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海岸侵蚀和海岸线管理的初步研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
在我国30 000km多的海岸线上海岸侵蚀后退问题相当普遍，海岸的后退侵蚀给沿海地区造成了严重的危害，近处来随着海平面上升及河流径流量减少引起入海泥沙量减少，海岸侵蚀有不断加剧的趋势，海岸线管理就是针对海岸锓蚀而提出来的一项管理政策。本文在对中国海岸侵蚀原因分析的基础上，结合国外成功的岸线管理经验提出了关于海岸线侵蚀管理中的若干概念、海岸线管理的技术和理论支持以及海岸带立法和海岸线管理程序。 相似文献
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沙子口湾海岸侵蚀原因及防治对策研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过实测水文资料,岸滩冲变化规律和泥沙动态研究沙子口湾近３０ａ来的变化,分析海滩侵蚀的原因,对现有的海岸工程进行调查。研究海岸防护对策,分析海岸防护工程的可行性。 相似文献
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1976年黄河改道以来三角洲近岸区变化遥感监测 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
通过对黄河三角洲沿岸10个河口、潮汐汉道的23景陆地卫星影像高潮线的解译与对比，探讨自1976年黄河改道以来，三角洲岸线的变化特征；同时，利用GIS软件处理1976年和1992年滨海区水深测量数据，并与黄河利津站同期入海沙量进行对照分析。结果表明：1)目前黄河三角洲总体处于侵蚀破坏阶段，侵蚀岸线长相当于淤积岸线的2倍；2)人类活动对三角洲岸线变化的影响不断增强，人工海岸长度大幅度增加，总岸线长度缩短，岸线趋于平直；3)52．6％的黄河入海泥沙堆积于入海口附近，其中92％的泥沙堆积在15m水深线以内，向外迅速减少，20m水深线以外出现侵蚀；4)87％黄河入海泥沙往东、东南方向扩散与沉积，往南、东北方向扩散与沉积的泥沙很少，河口的北、西北方向整体上处于侵蚀状态。海岸侵蚀与河口泥沙的输移密切相关。 相似文献
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针对海口市海岸侵蚀较为严重和特殊的政治、经济地位、从自然条件角度客以分析了诱发该地区海岸侵蚀的主要原因，分析了当前在海岸治理过程中遇到的现实问题，提出治理海口市侵蚀岸段的基本思路和主要措施，为政府决策部门提供依据。 相似文献
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秦皇岛地区侵蚀性海滩的演化及保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秦皇岛地区的旅游海滩大部分处于侵蚀状态,沿海河流入海沙量的减少是引起海滩侵蚀的主要原因。对比不同时期的海岸剖面资料,论述了侵蚀性海滩滩面变窄、滩砂粗化和滩面变陡等问题。在讨论海岸侵蚀与海滩侵蚀两个概念的区别和内在联系基础上,依据海滩的岸坡物质对秦皇岛地区侵蚀性滩海进行了分类,侵蚀性海滩的保护及恢复的关键问题是海滩发育空间及物源,最后,针对不同类型的侵蚀海滩,提出了具体防护措施。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲飞雁滩海岸的侵蚀及机理 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
飞雁滩海域是1964－1976年黄河刁口河流路入海区域。根据地形和断面水深监测资料，阐述了该岸段流路废弃后的岸滩侵蚀特征和地貌变化。研究结果表明，刁口河流路废弃后飞雁滩海岸向海凸出的地形特征，是造成该岸段强烈侵蚀的重要原因。进一步结合波、流动力的对应分析认为，波浪以掀沙为主，潮流以输沙为主，波浪和潮流的联合作用是飞雁滩海岸侵蚀的主要动力机制，其中潮流主要通过余流携沙外榆，造成近岸泥沙亏损。 相似文献
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粤西海岸全新世中期以来海平面升降与海岸沙坝潟湖发育过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沙坝湖海岸是一种重要的海岸类型。文章论述了粤西海岸全新世中期以来在海平面升降影响下沙坝湖地貌的发育过程,得出如下结论：距今7000a至5000a．海平面曾上升至＋4m,由于大陆架泥沙的向陆堆积,形成了揭湖拦湾沙坝的后缘高突部分：以后海平面逐步下降至现今位置,它所形成的海退沙楔发育成低矮的向海沙坝和海滩;距今2000a,海平面趋于相对稳定;现今海平面微升,出现了海岸侵蚀。文章还对该地在海平面升降影响下的海岸泥沙运移机制以及海岸高海面堆积和现今海岸侵蚀现象作了解析。 相似文献
