where k (M− 2 s− 1) can be determined from the
in the pH range 2 to 5, from 5 to 40 °C and 0.01 to 1 M.The effect of pH and ionic strength on the reaction suggest that the rates are due to
where H2A = H2CrO4, HA = HCrO4, H2B = H2SO3 and HB = HSO3. The overall rate expression over the investigated pH range can be determined from
k=kH2A–H2B(αH2A)(αH2B)2+kHA–H2B(αHA)(αH2B)2+kH2A–HB(αH2A)(αHB)2
with kH2A−H2B = 5.0 × 107, kHA–H2B = 1.5 × 106 and kH2A–HB = 6.7 × 107.Fe(III) in the range 1.5 to 20 μM exerts a small catalytic effect on the reaction and significantly lowers the initial concentration of Cr(VI) compared to the nominal value. Contrary to Fe(III), formaldehyde (20 to 200 μM) reacts with S(IV) to form the hydroxymethanesulfonate adduct (CH2OHSO3), which does not react with Cr(VI). Major cations Mg2+ and some minor elements such as Ba2+ and Cu2+ did not affect the rates. The application of this rate law to environmental conditions suggest that this reaction may have a role in acidic solutions (aerosols and fog droplets). This reaction becomes more important in the presence of high Fe(III) and low HMS concentrations, contributing to affect the atmospheric transport of chromium species and the distribution of redox species of chromium, which reach surface water from atmospheric depositions.  相似文献   

13.
Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)     
D. Eggleston 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):522-523
Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.  相似文献   

14.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(4):337-358
Abstract. The distribution of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied at four sites in the North Adriatic Sea: 1) a tidal flat in the lagoon of Grado, 2) a tidal flat at Lido di Staranzano near the mouth of the Isonzo, 3) a mud flat seawards of a salt marsh in a protected bay north of Rovinj, and 4) a sublittoral station in 6m depth near Aurisina. Information on grain size distribution, organic content, amount of debris, redox profiles and pH of sediment as well as temperature and salinity is given. Density, as determined by hole counts and a hole: burrow relationship derived from resin casting, generally increased with increasing water depth in the intertidal. The upper limits ranged between +10cm (Rovinj) and -20cm (Grado); densities between mean water and low water level varied strongly due to microtopography and macrophyte cover. Maximum densities in the intertidal ranged from 189 (Grado) to 2420 (Rovinj, juveniles) animals m2. Shrimp density at the sublittoral station ranged between 80 and 230 m"2. The zonation of the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae with respect to environmental parameters is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Pleistocene Ross seal (ommatophoca Rossi) from New Zealand (note)     
Judith E. King 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):391-397
A fossil seal jaw from the Early Pleistocene (Wanganui Series; Hautawan Stage) of Napier, New Zealand, is identified as that of an Ommatophoca rossi juvenile of less than 1.8 m body length.  相似文献   

16.
The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea)     
Peter C.  Dworschak 《Marine Ecology》1988,9(1):51-77
Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. The life span of U, pusilla is over 5 years. Ovigerous females occurred between March and September. Egg numbers were high in spring, lower in summer and increased with body size. The incubation time of embryos was 35 days; a female produces an estimated number of three egg batches during the breeding season. A total annual production of 994 kJ was estimated for a theoretical population of 100 animals; 13.5 % is spent for somatic growth, 31 % for egg production of females, and 55.2% is lost as exuviae. The population structures, growth and breeding patterns, as well as embryonic and larval development within the Upogebiidae and Callianassidae are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
18.
19.
波令-阿勒罗德间冰期时期西南印度夏季季风降雨的变化性     
Ashish Sinha  徐明芝 《海洋地质前沿》2006,22(5):15-17
北方春季时期印度次大陆和西藏高原的差异性增热吸引了印度洋的潮湿空气穿越印度大陆,产生了世界上最显著的西南印度夏季季风(ISM)体系(Webster,1987)。世界上大约25%的人口受到这种季节降雨的影响。20世纪60年代末期,印度约150万人死于连续3年的季风失常(重大灾害数据库,2005)  相似文献   

20.
Arnoglossus boops (hector): A synonym of a. scapha (schneider) (pisces: Heterosomata: Bothidae)     
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):693-697
The unique holotype of Arnoglossus boops Hector is compared with specimens of Arnoglossus scapha (Schneider). It is concluded that the two species are identical, and that A. boops is therefore a junior synonym of A. scapha.  相似文献   

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1.
1长额虾总科简介长额虾总科 (Pandaloidea)属节肢动物门甲壳动物软甲亚纲十足目腹胚亚目真虾次目 ,包括长额虾科(Pandalidae)和小海虾科(Thalassocarididae)两个科。该类群动物体多侧扁 ;头胸部比例较对虾总科者大 ,头胸甲发达 ,完全包被头胸部各体节 ;额角发达而长 ,某些种类额角极长 ;第一触角多具柄刺 ,第二触角鳞片发达 ;眼有柄 ;大颚具臼齿和门齿 ,大颚须通常3节 ;胸部附肢特化为颚足与步足 ,其中颚足3对 ,步足5对 ,第二颚足具7节 ,末节侧面附在第六节上 ,第三颚足具有或不具有外肢 ,第…  相似文献   

