共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a water jet impacting a new aeronautical material Ti555-03 plate.The Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) behavior of the jet is investigated using a FV(Finite Volume) method.The Fluid–Structure Interaction(FSI) is studied using a coupled SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)-FE(Finite Element) method. The jets hit the metal sheet with an initial velocity 500 m/s. Two configurations which differ from each other by the position(angle of inclination) of the plate relatively to the axis of revolution of the jet inlet are investigated in this study. The objective of this study is to predict the impact of the fluid produced at high pressure and high speed especially at the first moment of impact. Numerical simulations are carried out under ABAQUS. We have shown in this study that the inclination of the titanium alloy plate by 45° stimulates the phenomenon of recirculation of water. This affects the velocity profile, turbulence and boundary layers in the impact zone. The stagnation zone and the phenomenon of water recirculation are strongly influenced by the slope of the plate which gives a pressure gradient and displacement very important between the two configurations. Fluctuations of physical variables(displacement and pressure) prove the need for a noise and vibratory study. These predictions will subsequently be used for the modeling of the problem of an orthogonal cut in a high-speed machining process assisted by high-pressure water jet. 相似文献
2.
文章基于自制的组合式环形水槽（周长9.7 m、宽0.45 m、深1.0 m）,分别以阿曼原油及其消油剂混合物和淡水（含示踪剂）为模拟污染物,开展水下溢油的物理模拟实验,以浮射流输移轨迹、污染物扩散范围和油滴粒径分布为考察指标,研究横流环境和消油剂的使用对水下溢油输移扩散的影响。实验结果表明:在横流环境中,浮射流输移轨迹开始弯曲的高度随着流速的增加而降低;与淡水浮射流主要在水中输移扩散的情况不同,当污染物为原油时,大粒径油滴脱离浮射流主体并上浮至水面,导致扩散范围更大;消油剂的添加会使原油浮射流内部油滴的体积中值粒径变小,油滴粒径分布曲线向小尺寸方向偏移。实验结果可为后续的物理模拟实验和数值模拟研究提供参考。 相似文献
3.
J. H. Crothers 《Marine environmental research》1983,8(4):215-239
In experiments on the Somerset coast, Forties crude oil and BP 1100WD dispersant were sprayed on to small areas of the rocky shore over a period of several days to stimulate conditions following an oil spill. Detailed observations were made at monthly intervals of marked 0.1 m2 quadrats within (and without) the treated areas. Some areas received oil only, others dispersant only, and the third set received oil followed by dispersant.The experiments were in two parts, the one to simulate a July incident and the other a January incident.Limpets and the small winkles living in and between empty barnacle shells were the most obviously affected organisms. The sites that received both oil and dispersant were most seriously upset, but the oil areas came next. The effect of BP 1100WD on its own as applied in this experiment was relatively slight. 相似文献
4.
G. M. Purdy 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1986,8(1):75-91
A trial experiment proves the power and practicality of using both sources and receivers near the ocean floor to make precise
measurements of deep (∼6000 m) ocean sediment velocity structure. A digitally recording ocean bottom hydrophone receiver operating
at a sampling rate of 1800 Hz recorded clear arrivals with bubble pulse frequencies of ∼500 Hz from 41b. explosive charges
detonated at depths of 5500m along a 4 km long wide angle reflection profile. It is shown that corrections for changes in
source depth may be computed without approximation and without prior knowledge of the velocity structure. The experiment was
located at longitude 56° W in the trough of the Kane Fracture Zone. The velocity structure of the 1 km thick sedimentary section
reveals a 310 m thickness of 3 km s−1 material overlying igneous basement. 相似文献
5.
B. A. McKeown 《Marine environmental research》1981,5(4):295-300
The toxicity of crude oil and the dispersant BP1100X was tested in sea water and in each case was much less than the toxicity to fish in fresh water. Uptake of oil from water, with or without dispersant, was similar after a short exposure to 200 ppm. The oil was cleared from the fish in three weeks. A long-term exposure to oil or oil plus dispersant at a concentration of 5 ppm showed a slow accumulation but significantly above exposure levels. Thus, salmon exposed to oil in sea water can take up the hydrocarbons but appear to cleanse themselves rapidly. 相似文献
6.
