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《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(2)
本文以海带(Saccharina japonica)配子体、配子体克隆及幼孢子体为实验材料,研究了不同发育时期的海带对草甘膦、草丁膦、氯霉素的敏感性,经SPSS软件计算出一定时间内3种选择试剂对不同发育时期海带的半致死剂量(LD50)。结果表明:海带配子体及配子体克隆对草甘膦和草丁膦极为敏感,对氯霉素较为敏感。4d时,草甘膦和草丁膦对海带配子体的LD50分别为8.19μg/mL和19.27μg/mL,对海带配子体克隆的LD50分别为73.69μg/mL和39.08μg/mL;而氯霉素对海带配子体及配子体克隆4天的LD50则高达742.00μg/mL和701.51μg/mL。海带幼孢子体仅对草甘膦极为敏感,4d的LD50为40.93μg/mL;对草丁膦和氯霉素较为敏感,4d的LD50分别为214.51μg/mL和907.86μg/mL。该结果说明草甘膦和草丁膦适合作为以海带配子体和配子体克隆为实验材料的基因工程选择试剂,草甘膦则更适合以海带幼孢子体为实验材料的基因工程选择试剂。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
亚硫酸还原酶是硫代谢的关键酶。本文首次从雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)中克隆了亚硫酸还原酶基因(sir),发现该sir的DNA序列由3 885个核苷酸组成,包括9个内含子,cDNA序列全长为2 079 bp,编码692个氨基酸,属于NiR/SiR铁氧还蛋白超家族。系统发育分析表明,雨生红球藻中的sir基因与其他淡水绿藻的亲缘关系最近。在0～50 mmol/L Na_2SO_3浓度范围内,sir基因转录水平与Na_2SO_3浓度呈正相关,说明雨生红球藻中sir基因与亚硫酸盐代谢直接相关。对不同硫浓度条件下sir的转录水平分析表明,雨生红球藻sir的转录水平会随培养时间呈周期性变化,0.5 g/L MgSO_4·7H_2O组sir基因的转录水平在前4天明显上调,显著高于其他各组。培养基中不同硫浓度对雨生红球藻生长的影响表明,0.5 g/L MgSO_4·7H_2O组表现出明显的生长优势,在第10天表现出最高的细胞密度。因此,0.5 g/L MgSO_4·7H_2O更适宜作为雨生红球藻培养中的硫酸盐添加量。 相似文献
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以正十九碳酸(C19：0)为内标，用HCI-CH3OH溶液提酯化雨生红球藻后进行毛细管气相色谱分析。通过正交实验确定抽提和酯化雨生红球藻脂肪酸的最佳酯化酸度、超声破碎时间和水浴时间。该法对雨生红球藻游动细胞脂肪酸含量测定的相对偏差为0．4％～9．5％；对雨生红球藻孢子为3．0％～11．8％。仪器的检测限为0．942μg。结果表明，雨生红球藻绿色游动细胞的饱和脂肪酸组分主要是C16：0，含量为2．22％；不饱和脂肪酸主要有C16：1，C18：2,C18：1和C18：3，含量在0.764％～3．28％。雨生红球藻孢子中的饱和脂肪酸主要有C16：0和C18：0，含量分别为4．34％和0．477％；不饱和脂肪酸主要为C16：1,C18：2,C18：1和C18：3；含量在0．901％～8．20％。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
本文探讨了光照强度和温度2个生态因子对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus plivialis)生长、虾青素及内源脱落酸积累的影响。研究表明,光照强度、温度及二者交互作用对雨生红球藻的生长、虾青素及内源脱落酸的积累均有显著影响(P0.05)。温度23℃时,细胞密度随光照强度的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,在200μmol/(m~2·s)时达到最大值4.9×105个/mL。适当的高光照强度和高温均能促进雨生红球藻中虾青素和内源脱落酸的积累,过高则起抑制作用。培养期间雨生红球藻中虾青素和内源脱落酸的最大峰值分别为6.266mg/L和322.641ng/g(干重),且最大峰值均出现于27℃、200μmol/(m~2·s)处理组。脱落酸含量的最大值出现在虾青素快速积累前,且在雨生红球藻的生活周期中,孢囊形成期的内源脱落酸含量最高。本研究所得到的规律对规模化培养雨生红球藻具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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雨生红球藻光合和呼吸速率研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
于１９９４年在青岛以单细胞雨生红球藻为实验材料,利用ＭＣＭ改良配方制作培养洲,采用测溶解氧的方法,进行了光合和呼吸速率测定。结果表明,雨生红球藻光合速率、呼吸速率不仅与温度、光照强度有密切关系,同时还与其生活史中不同发育阶段有关。１７℃、２５℃、３３℃时,雨生红球藻游动细胞光饱和点光强度分别为２６０μＥ／（ｍ＾２．ｓ）、３２０μＥ／（ｍ＾２．ｓ）、３２０μＥ／（ｍ＾２．ｓ）左右,光补偿点光强分别为 相似文献
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对一株有毒的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech)进行了8种抗生素-氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素、金霉素、氨苄青霉素、新霉素和链霉素的敏感性实验.结果表明,该藻对抗生素较为敏感.其中的5种:氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素和金霉素,对藻8d比生长速率的EC50分别为2.45μg/cm3,25.2μg/cm3,7.95μg/cm3,285u/cm3,58.7μg/cm3,可用作该藻基因工程的选择压力,其对应的抗性基因可以作为基因工程阳性选择标记基因,应用于塔玛亚历山大藻的遗传操作研究.新霉素和链霉素对A.tamarense的生长无明显抑制作用,可以用于藻株无菌化培养而应用于甲藻产毒机制和赤潮爆发机理的研究,还应用筛选出的抗生素对藻培养物进行了除菌实验. 相似文献
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研究了裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体对除草剂草丁膦的敏感性以及温度对草丁膦处理效果的影响。结果表明,裙带菜配子体对草丁膦敏感;统计学分析得出了草丁膦在不同温度条件下处理裙带菜配子体的半致死浓度(LD50)及95%可信限;温差达到10℃时,相同处理时间各组内不同处理温度样品的LD50之间呈现显著差异,第6天的LD50由10℃组的15.78 mg/L降为20℃组的11.56 mg/L和25℃组的10.33 mg/L。研究发现可以尝试采用草丁膦作为裙带菜配子体遗传转化的选择试剂。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献