2.
本文描述了栖息在安徽省合肥市四里河附近淡水鱼苗培育池中的介甲目蚌壳虫科蚌壳虫属的一个新种—中华蚌壳虫Cyzicus sinensis Hu,1987 sp.nov.该新种是蚌壳虫属在中国的首次发现。列表比较了本新种与近似种尼泊尔蚌壳虫Cyzicus nepalensis Ueno,1967的主要形态区别特征:新种壳周缘具短毛;第1触角有感觉乳突15个(雄)及19个(雌);第2触角内、外胶有15—16节;雄性有19个体节具背棘刺,雌性则有17个体节;雄虫执握肢第4内叶内缘中部凹陷较浅,无突起;雌虫携卵肢鳃叶呈小椭圆形;雄虫尾节背缘生小齿29个,雌虫则有32个;雄虫尾爪具羽状刚毛17条,小齿38个,而雌虫则分别有9条及94个,尾爪背面中部有1个长棘。附新种与近似种的形态图20幅。模式标本保存在青岛海洋大学水产学院水产动物标本室。  相似文献   

3.
西南印度洋深海热液区铠甲虾初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简述了深海热液区铠甲虾的分类研究现状,整理出铠甲虾总科下属科的形态分类检索表,并对2008年10月-2009年2月中国大洋科考第20航次在西南印度洋深海热液区获得的铠甲虾样品进行详细的形态描述和分类,初步鉴定为5种,隶属于2科5属,分别是:劣柱虾科(Chirostylidae)的折尾虾(Uroptychus sp.),...  相似文献   

4.
氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)雄虾有四种不同形态:小雄虾(SM)、橙色螯(OC)、蓝色螯(BC)和老蓝色螯(OBC)雄虾;雌虾分为四种:性腺未发育(IF)、性腺成熟(MOF)、抱卵(BF)和已产幼体(SF)的雌虾。已有研究表明不同形态的雌雄虾的体重存在显著差异,为了探讨是否可以对罗氏沼虾不同形态雌雄虾所占比例开展选择来间接提高产量,首次对上述性状的遗传参数及其与收获体重的遗传相关进行了评估。记录了罗氏沼虾核心育种群体两代共计40 935尾个体的形态和体重信息,使用父母本育种分析模型和阈值统计模型估计不同形态二分类(0和1)阈值性状在世代间和世代内的遗传参数,并使用两性状模型估计其与体重性状的遗传相关。方差组分估计结果表明,雄、雌虾不同形态阈值性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.08~0.12和0.04~0.22。雄虾形态OC、BC阈值性状与收获体重间为低度正相关(0.01~0.43)。雌虾形态IF、BF、SF阈值性状和收获体重性状之间为中等程度相关(–0.61~0.53)。在我国土塘养殖模式下,罗氏沼虾雌雄个体不同形态阈值性状存在可利用的加性遗传变异,具有较大的改良空间;选择OC形态雄虾并增加其在育种群体中比例,并不会降低其生长速度;选择IF形态雌虾并增加其在育种群体中的比例,可能会降低其生长速度。  相似文献   

5.
选取日本沼虾5月龄同生群雌、雄虾各90尾,分别测量其体重、体长、头胸甲长、胸宽、胸高、腹节长、腹节宽、腹节高、尾节长、尾节宽、尾节高、眼窝距、额剑长等13个表型性状,并采用相关分析、通径分析和偏回归分析等方法定量研究了雌、雄个体形态性状对体重的影响效应。结果表明:(11雌、雄测定群体各形态性状测量值间均存在显著的性别差...  相似文献   