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海南岛东南浅海表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对海南岛东南浅海377组表层沉积物样品(平均水深112.3 m)开展粒度测定及沉积物类型划分,并运用统计规律及沉积输运趋势分析,探讨了底质沉积物分布格局与物质来源及沉积动力环境关系。结果表明,海南岛东南浅海沉积物类型复杂,共分布13种沉积物类型,粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主,平均粒径均值为5.73Φ,优势粒级为细粉砂级(6~8Φ),分选差。不同海域沉积物粒径差异明显,北部近岸以含砾沉积为主,中部呈NE-SW向的砂质沉积区(水深80~120 m),西南近岸滨海、北中部海域以及东南部海域多为粉砂、黏土沉积。结合地理位置、沉积物源及水动力条件差异,研究区划分为3个沉积区:I区主要以含砾粗颗粒沉积为主,受控于海南岛上径流及强风浪作用,物质来源以万泉河等河流输运及岸线侵蚀物质为主,强动力(高能)沉积环境;II区以砂沉积为主,受到表层流及风浪等共同影响,可能主要是残留滨海沉积混入了海南岛径流及岸线侵蚀、少量珠江流域及外海复杂来源等现代细粒物质的混合沉积,中等动力沉积环境;III区以细粒沉积为主,主要受华南近岸流、风浪作用及南海暖流影响,推测物质来源主要为海南岛河流输入、岸线侵蚀及复杂外海来源细粒物质的加入,弱动力(低能)沉积环境。 相似文献
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海平面上升对中国沿海地区影响初析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近五十年来中国沿岸海平面变化总的呈上升趋势，年变率平均为１．４ｍｍ／ａ，中国沿岸地形复杂，未来海平面上升可能影响的主要脆弱区为黄河、长江和珠江三大三角洲和滨海平原，其可能受害区域估计达３５０００ｋｍ＾２。影响中国沿岸相对海平面上升的主要因素有：近代地壳垂直运动和地面沉降，台风和风暴潮，海岸侵蚀和海咸水入侵等。 相似文献
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人类工程活动对秦皇岛海滩侵蚀及淤积的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦皇岛地区旅游性海滩的侵蚀主要是人类所实施的以水库为主的河流水利工程而产生的海岸效应。在区域性海滩普遍遭受侵蚀状态下，沿海港口工程又通过三种不同形式第滩发育施以影响，其一是对沿岸泥沙流的拦阻，其二为在局部岸段形成完全或不完全波影区，其三为人工岬湾的形成，港工引成的海滩淤积体特征是海滩变宽、变缓及海滩砂细化。文中最后讨论了侵蚀性海滩向演化的发育空间问题。 相似文献
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布容法则及其在中国海岸上的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
布容（Ｂｒｕｕｎ）法则是预测海平面上升引起海岸侵蚀最早的方法也是最简单的方法。根据中国砂质和淤泥质海岸的情况,布容法则可定性地解释海平面上升与海岸侵蚀的关系,在满足它要求条件的海岸地段和发育时期,用它预测海岸侵蚀或许是可能的。但是,若不严格审查海岸环境和条件,把它作为海平面上升情况预测海岸侵蚀的普遍模式,有待更多的研究加以证明。 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2002,25(1):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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新石器时代是包括一万年至四千年左右的人类社会发展过程。本文就胶东半島目前发现的新石器时代遗址,试图探讨半岛海岸变迁及共成因问题。 相似文献
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Miao Fengmin Bi Zhaoqi Li Shuyuan Xiao Yuzhong Cong Peifu Zhuang Zhenye Xu Weidong 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(4):537-552
Ｔｈｅ ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｃｈａｎｇｅ ａｎｄ ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｏｆ ｓａｎｄ ｃｏａｓｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ａｒｅａ ｏｆ Ｌｉａｏｄｏｎｇ ＧｕｌｆＭｉａｏＦｅｎｇｍｉｎ；ＢｉＺｈａｏｑｉ；ＬｉＳｈｕｙｕａｎ；Ｘｉａ... 相似文献