Wei-Haur Lam Gerard Hamill Desmond Robinson Srinivasan Raghunathan 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(14-15):1380-1388
The present paper was aimed at presenting the time-averaged velocity and turbulence intensity at the initial plane from a ship's propeller. The flow characteristics of a ship's propeller jet are of particular interest for the researchers investigating the jet induced seabed damage as documented in the previous studies. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) measurements show that the axial component of velocity is the main contributor to the velocity magnitude at the initial plane of a ship's propeller jet. The tangential component contributes to the rotation while the radial component which contributes to the diffusion, are the second and third largest contributors to the velocity magnitude. The maximum tangential and radial velocity components at the initial plane are approximately 82% and 14% of the maximum axial velocity component, respectively. The axial velocity distribution at the initial plane shows two peaked ridges with a low velocity core at the rotation axis. The turbulence intensity distribution shows a three-peaked profile at the initial plane. 相似文献
7.
Ignazio Maria Viola 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(12-13):974-984
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code was applied to an America's Cup Class Yacht to investigate sailing performance in a downwind configuration. Apparent wind angles at 45°, 105° and 120° are reported, sailed with mainsail and asymmetrical spinnakers. Numerical results are in good agreement with wind tunnel data. A large mesh investigation was performed, ranging from 60,000 elements up to 37 million elements, which shows a converging trend to the experimental values with differences smaller than 3% in both lift and drag. The most commonly used turbulence models in sail applications were tested and the results are presented here in two meshes with 1 million elements and 6.5 millions, respectively. All turbulence models over-estimate forces more than solving the Navier–Stokes system without any additional equations, hence turbulence models do not increase solution accuracy according to these results. 相似文献
8.
海上溢油事件发生后需要及时判断溢油种类,为溢油事故处置提供及时有效的应对措施。本文利用BRDF多角度测量装置和可见光偏振相机对不同油种和清洁海水进行观测,基于可见光偏振特征筛选出最佳观测Stokes参量和对应观测几何,构建了清洁海水和不同油种数据集,并建立了基于BRDF偏振特征的DBN溢油油种识别模型。研究发现,在实验室可控条件下,相对方位角–60°、0°、–30°组合时油种识别效果较好,光源天顶角和相机观测角二者在接近±50°时识别效果较好;多次重复实验显示,海水、原油、重油、汽油、柴油、棕榈油的最优识别率分别为90%、86.27%、84%、80.44%、82.08%和82%;基于可见光偏振特征所建立的油种识别模型,对于海面溢油种类区分具有较好的效果。 相似文献
9.
The supralittoral zone of an open sandy beach was dosed with crude oil and changes in the meiofauna monitored. Treatments included weathered and fresh oil on the surface, fresh oil mixed with dispersant on the surface and weathered oil at the water table, all in layers 0·8 cm thick. In all cases the meiofauna was reduced 1 month after dosing but numbers had returned to normal by 5 months except in the site dosed with fresh oil mixed with dispersant. Oil on the surface had greater effects than oil at the water table; fresh oil had a greater effect than weathered oil and fresh oil with dispersant was more toxic than fresh oil alone. Nematodes were least sensitive to the oil and oligochaetes more sensitive, their numbers being correlated with oil concentrations and depth in the substrate. It is concluded that, under all but the heaviest conditions of pollution in their environment, recovery from oil contamination should occur within 5 months in the meiofauna. 相似文献
10.
为深入研究井喷和管道破损等海底事故后溢油在水下环境中的输移扩散过程，文章利用自制的组合式环形水槽（周长9.7 m、宽0.45 m、深1 m），以阿曼原油与消油剂混合物和淡水（含示踪剂）为模拟污染物，初步开展静水和动水环境中海底溢油浮射流的物理模拟实验，并应用基于拉格朗日积分方法的水下溢油浮射流模型进行数值模拟比较分析。研究结果表明:静水环境中，水下溢油浮射流主要沿喷口的垂直中心线向水面输移扩散；非均匀流动水环境中，横流速度越大，浮射流输移轨迹的弯曲程度越明显；数值模拟的浮射流轨迹总体上与实验观测结果符合较好；研究结果可为今后相关物理实验和数值模型的改进研究提供有益参考。 相似文献
11.
