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冲绳海槽西南部流纹岩和安山岩斜长石中发育大量玻璃质熔体包裹体,安山岩斜长石中熔体包裹体的均一温度较高（1050-1200℃）,而流纹岩斜长石中熔体包裹体有两个明显不同的均一温度峰值段（900-1000℃,1150-1200℃）,呈“双峰”式均一温度特征。熔体包裹体的均一温度特征与流纹岩和安山岩中斜长石的环带结构及An值变化特征一致,说明安山岩中斜长石主要在高温阶段结晶,而流纹岩中斜长石经历了两个不同的结晶阶段。结合流纹岩斜长石存在明显的环带结构及两种差异较大的An值特征,作者认为熔体包裹体的“双峰”式均一温度特征指示该地区发生了不同期次岩浆的混合作用。岩浆携带早期高温阶段结晶（1150-1200℃）的高An值偏基性斜长石向上运移,注入浅部较低温酸性岩浆房（900-1000℃）,发生混合作用,偏基性的斜长石在进入酸性岩浆房后被重新吸收,形成包含有较高均一温度熔体包裹体的核部（高An）,然后继续结晶生长形成包含有较低均一温度熔体包裹体的边部（低An）,表明冲绳海槽西南部地区下部岩浆房内存在复杂的岩浆混合作用。 相似文献
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综合大洋钻探计划(IODP) 334和344航次在U1381站位处的两个钻孔(A孔和C孔)获得了中美洲西海岸外科科斯脊基底拉斑玄武岩，对其岩浆过程开展研究可为理解其岩石成因提供重要依据。本文对科科斯脊玄武岩中斜长石斑晶和微晶进行了详细的原位主微量元素分析，结果表明，斜长石种属为培长石、拉长石及少量中长石。部分斜长石斑晶具有正环带结构；但多数斜长石斑晶不具有明显环带，仅从核部到边部存在微弱的成分变化。斜长石斑晶与微晶的微量元素差别较大:斜长石斑晶富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素，且具有明显的Eu正异常；斜长石微晶不相容元素含量通常高于斜长石斑晶。根据斜长石温度计计算获得斜长石斑晶结晶温度为1 050～1 253℃，斜长石微晶结晶温度为866～1 033℃。基于以上特征，推测斜长石斑晶核部是相对原始岩浆的产物，而斑晶边部以及微晶是演化岩浆的结晶产物。斜长石斑晶的成分变化及熔蚀麻点结构是由于岩浆补给及岩浆减压上升造成的。最后，本研究推测科科斯脊基底玄武岩来自于开放的岩浆房，且岩浆房内可能存在原始岩浆的不断注入及岩浆对流。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
本文利用电子探针技术分析了南大西洋洋中脊玄武岩中斜长石的结构构造和物质组成特征,讨论了该区岩浆过程在斜长石中的记录。按粒径大小可将研究区玄武岩中的斜长石分为斑晶、微晶和基质三类,斑晶斜长石核部平均An值为74,属于培长石,而边部平均An值为69,属于拉长石,呈正环带构造,微晶斜长石平均An值为67,与斑晶斜长石边部成分近似,且其粒径与斑晶斜长石边部宽度接近,约在30μm,极可能是同一时期形成。基质斜长石平均An值为63,略小于微晶斜长石。利用马西兹修改后的斜长石结晶温度计算公式,估算出斑晶斜长石核部结晶温度约为1 214℃,斑晶斜长石边部结晶温度约为1 085℃,微晶斜长石的结晶温度约为1 081℃,而基质斜长石的结晶温度约为1 056℃。由此推测,高An值(78~80)的斑晶斜长石的核部可能是形成于岩浆源区的捕掳晶。斑晶斜长石的边部、微晶斜长石及基质斜长石的结晶温度相近,说明三者可能近乎同时结晶;但由于它们的颗粒大小变化范围较大,很可能分别形成于岩浆房、岩浆通道及喷出洋壳表面后等环境中。与冲绳海槽玄武岩中斜长石比较,本区斜长石平均An值跨度以及结晶温度跨度均比冲绳海槽小,本区An值为74~63,结晶温度为1 214~1 056℃,而冲绳海槽An值为86~47,结晶温度为1 250~950℃。这表明相对于岩浆物理化学环境曾经历快速变化的弧后盆地来说,慢速洋中脊的岩浆活动的物理化学环境则相对稳定。 相似文献
