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广西北海银滩侵蚀及其与海平面上升的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于历史图件对比方法和Bruun法则对广西北海银滩岸线的侵蚀进行评估和预测.结果表明银滩在近30a内海岸侵蚀达10.40 m/a,其中人类活动作用是造成海岸侵蚀的主要因素,人类活动对岸线位置蚀退的影响贡献为98%;海平面上升导致岸线蚀退的贡献仅为2%.然而,在未来100 a内,基于历史图件对比分析估算的银滩侵蚀宽度可能超过1 000 m,银滩环境将会发生退化.因海平面上升而对岸线蚀退的贡献权重增加为9%.由于人类活动导致的银滩退化可以进行控制和预防,故对未来海平面上升引发的银滩环境退化应该予以重点关注. 相似文献
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基于海洋站潮位观测和中国沿海海平面变化影响调查等数据,分析了辽东湾沿岸海平面变化及海岸侵蚀状况,并定量评估了未来海平面上升情景下,辽东湾两岸典型沙质海岸侵蚀影响和沙滩养护投入。分析预测和评估结果表明:1980-2017年,辽东湾沿海海平面上升速率为3.0 mm/a,其中辽东湾东岸沿海海平面上升速率明显高于西岸。2009-2017年,辽宁营口白沙湾、绥中网户、绥中南山港和绥中团山气象观测场岸段后退和下蚀较为严重,部分岸段滩肩蚀退达2～3 m/a。预计2100年,辽东湾沿海海平面上升幅度在20～48 cm之间,由海平面上升引发的辽东湾海岸侵蚀土地损失为23.1 km2,土地经济损失为1410万元。为减缓海岸侵蚀,旅游沙滩和一般沙滩养护总投入分别为11亿元和46亿元,全岸段养护成本较高,应选取旅游沙滩等重点岸段进行养护。 相似文献
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根据 Bruun法则 ,通过大量的试验证明了路易斯安娜障壁岛海平面的上升是其海岸快速侵蚀的一个重要原因 ,说明正在发生侵蚀的路易丝安娜障壁岛的滨面砂粒级沉积物所占比例较低。在 1 9世纪 80年代、2 0世纪 3 0年代和 80年代利用探测技术探测了密西西比河三角洲沿西部海岸线 1 50 m的海岸剖面。应用 RMS标准观察平衡剖面是否一直在测试的年代中保持不变。只有大约一半的测试剖面符合平衡面标准 ,表明 Bruun法则应用范围有一定的局限性。在研究范围内的 3 7个点中 ,利用符合平衡面标准的剖面和测得的相对海平面上升数据来测量海岸线后退速率… 相似文献
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秦皇岛地区海岸侵蚀与淤积因素分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
近些年来，秦皇岛地区海岸侵蚀已成为一种严重的地质灾害。通过分析计算，本区地壳上升的速度量级很小，不会对海岸的侵刨造成显著的影响。海平面的升高，使区内一些稳定区及下降区的海岸侵蚀加强。尽管秦皇岛所处的渤海周围有许多特别是象黄河这样的高泥沙含量的河流，但其大部分泥沙只分布在沿岸地带。 相似文献
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近几十年来太平洋热带岛屿海岸侵蚀的加剧是由人类活动造成的，这包括不适宜的海岸工程以及在海滩、礁坪和泻湖边缘开采集料（Aggregate)(沙、砂石、礁石）。侵蚀治理工作中的问题有：投入的调查研究力量不足；一些官员对全球海平面上升的影响估计过大；海岸工程和开采集料没有或缺乏环境影响评价；着眼于眼前经济利益的行为以及没有从侵蚀的原因着手进行根本性的治理。只是到了最近几年海岸侵蚀问题才越来越受到各岛国政府的重视，一个重要原因是旅游业的发展与海岸自然景观的保护密切相关。 相似文献
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在全球气候变化下,海平面上升、台风和风暴潮频率增加以及强度增大等问题致使世界沿海地区海岸侵蚀加剧,我国的海岸人口、资源与环境亦面临严峻挑战。文章应用适应性和适应性管理理论,通过分析中国海岸侵蚀的影响因素、时空演变和侵蚀机制的复杂性和不确定性,由此研究海岸侵蚀的适应性类型,尝试提出"现场观测—数据库建立—综合评价—概念模型—措施制定"的海岸侵蚀灾害适应性管理模式流程,并探讨了4点具体管理措施:1完善海岸侵蚀基础信息数据库,建立侵蚀海岸监测预报预警系统;2实施相关部门会商制度;3评估和正确引导海岸人类活动;4构建公共参与长效机制。 相似文献
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海岸侵蚀和海岸线管理的初步研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
在我国30 000km多的海岸线上海岸侵蚀后退问题相当普遍，海岸的后退侵蚀给沿海地区造成了严重的危害，近处来随着海平面上升及河流径流量减少引起入海泥沙量减少，海岸侵蚀有不断加剧的趋势，海岸线管理就是针对海岸锓蚀而提出来的一项管理政策。本文在对中国海岸侵蚀原因分析的基础上，结合国外成功的岸线管理经验提出了关于海岸线侵蚀管理中的若干概念、海岸线管理的技术和理论支持以及海岸带立法和海岸线管理程序。 相似文献
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海平面变化及其海岸响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
第四纪气温的大幅度冷暖变化，导致全球海平面的变化，引起陆架海侵扣海退。海岸上的各种地貌如海滩、沙坝、三角洲扣陆架沙脊等响应海平面升降而发生新的演化扣变异。东海陆架古岸线、围绕古岸线发育的陆架沙脊、陆架深切河谷扣河谷充填沉积以及冰后期海进型扣海退型沙坝的形成乖演化等沉积事件都是响应海平面升降的结果。近百年来特别是近30年全球海平面普遍上升，引起风暴潮的频度扣幅度的增大。近岸波能增强，越滩浪增多，导致海滩侵蚀，岸线后退。Bruun法则扣其他一些模型能够说明海滩随海平面上升而蚀退的规律，但在预测速率时仍存在很多问题。使用时应注意海平面变化的区域性、海滩发育的滞后性和海滩蚀退因素间的权重关系。 相似文献
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I. O. Leont’yev 《Oceanology》2008,48(3):428-437
A method for predicting the coast evolution based on the calculated estimates of the components of the sediment budget is discussed. The approaches outlined in a series of previous publications of the author [9, 10, 11] are further developed. The prerequisites and concepts used as the basis of the suggested method for forecasting are characterized. The sediment budget parameters under typical conditions are presented. The contributions of natural processes and the anthropogenic impact are compared. Different approaches for calculating the principal sediment budget components, including the cross-shore flux through the lower boundary of the coastal zone, the eolian flux of sand material through the upper limit of the coastal zone, and the alongshore sediment flux gradients, are considered. The examples of forecasting the development of coasts in the Baltic and Kara seas and the Sea of Okhotsk are given for the period from 100 to 500 years. The results obtained show that, in the case of a balanced budget of the sediments, the future behavior of the coast would be mainly governed by the variations in the sea level. This factor is capable of determining the changes in the coastline, whose recession and advancing would depend on the rate of the sea level rise. Under specific conditions, an enhanced sea level rise can trigger destructive processes (for example, the erosion of a coastal bar or the thermal abrasion of a cliff). In the case of a strong imbalance in the sediment budget, sea-level changes play a subordinate role. 相似文献