6.
中国首次南大洋调查,于1984年12月-1985年2月在南极半岛西北部海域(61°11.′1-66°49.′3S,55°06.′2-69°19.′7W)调查范围内的24个测站进行了底栖生物取样,获得大量标本,其中有端足甲壳动物145 号。此外,王荣和陆保仁两位先生在该调查区潮间带还采集了部分标本,共计150余号。经整理鉴定为两亚目,19科,44属,59种,其中有3新属,22新种,11种为南极半岛水域首次发现。本文为分类研究报告。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。 从所得材料及种类鉴定结果可见,南极半岛附近水域端足类区系相当丰富,具有明显的高纬度海域的特点。本文报告的59种端足类中,大多数为南极种或南极-亚南极种,多见于南极半岛至南乔治亚岛附近海域,有个别种如中掌爪钩虾Cheirimedon crenatipalmatus Stebbing,向北可分布到印度洋[凯尔盖朗岛(Kerguelen I.)];另有少数种为两极分布种,如广布双眼钩虾Ampelisca eschrichtii Kroyer、大头双眼钩虾Ampelisca macrocephala Liljeborg及巨型角钩虾Paraceradocus miersii(Pfeffer)等。本调查区为低温海域,多数种生命周期较长,生长慢,成熟晚,但个体较大。 在24个取样站中,每站都采到端足类,有3站采到10种以上,其中62°51′6S, 58°07′5W 站有13种,优势种为镰形叶钩虾Jassa falcatus和宽额胖钩虾Urothoe latifrons Ren, sp. n.; 62°07′.5S, 57°57′.0W 站也有13种,优势种为斧板单钩虾Hoploops scutiger和大齿突钩虾Epineria macrodonta。另有8站各采到5-10种,其余13站各出现在5种以内。从栖息的密度来看,有的种密度相当大,生物量也高,如61°11′lS, 56°23′3W 站的斧板单钩虾为36个/m2; 62°33′.1S,58°28′.6W 站的广布双眼钩虾为24个/m2 ;而62°19′.4S,58°43′.4W 站的宽额胖钩虾可达50个/m2。 在调查区内,有的种分布较广泛,如巴氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca barnardi Nicholls、全齿美钩虾 Eusirus perdentatus Chevreux、镰形叶钩虾、大齿丽钩虾 Liljeborgia macrodon Schellenberg 及宽额胖钩虾等都出现于5个站;但有的种如布氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca bouvieri Chevreux 、大头双眼钩虾、南极美钩虾 Eusirus antarcticus Thomson 等仅出现于1站。在栖息水深方面,绝大多数端足类栖息于100-650m深度。裂尾近长足钩虾 Paradexamine fissicauta Chevreux、丘斑钩虾 Eurymea monticulosa Pfeffer 、南极隐须钩虾 Gondogeneia antarctica (Chevreux)、乔治隐须钩虾Gondogeneia Georgiana (Pfeffer)、巨型角钩虾等6种出现于潮间带。南极双眼钩虾 Ampelisca antarctica Ren, sp. n. 栖息于水深1098m,而窄叶大壶钩虾 Megamphopus angustilobatus Ren,sp. n. 与宽额猛钩虾 Harpinia latifrons Ren,sp. n.等种则栖于深水区,深度达180-1098m。很多种还与一定底质有关,如小型种宽额胖钩虾和尖角镰钩虾Harpiniopsis aciculum Ren,sp. n. 等多栖息于泥质底,而有的种如巴氏双眼钩虾与大齿丽钩虾等则出现于砂质底,镰形叶钩虾等栖息的底质较为广泛。  相似文献   

7.
亮钩虾属Genus Photis属于蜾蠃蜚科Corophiidae甲壳动物端足目(Crustacea:Amphipoda),全世界有近60种。本属为世界性分布,世界各大洋都有记载。 作者在系统整理和研究南海端足目标本中发现南海亮钩虾4种,其中有1新种,1种为中国沿海的首次纪录。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。  相似文献   

8.
作者在鉴定1994年采自大连(北黄海)浅水和广东大亚湾的端足类(Amphipoda)标本中,发现了蜾蠃蜚科(Family Corophiidae)的一新属,即拟亮钩虾属 Genus Paraphotis,报告如下。新属、新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所。  相似文献   

9.
2009年4~7月,对移入日本对虾养殖池的钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落进行了研究.共调查到2种钩虾,3种蜾蠃蜚.钩虾的优势种为中华原钩虾;蜾蠃蜚的优势种具有明显的交替性,放养后前53 d,优势种为大蜾蠃蜚,78 d后,优势种为隐居蜾羸蜚.钩虾群落的物种多样性(H')与均匀度(J)在放养当天达到最高,放养后第67天出现差异显著;蜾蠃蜚群落的物种多样性(H')与均匀度(J)在放养后第64天最高,第90天出现差异显著.钩虾的生物量和丰度放养后第30天达到最大值,随后快速下降;蜾蠃蜚的生物量和丰度放养后第14天达到最大值,其丰度在第64天达到第二个高峰.同时,钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落不同体长个体的丰度百分比差异明显,表现出一定的周期性变化规律.由此,初步分析了引起群落变化的两类原因,提出了钩虾和蜾蠃蜚群落结构的调控方案.  相似文献   

10.
本文报道了1985年8月~1986年7月长江口脊尾白虾体长分布和生殖习性,并应用ELEFANⅠ和ELEFANⅡ技术分析了每月的体长组成资料,分别估算了雌、雄虾和混合标本的生长参数、自然死亡系数、总死亡系数、利用率及补充类型等渔业资源特征。提出了长江D脊尾白虾的繁殖时间和所对应的体长范围及温、盐度条件。讨论了各渔业资源参数的适用性及补充类型与繁殖习性的关系。  相似文献   

11.
Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.  相似文献   

12.
The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔHapp of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression
−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]2
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