Manish Pandey P. K. Sharma Z. Ahmad Umesh Kumar Singh Nilav Karna 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(6):663-676
The experimental results of time average velocity components measured around circular pier models during transient scour stage using acoustic Doppler velocimeter are shown for flow pattern and turbulence characteristics. Totally, four experiments were performed under clear water scour conditions in a model of gravel bed stream. Four circular pier models of diameter 6.6, 8.4, 11.5, and 13.5?cm were used for this study. Detailed controlled measurements on velocity components, and turbulence intensities near the pier and in scour hole at 0° and 180° plane are shown. Flow structure around a pier model in the presence of a scoured region was compared with the flow structure similarly noticed around all pier model runs by utilizing the observations taken at 0° and 180° plane from flow axis. Size of the primary vortex at 0° plane with largest diameter pier model in place (R4 run) is found to be maximum and was approximately 61% larger than that for smallest diameter pier model in place (R1 run). The time-averaged velocity components of turbulence intensities plots at 0° and 180° planes are also presented around each pier. 相似文献
12.
Yu. P. Soloviev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(3):315-328
Results of measurements of the atmospheric turbulence in the layer between 1.5 and 21 m above sea level and the drag coefficient of the sea surface as the wind blows from a 4-km-long mountainous slope with a mean inclination of 11° are presented. The measurements of wind-speed profiles and its fluctuations at several levels, waves, and the main meteorological parameters were carried out in autumn 2005 and 2008 from a stationary platform located in the Black Sea at a distance of approximately 1 km from the southern coast of Crimea. It is shown that during weak synoptic wind a low-level wind jet develops at night over the sea with a maximum velocity up to 5–6 m/s at a level of approximately 6 m over the sea induced by the katabatic wind over the coastal slope. According to the approximate estimates, the horizontal scale of the low-level jet can reach a few tens of kilometers. This flow is characterized by the dissipation rate of the turbulence energy independent of height and low-frequency velocity fluctuations related to the gravity waves and advection of turbulence from the coast. It is shown that the lower part of the boundary layer (up to a height of 3 m) is adjusted to the sea-surface roughness. The dependencies of the drag coefficient on the wind speed or wave age are steadier than in the data for the open sea. However, the age of the waves is not a universal parameter at long and short fetches. 相似文献
13.
14.
Two pure cultures of diatoms, a Nitzschia sp. and a Chaetoceros sp., were grown at 0°C or 10°C in the presence of two crude oils and two fuel oils. The petroleum samples were absorbed onto filter paper discs and added directly to the algal cultures. In all cases the organisms were much more sensitive to the crude oils or fuel oils when growing at 0°C than at 10°C. The rate of photosynthesis measured by an oxygen electrode for Nitzschia sp. grown and tested at 0°C was not affected during 3 hours' incubation with some four times the amount of a crude oil or fuel oil that blocked growth. The experiments lead to the cautious suggestion that psychrophilic algae will prove some fivefold more sensitive than mesophilic algae to petroleum pollution. 相似文献
15.
化学消油剂的使用已成为国内外海洋溢油事故应急处理的重要措施之一。本文分别从光明化学消油剂GM-8的用量、油水比及环境pH等方面,对正十四烷及原油乳化效果进行分析。结果表明, GM-8对正十四烷及原油的乳化效果较好,当化学消油剂的用量为原油的5%时,正十四烷及原油的乳化指数较高。在消油剂与原油用量比为一定值时,原油的乳化效果与海水的量几乎没有关系。环境pH对GM-8乳化原油的影响不大,乳化后的原油可以在海洋环境中稳定7 d以上。GM-8对原油的微生物降解有一定的增强作用。N/P、环境的pH以及微生物的接种量等均对乳化原油的生物降解有较大的影响。当微生物的接种量由培养基的1%增加到10%时,乳化原油的微生物降解率增加了一倍以上,达到91.6%。 相似文献
16.