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在研究了南海深水区4个代表性柱样的微体古生物、碳酸盐含量和氧同位素资料的基础上,讨论了南海晚更新世以来气候周期性旋回、碳酸盐旋回和陆源沉积作用特点。南海中部自晚更新世以来除局部海区受火山作用、浊流影响外,沉积环境相对稳定。长约4m的柱样反映出冷暖气候旋回特征。根据G38柱有孔虫生物组合群转换得出的冬季表层水温值为:冰后期为24.8—25.1℃,末次冰期为20.3—22.8℃。位于CCD以上的柱样碳酸盐含量暖期高、冷期低旋回明显,但分段钙质和非钙质沉积速率计算结果通常显示出冰期的沉积速率小于冰后期的沉积速率。结合钙质超微镜下统计的溶蚀曲线,在南海深海柱样中似乎并不存在冰期溶解作用增强效应。 相似文献
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玄武岩中的斜长石矿物记录了岩浆过程的重要信息,可为揭示岩浆活动规律提供重要线索。马里亚纳海槽玄武岩中斜长石矿物具有两种产出类型:斑晶和微晶。岩相学特征指示,斜长石斑晶常具有聚片双晶结构、环带结构,偶见熔蚀结构和冷凝边;斜长石微晶呈半定向或杂乱分布在火山玻璃中,其中空骸晶结构表明斜长石微晶石在淬冷的条件下迅速形成。海槽18°N附近不同玄武岩样品中环带斜长石斑晶环带数与其寄主岩石Mg#值呈负相关,指示了在马里亚纳海槽扩张中心轴部地堑很小范围内获得的玄武岩样品经历的岩浆滞留时间以及岩浆混合作用周期存在一定程度的差异。海槽18°N,17°N和15°30′N附近3个位置的斜长石斑晶边部及斜长石微晶的An值接近,表明这3个位置的岩浆活动具有相似的岩浆上涌喷发通道结构及海底淬冷环境。与冲绳海槽相比,马里亚纳海槽玄武岩具有更深的产出水深;同时,研究区斜长石微晶An值总体上略高于前两者,这可能反映了水深对斜长石微晶An值的影响。研究区斜长石斑晶的形成温度范围比冲绳海槽更窄,暗示与冲绳海槽(陆缘弧后盆地)相比,马里亚纳海槽(洋内弧后盆地)岩浆过程所经历的物理化学环境可能相对更稳定。此外,微晶斜长石结晶温度略高于冲绳海槽,反映出两个弧后扩张区域岩浆喷出淬冷结晶时的水深的差异。 相似文献
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磷在海洋碱性岩系列中的分布Ｂ．Ｂ．ＭａＴＢｅｅＨＫｏＢ在所有的玄武岩类中，板内海洋火山作用特有的碱性玄武岩，与其它类型玄武岩相比，磷的含量最高。因为海洋火山作用的特征是具有深部分异岩石系列的长期活动的巨型中心式火山构筑体，因此追踪磷在富磷的初始熔浆分... 相似文献
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本文报道了我国第三次南极考察采集的粗安岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,利用仪器中子活化、电子探针等方法分析了欺骗岛粗安岩的元素含量。南极欺骗岛粗安岩呈斑状结构,斑晶为中性斜长石和透辉石,基质为斜长石、透长石和玻璃质组成;化学成分特征属富钾粗安岩,稀土元素含量较高,轻重稀土分馏不显著,(La/Yb)_N≈1.3,负销异常明显;相容元素亏损,不相容元素相对富集。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(5)
IODP340航次的"小安德列斯火山作用及其滑坡"项目,将有助于我们更好地了解沿岛弧火山作用所引起的海底建造和灾害过程.地球上大约50％的火山作用发生在与岛弧有关联的环太平洋带,尽管这些火山作用的形式各异,如某些岛屿岩浆作用和喷发活动过程的变化和多样性,然而,大量岩屑崩塌或侵位都沿这些岛弧发生.确认这些过程的制约机制,... 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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