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Accelerated relative sea-level rise and rapid coastal erosion:: testing a causal relationship for the Louisiana barrier islands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeffrey H. List Asbury H. Sallenger Jr. Mark E. Hansen Bruce E. Jaffe 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):347-365
The role of relative sea-level rise as a cause for the rapid erosion of Louisiana's barrier island coast is investigated through a numerical implementation of a modified Bruun rule that accounts for the low percentage of sand-sized sediment in the eroding Louisiana shoreface. Shore-normal profiles from 150 km of coastline west of the Mississippi delta are derived from bathymetric surveys conducted during the 1880s, 1930s and 1980s. An RMS difference criterion is employed to test whether an equilibrium profile form is maintained between survey years. Only about half the studied profiles meet the equilibrium criterion; this represents a significant limitation on the potential applicability of the Bruun rule. The profiles meeting the equilibrium criterion, along with measured rates of relative sea-level rise, are used to hindcast shoreline retreat rates at 37 locations within the study area. Modeled and observed shoreline retreat rates show no significant correlation. Thus, in terms of the Bruun approach, relative sea-level rise has no power for hindcasting (and presumably forecasting) rates of coastal erosion for the Louisiana barrier islands. 相似文献
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浙江海岸侵蚀现象普遍存在。基岩海岸海蚀地貌发育,因其组成物质抗冲蚀能力强,岸线后退不明显;砂砾质海岸普遍发生侵蚀,尤其是无计划的人工挖沙,造成沙滩减小或消失;淤泥质海岸大多处于缓慢的淤涨状态,但由于自然条件的改变和人为作用的影响,某些岸段发生侵蚀,特别是受到台风暴潮的影响,岸线在短时间内出现大规模后退和滩面下蚀。侵蚀岸段主要见于杭州湾北岸澉浦至金丝娘桥岸段,杭州湾南岸临山至西三岸段及瓯江口北岸盘石至黄华岸段。淤泥质海岸后缘为滨海平原,组成物质为粘土质粉砂,抗冲蚀能力弱,为防止和减轻海岸侵蚀,沿岸建造各类海岸工程(海塘、丁坝、导堤等),提高防潮抗浪能力,在朝滩种植大米草,互花米草,消浪促淤明显。另外,在海岸开发活动中,应加强海岸侵蚀监测和综合管理。 相似文献
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Miao Fengmin Bi Zhaoqi Li Shuyuan Xiao Yuzhong Cong Peifu Zhuang Zhenye Xu Weidong 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(4):537-552
Ｔｈｅ ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｃｈａｎｇｅ ａｎｄ ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ｓａｎｄ ｃｏａｓｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ａｒｅａ ｏｆ Ｌｉａｏｄｏｎｇ ＧｕｌｆＭｉａｏＦｅｎｇｍｉｎ；ＢｉＺｈａｏｑｉ；ＬｉＳｈｕｙｕａｎ；Ｘｉａ... 相似文献
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Gregg R. Brooks Larry J. Doyle Beau C. Suthard Stan D. Locker Albert C. Hine 《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):325-349
Sediment vibracores and surface samples were collected from the mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf of west–central Florida in an effort to determine the three-dimensional facies architecture and Holocene geologic development of the coastal barrier-island and adjacent shallow marine environments. The unconsolidated sediment veneer is thin (generally <3 m), with a patchy distribution. Nine facies are identified representing Miocene platform deposits (limestone gravel and blue–green clay facies), Pleistocene restricted marine deposits (lime mud facies), and Holocene back-barrier (organic muddy sand, olive-gray mud, and muddy sand facies) and open marine (well-sorted quartz sand, shelly sand, and black sand facies) deposits. Holocene back-barrier facies are separated from overlying open marine facies by a ravinement surface formed during the late Holocene rise in sea level. Facies associations are naturally divided into four discrete types. The pattern of distribution and ages of facies suggest that barrier islands developed approximately 8200 yr BP and in excess of 20 km seaward of the present coastline in the north, and more recently and nearer to their present position in the south. No barrier-island development prior to approximately 8200 yr BP is indicated. Initiation of barrier-island development is most likely due to a slowing in the Holocene sea-level rise ca. 8000 yr BP, coupled with the intersection of the coast with quartz sand deposits formed during Pleistocene sea-level highstands. This study is an example of a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic shallow marine depositional system that is tightly constrained in both time and sea-level position. It provides a useful analog for the study of other, similar depositional systems in both the modern and ancient rock record. 相似文献
