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提出了一种现场、快速分析海水中有机碳特性的方法。对臭氧与海水中有机碳发生氧化反应过程中产生的化学发光动力学曲线特征进行了研究。利用原理试验样机获取了化学发光动力学曲线,根据动力学曲线分析了海水中对应的有机碳含量和有机碳组成特征,例如难氧化有机物所占比例、中等稳定有机物所占比例、易氧化有机物所占比例等性质。通过与现有检测方法相比较,验证了使用臭氧氧化发光分析方法分析海水有机碳含量以及组成特征的有效性。根据实验中得到的不同区域海水化学发光动力学曲线特征有很大特异性的现象,提出了建立海水中有机碳特征编码"有机碳指纹"的概念。 相似文献
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铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。 相似文献
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海水中低浓度亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐测定方法综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中低浓度的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定方法主要有4种,即分光光度法(富集分光光度法和液芯波导分光光度法)、高效液相色谱法、荧光法和化学发光法。这些测定方法比传统的分光光度测定法有更高的灵敏度和更低的检测限,可以对海水中纳摩尔级低浓度的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行测定。化学发光法和液芯波导分光光度法的自动化程度高,测定时对样品的需求量少,后者还实现了多个参数的实时现场测定,因而成为目前海水中低浓度亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐测定的主流方法,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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于2008年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对流沙湾进行了4次采样调查,研究分析了流沙湾海水中总有机碳的空间分布和季节变化特征,并探讨了TOC与温度、盐度、pH、叶绿素a和底泥TOC之间的相关关系.结果发现,在2008年度流沙湾海水TOC的浓度为0.992 ～ 5.437 mg/L,平均值为2.414 mg/L,呈现春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季的变化趋势,整个流沙湾海域海水TOC的平面分布相对比较均匀,表层稍大于底层.在内外湾分布上,冬、夏季节内湾TOC大于外湾,而春、秋季节外湾大于内湾;在垂直分布上,冬、夏和秋季表层大于底层,而春季底层大于表层;在地域分布上,冬、夏季节从流沙镇一侧海域到西联镇一侧海域逐渐减小,秋季变化趋势相反,春季时,两侧无明显变化.相关关系的分析结果表明,流沙湾海水TOC与温度、pH呈现出正相关关系,与温度的相关关系较为显著,与盐度则呈现不显著的负相关关系;与叶绿素a存在一定的相关关系,在叶绿素a浓度小于2.6μg/L,两者呈现正相关关系,而在叶绿素a浓度大于2.6 μg/L,两者呈现负相关关系;与底泥TOC呈现出了一定的正相关关系. 相似文献
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对现在过程的研究可为了解过去沉积环境演变信息提供重要线索。对南海南沙广阔海域23个现代表层沉积物样品总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)含量及同位素组成(δ13CTOC和δ15N)进行测试分析，以期通过沉积有机质的现代组成分布特征为反演其历史时空分布变化规律及其驱动机制提供参考。南沙海区表层沉积物TOC/TN(5.5～7.9，平均为6.5±0.6)和δ13CTOC(–21.9‰～–18.7‰，平均为–21.0‰±0.7‰)揭示了沉积有机质主要来自海源贡献；δ13CTOC与TOC和TOC/TN的相关性分析表明了TOC未受明显的早期成岩作用影响，因此表层沉积物TOC可用于反映现代上层海水生产力状况。南沙海区表层沉积物TOC(0.32%～0.97%，平均为0.67%±0.17%)呈现明显的西-东向分布差异，高值主要位于西部前缘地带，低值主要分布在东部海域。表层沉积物TOC的地理分布特征表明了西南夏季风对南沙海域表层海水生产力的主要调控作用—由夏季风产生的越南上升流和湄公河陆源输入带来的高通量营养盐促进了西部前缘海域浮游植物的勃发，... 相似文献
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根据《海洋监测规范》规定的总有机碳分析方法，利用HW－5610非色散红外CO2气体分析仪，设计制造成功总有机碳分析装置，对《海洋监测规范》的方法进行了根本的改进，方法成熟可靠，用该仪器和方法测定TOC，检出限低于0．01mg/L，性优于1％，达到了与进口TOC分析仪相近的分析精度及再现性，而该TOC分析仪的制造成本仅相当于进口仪器价格的1／10－1／5，值得海洋，河流、湖泊等有关监测和研究部门借鉴。 相似文献
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有机磷酸酯(OPEs)已广泛应用于阻燃剂和增塑剂,但由于其具有较高毒性、难降解和远距离迁移等特点,从而引发的一系列海洋环境问题也逐渐受到关注。本文基于国内外海水和沉积物中OPEs的最新研究数据,分析了海水和海洋沉积物中OPEs的分析检测技术、迁移转化、分布特征和影响因素等,并针对当前研究的不足进行了讨论和展望。通过本文总结发现,海水中OPEs主要来自河流输入和大气沉降的输送,且浓度分布特征表现为表层高于底层,三种氯代有机磷酸酯[磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)、磷酸三氯丙酯(TCPP)和磷酸三(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP)]是海水中OPEs的主要组分;海洋沉积物中OPEs的含量分布表现出港湾、近岸海域和沿岸城市经济发达区域较高的趋势,其主要组分存在差异,受辛醇-水分配系数(lg Kow)和总有机碳(TOC)两个因素的影响较大。 相似文献
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M.D. MacKinnon 《Marine Chemistry》1978,7(1):17-37
A high-temperature oxidation method is described for the accurate and precise determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) in seawater. Problems of contamination in sample storage, preparation, and oxidation which are evident in previous dry oxidation methods have been controlled. The TOC results from different areas are determined and compared directly with the results obtained on duplicate samples with the persulfate oxidation method. Significantly higher TOC values (15–20%) are obtained with the dry oxidation procedure, but the relative difference in the methods is relatively constant over depth and geographic areas. A high correlation between the methods was obtained. For accurate results, the dry method is recommended but conclusions based on profiles of TOC determined by either method should be similar if the proper precautions in analysis are followed. 相似文献
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M.D. MacKinnon 《Marine Chemistry》1979,8(2):143-162
