO循环对北太平洋低纬度西边界流区上层海洋环流有重要影响。在El Niño发展期或La Niña 衰退期,该区出现气旋性异常环流,北赤道流（NEC）加强,NEC分叉位置北移,棉兰老海流（MC）加大,菲律宾以东黑潮（KC）减小,北赤道逆流（NECC）最强。在El Niño（La Niña）成熟期,该区气旋性（反气旋性）异常环流达最强,NEC最强（最弱）,NEC分叉位置最北（最南）,MC最大（最小）,KC最小（最大）,NECC减弱（加强）。在El Niño衰退期或La Niña发展期与El Niño发展期相反,该区出现反气旋性异常环流,由此导致相应流系异常发生反位相变化。（3） ENSO循环对北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域上层海洋环流的影响是通过ENSO事件期间热带太平洋热力状况异常改变上空大气环流来实现的。ENSO事件首先造成热带太平洋海洋热力状况异常,导致其上空对流活动异常,后者直接或间接通过“大气桥”能量传输引起相关地区大气环流场的变化,致使海面风应力场异常,进而强迫上层海洋环流场的相应变化。文章最后还分析了ENSO事件期间菲律宾附近异常反气旋或异常气旋性风场的产生和持续原因,讨论了北太平洋低纬度西边界流海域海气相互作用在ENSO循环中的贡献。 相似文献
8.
《海洋气象学报》2017,(3)
利用NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)和NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)提供的再分析资料和CPC(National Climate Prediction Center)提供的Nino3.4指数,研究了与赤道中东太平洋海温异常相对应的ENSO(El Nio-Southern Oscillation)不同位相对同期北半球海气耦合关系及两大洋风暴轴协同关系的影响,具体结论如下:1)赤道中东太平洋海温异常与冬季北半球两大洋风暴轴协同变化关系密切,具体表现为海温正异常时对应北太平洋风暴轴和北大西洋风暴轴同时增强,且大西洋风暴轴整体和太平洋风暴轴东部位置南压,海温负异常时则相反。2)海温正异常(El Nio)年时,对流层中层极涡向北太平洋地区伸展,西北太平洋副热带高压增强西移,东亚大槽减弱,高度场异常对应WP(Western Pacific pattern)、EA(Eastern Atlantic pattern)型遥相关的负位相和PNA(Pacific-North American pattern)型遥相关正位相,对流层低层加拿大高压增强,阿留申低压强度增强并向东南方向移动,东亚急流增强东伸,北美急流强度增强,欧亚大陆50°N附近西风增强,经向环流减弱,北半球的斜压异常分布有利于北太平洋东部风暴轴南侧以及中西部风暴轴的有效位能向扰动动能转换,使得风暴轴增强东部南压,北大西洋风暴轴南部斜压增强,使得风暴轴整体偏南,中、西部强度增强。海温负异常(La Nia)年时,海温和环流异常在两大洋基本与El Nio年相反,对应两大洋风暴轴强度同时减弱,同时北大西洋风暴轴整体和北太平洋风暴轴东部北抬。3)海温正异常(El Nio)年时,北美大陆为北暖南冷的异常分布,60°N以南的东亚地区除我国西南外基本为温度异常升高。海温负异常(La Nia)年时,由于高度场和风场异常在欧亚大陆和北美大陆上的异常分布与El Nio年时并不是完全相反,使得温度场异常主要表现在北美南部和东亚北部异常升高。 相似文献
9.
根据1949~1998年期间8次显著El Nio事件合成的24个月年际海温异常(SSTAs)和气候平均的海温(SST),利用CCM3分别进行了3个包含10次积分的集合试验,即控制试验(CTRL),热带太平洋海洋全球大气试验(TOGA)以及整个太平洋海洋全球大气试验(TOGA-NP),通过对比分析这3个试验之间的集合模拟结果,揭示了在El Nio不同演变阶段东亚气候年际异常响应结构以及北太平洋年际SSTAs在此过程中的调制作用.结果表明:El Nio发展阶段夏季,东亚地区大气环流异常呈显著的负PJ波列,副热带高压减弱、偏东,东亚夏季风增强,东北和江淮流域降水偏多,华北和长江流域及其以南地区降水偏少;El Nio成熟阶段冬季,东亚大槽加强,东亚北部冬季风加强,西太平洋副热带地区低层有显著的反气旋式异常风场,华南地区降水显著增多;El Nio衰亡阶段夏季东亚气候年际异常型与其发展阶段夏季几乎相反.同时,北太平洋年际SSTAs对El Nio影响东亚气候年际异常有一定的调制作用,使模拟的我国降水异常分布更符合观测. 相似文献
10.
应用TAO(Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project)热带太平洋实测海温和风场资料,分析研究了2010/2011年La Nia事件的变化特征,讨论了此次过程中赤道太平洋次表层异常海温的变化特征及其传播过程,以及上层海温场的异常变化机理。结果表明,2010/2011年的La Nia事件与传统事件不同,是一次明显的中部型La Nia事件(简称CPP La Nia),其爆发过程主要存在两个不同机制的响应过程:一是西太平洋暖池(WPWP)区域次表层异常冷海温通过赤道潜流的作用沿温跃层东传,导致赤道东太平洋上层海洋温度场出现异常降温:二是赤道中东太平洋出现强的距平东风,通过上升流作用,导致冷海温上传影响中太平洋上层异常海温场。前者是导致La Nia事件的必要条件,后者则是形成此次中部型La Nia事件的关键过程。由分析结果还表明,日界线以东赤道太平洋纬向风变化对中西太平洋上层海温场变化有重要影响,是导致此次中部型事件爆发的重要机制。文章进一步分析了此次中部型La Nia事件过程中热带垂直环流的变化,结果表明经向和纬向大气环流都表现出明显的异常。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献