A series of experimental tests of passive VIV suppression of an inclined flexible cylinder with round-sectioned helical strakes were carried out in a towing tank. During the tests, the cylinder models fitted with and without helical strakes were towed along the tank. The towing velocity ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 m/s with an interval of 0.05 m/s.Four different yaw angles(a=0°, 15°, 30° and 45°), defined as the angle between the axis of the cylinder and the plane orthogonal of the oncoming flow, were selected in the experiment. The main purpose of present experimental work is to further investigate the VIV suppression effectiveness of round-sectioned helical strakes on the inclined flexible cylinder. The VIV responses of the smooth cylinder and the cylinder with square-sectioned strakes under the same experimental condition were also presented for comparison. The experimental results indicated that the roundsectioned strake basically had a similar effect on VIV suppression compared with the square-sectioned one, and both can significantly reduce the VIV of the vertical cylinder which corresponded to the case of a=0°. But with the increase of yaw angle, the VIV suppression effectiveness of both round-and square-section strakes deteriorated dramatically, the staked cylinder even had a much stronger vibration than the smooth one did in the in-line(IL)direction. 相似文献
17.
潮流的流速分布和湍流切应力的分布密切相关。为了研究潮流湍流切应力的特征和变化规律,本文从潮流运动方程推导出随潮流呈周期性变化的湍流切应力随深度的分布表达式。从江苏近海现场实测流速剖面中计算得到一个潮周期内的湍流切应力的变化过程。通过将实测值与本文理论解的比较发现,计算值能很好地反映出实测值的变化特征,尤其是能正确地反映潮流在加速和减速过程中,湍流切应力偏离线性分布呈现上凹和下凹的现象,以及只有在加减速转换的时候切应力才呈现线性分布的特点。最后,通过分析湍流切应力振幅及相位沿水深的变化情况,认为反映潮流周期、涡粘性和水深之间关系的参数Ri是决定湍流切应力弯曲程度及分布形态的重要参数。对于近海潮流,水深是影响湍流切应力偏离线性程度的主要因素。 相似文献
18.
This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier?Stokes Equations (RANSE) for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a body-fixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models (TCMs), the RNG model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×106 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull. 相似文献
19.
抛弃式探头由无人机装载,能够在较远目标区域和危险海域开展海洋水文环境剖面参数的测量。通过安装不同传感器,可以实现对温度、盐度的剖面测量,其深度的测量采用数学方法计算得到。针对双摄像机水箱实验获得的5个不同攻角实验结果,分析了常用的运动目标的检测方法,最终选择基于连续帧间差分法,确定探头的三维坐标位置,进而得到探头下沉运动的三维运动轨迹和速度曲线等信息。探头从水面释放后攻角在下沉过程中不断调整,改变运动姿态,同时伴随自身的旋转,抵消水平方向阻力作用,初始攻角产生的深度测量误差主要体现在加速过程,探头达到匀速运动后测量误差不变,在不考虑横流的情况下,探头最后以匀速垂直下落运动。 相似文献
20.
基于UDF的水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转水动力性能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转问题,基于Fluent 17.0,运用UDF(User Defined Function)控制滑移网格对网格进行动态调整,仿真研究水轮机在不同安放角下被动旋转的水动力特性。通过仿真分析,结果表明:潮流能水轮机随着叶片安放角度的增加,尖速比、输出功率、捕能系数都是先增大后减小,叶片安放角为6°时,叶轮前后速度差最大,对潮流能利用充分,且各项性能均达到最佳;通过分析叶片受力,叶尖叶素在安放角为2°时阻力最大,3°时升力最大,升阻比在6°时最大,此时叶尖叶素升阻比C_L/C_D=6.27、攻角α=3.06°。由仿真结果可知水平轴潮流能叶轮的自启动过程由5个阶段组成,即加速度增大的加速运动段—加速度减小的加速运动段—加速度反向增大的减速运动段—加速度反向减小的减速运动段—稳定运行段,这对潮流能水轮机的设计具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献