A method based on a dynamic head-space extraction and high-temperature oxidation of the trapped organic matter is described for the determination of the volatile organic carbon (VOC) concentration in seawater. The VOC concentrations in various geographic regions have been measured and calculated as a fraction of the total organic carbon (VOC/TOC). The VOC concentrations ranged from 15–60 μg C/liter in most oceanic areas. This volatile component was found to be a small fraction (1.5–6%) of the TOC. The VOC concentrations are highest in coastal regions and in the surface zone while the VOC/TOC ratio is relatively constant with depth and location. The volatile organic components may be important to the cycling of organic matter in sea water and the dynamics of this role have been postulated. 相似文献
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本文构建以掺硼金刚石(Boron-doped diamond,BDD)为阳极、不锈钢为阴极、硫酸盐为电解质的电化学体系,考察了电流密度、pH值、硫酸盐浓度以及初始四环素浓度等四个因素对电化学氧化降解废水中四环素的影响,运用响应曲面法对运行参数进行优化;通过电子自旋共振检测技术分析电化学反应中产生的自由基,探究了间歇通电模式下电化学体系持续氧化机理。结果表明,四个因素对TOC去除率的影响大小次序为:电流密度>初始四环素浓度>初始pH值>硫酸盐浓度,其中初始pH值和硫酸盐浓度与电流密度和初始四环素浓度的交互作用对TOC去除率的影响较为显著;最佳运行参数为pH值为5,电流密度为100 mA·cm-2,硫酸盐浓度为0.25 mol·L-1,初始四环素浓度为1000 mg·L-1;间歇通电模式下,BDD电极表面产生的SO4·-等高活性物质间相互转化提供了体系的可持续氧化能力。该研究结果为电化学氧化技术的实际应用提供了节省能耗的有效途径。 相似文献
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In order to investigate total organic carbon (TOC) exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, samples were taken along two sections from the western (Gulf of Cádiz) and eastern (Western Alboran Sea) entrances of the Strait and at the middle of the Strait in April 1998. TOC was measured by using a high-temperature catalytic oxidation method. The results referenced here are based on a three-layer model of water mass exchange through the Strait, which includes the Atlantic inflow, Mediterranean outflow and an interface layer in between. All layers were characterised by a decrease of TOC concentrations from the Gulf of Cádiz to the Western Alboran Sea: from 60–79 to 59–66 μM C in the Atlantic inflow and from 40–60 to 38–52 μM C in the Mediterranean waters, respectively. TOC concentrations in the modified North Atlantic Central Water varied from 43 to 55 μM C. Intermediate TOC values were measured in the interface layer (43–60 μM C). TOC concentrations increased from the middle of the Strait towards continents indicating a contribution of organic carbon of photosynthetic origin along Spain and Morocco coasts or TOC accumulation due to upwelling in the northeastern part of the Strait. Our results indicate that the short-term variability caused by the tide greatly impacts the TOC distribution, particularly in the Gulf of Cádiz. The TOC input from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar varies from 0.9×104 to 1.0×104 mol C s−1 (or 0.28×1012 to 0.35×1012 mol C year−1, respectively). This estimate suggests that the TOC inflow and outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar are two and three orders of magnitude higher than reported via the Turkish Straits and Mediterranean River inputs. 相似文献
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Having applied the method of discriminant analysis to the TOMS data of satellite sounding of the total ozone content (TOC) in the March months of 1979–2008, the authors could make a new estimate of the TOC field variability in the Northern Hemisphere and interlongitudinal regularities of its changes under the action of climatic variability. The effects of temperature variations in the polar stratosphere, El Niño, and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) have proven comparable and reach 80 DU in some regions. The influence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) reaches 40 DU. The regions of TOC variations and their location and dimensions change depending on the phases of QBO, AO, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Three regions of increased TOC—over Europe, Eastern Siberia, and the Pacific Ocean—are formed in years with a warm stratosphere. A compensating TOC decrease takes place in the tropics and over Greenland. In the years of El Niño and the easterly QBO phase, the TOC increases over Europe and drops over the central Pacific, as well as to the south from 45° N. The AO controls the ozone growth over most of Eurasia at temperate latitudes and its weak drop over the Atlantic. It was impossible to obtain such quantitative estimates with the use of methods based on an independent analysis of the TOC series at individual points of the coordinate grid. Testing with the Monte Carlo method confirmed that the results obtained are significant with a probability of 95–99.9%. 相似文献