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I. O. Leont’yev 《Oceanology》2012,52(4):550-560
The proposed model allows the satisfactory reproduction of the changes in the profile geometry in each time step depending on the sediment budgets in a given morphodynamic system. The applied modification to the general Bruun rule governing the conservation of mass must account for the effect of the sediment transport, which is described in terms of the erosion and accretion rates (Er and and Ac, respectively). The scale of the erosion is a function of the total annual wave energy flux reaching the beach. The accretion is governed by the Er, on the one hand, and by the sediment budget in the morphodynamic system, on the other hand. The equilibrium profile obtained for the case of a balanced sediment budget (Er = Ac) shows good agreement with the observed profiles. A deficit or surplus in the sediment budget results in the shoreline??s retreat or advance accompanied by either a decrease or increase in the slope of the bottom profile. The model accounts for different types of shoreline responses to changes in the sea level (the Bruun rule, the development of a coastal barrier, and abrasion). Sediment budget imbalances can be a factor in the profile??s evolution due to changes in the sea level, while the combination of both factors will produce a variety of behaviors of the shoreline, as was shown by our calculations. The model was verified using historical data on the behavior of the Central Holland coast and the Abkhazian coast during the Late Holocene. It was shown that the model satisfactory reproduces the progradation of coastal barriers. An example of a relatively short-term forecast (over a 100-year period) is given. 相似文献
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Morphodynamic modeling is employed in the present work to predict the long-term evolution (over the next 100 years) of typical sedimentary coasts in the western Russian Arctic. The studied objects are the coasts of Varandey (the Barents Sea), Baydaratskaya Bay and Harasavey (the Kara Sea). The model developed takes into account both the short-term processes (storm events) and long-term factors (for example, changes in sea level, inter-annual variations in gross sediment flux, lack or excess of sediment supply). Predicted and observed morphological changes in coastal profiles are shown to agree well for time scales ranging from weeks to decades. It is revealed that under given environmental conditions, the morphological evolution is strongly influenced by storm surges and associated wind-driven circulation. The water level gradient created by a surge generates a seaward flow at the bed. This outflow is shown to be an important destructive mechanism contributing to the erosion and recession of Arctic coasts. The rate of change is found to depend on both the exposure of the coast (relative to the direction of dominant winds) and its height above the sea. The open coast of Varandey is expected to retreat as much as 300–500 m over 100 years, while recession of the less exposed coasts of Baydaratskaya Bay would not exceed about 100 m/century. If long-term sediment losses are insignificant, the rate of erosion decays with time and the morphodynamic system may tend toward equilibrium. It is concluded that the expected relative sea-level rise (up to 1 m over the nearest 100 years) is non-crucial to the future coastal evolution if an erosion activity is already high enough. 相似文献
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新石器时代是包括一万年至四千年左右的人类社会发展过程。本文就胶东半島目前发现的新石器时代遗址,试图探讨半岛海岸变迁及共成因问题。 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2002,25(1):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献