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磷是一种重要的生源要素,在河口、边缘海的初级生产中发挥重要作用,了解沉积物中磷的形态分布和迁移转化有助于深入了解该区域生态系统动力学。于2013年3月在长江口及邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用水淘选方法对沉积物进行了分级,并采用化学连续提取法分析了未分级和分级沉积物样品中的6种磷形态含量:可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷、碎屑磷和难分解有机磷,讨论了该区域沉积物中磷的形态分布、选择性输运过程和迁移转化。沉积物中总磷含量在14.0~18.4 μmol/g,其中碎屑磷是其主要成分,占54.5%,其次是有机磷和难分解有机磷,分别占到15.1%和13.1%。不同粒级沉积物中磷形态含量不同,可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷和难分解有机磷随粒级增加含量逐渐降低,而碎屑磷主要集中在粗粒级（大于32 μm）沉积物中。基于各粒级磷形态的质量分布,发现小于32 μm粒级的沉积物中各磷形态含量从长江口向浙闽沿岸逐渐增加,向外海方向逐渐减小,而大于32 μm沉积物的变化趋势与此相反,体现了不同形态磷的选择性输运。随粒径增大,总有机碳对有机磷比值（TOC/Or-P）先降低后升高,在大粒级沉积物中,TOC/Or-P比值较高主要是因为陆源有机碳贡献较高,而在小粒级沉积物中,主要是由于有机磷的迁移和转化更为活跃,体现了细颗粒物中有机磷相对有机碳的优先分解。本研究表明,从分级的角度可以对河口、边缘海的磷循环有一个更全面的认识。 相似文献
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Distinctive light–dark color cycles in sediment beneath the Benguela Current Upwelling System indicate repetitive alternations in sediment delivery and deposition. Geochemical proxies for paleoproductivity and for depositional conditions were employed to investigate the paleoceanographic processes involved in creating these cycles in three mid-Pleistocene intervals from ODP Sites 1082 and 1084. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) vary between 3.5 and 17.1%. Concentrations of CaCO3 vary inversely to TOC and Al, which suggests that both carbonate dissolution and terrigenous dilution contribute to the light–dark cycles. Opal concentrations are independent of both TOC and CaCO3, therefore eliminating diatom production and lateral transport of shelf material as causes of the light–dark cycles. δ13Corg and δ15Ntot values do not vary across light–dark sediment intervals, implying that the extent of relative nutrient utilization did not change. The stable δ15Ntot values represent a balanced change in nitrate supply and export production and therefore indicate that productivity was elevated during deposition of the TOC-rich layers. Parallel changes in concentrations of indicator trace elements and TOC imply that changes in organic matter delivery influenced geochemical processes on the seafloor by controlling consumption of pore water oxygen. Cu, Ni, and Zn are enriched in the darker sediment as a consequence of greater organic matter delivery. Redox-sensitive metals vary due to loss (Mn and Ba) or enrichment (Mo) under reducing conditions created by TOC oxidation. Organic matter delivery impacts subsequent geochemical changes such as carbonate dissolution, sulfate reduction and the concentration of metals. Thus, export production is considered ultimately responsible for the generation of the color cycles. 相似文献
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Omer Aziz Tahir Hussain Matee Ullah Asher Samuel Bhatti Aamir Ali 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(4):491-508
The exploration and production of unconventional resources has increased significantly over the past few years around the globe to fulfill growing energy demands. Hydrocarbon potential of these unconventional petroleum systems depends on the presence of significant organic matter; their thermal maturity and the quality of present hydrocarbons i.e. gas or oil shale. In this work, we present a workflow for estimating Total Organic Content (TOC) from seismic reflection data. To achieve the objective of this study, we have chosen a classic potential candidate for exploration of unconventional reserves, the shale of the Sembar Formation, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Our method includes the estimation of TOC from the well data using the Passey’s ΔlogR and Schwarzkofp’s methods. From seismic data, maps of Relative Acoustic Impedance (RAI) are extracted at maximum and minimum TOC zones within the Sembar Formation. A geostatistical trend with good correlation coefficient (R2) for cross-plots between TOC and RAI at well locations is used for estimation of seismic based TOC at the reservoir scale. Our results suggest a good calibration of TOC values from seismic at well locations. The estimated TOC values range from 1 to 4% showing that the shale of the Sembar Formation lies in the range of good to excellent unconventional oil/gas play within the context of TOC. This methodology of source rock evaluation provides a spatial distribution of TOC at the reservoir scale as compared to the conventional distribution generated from samples collected over sparse wells. The approach presented in this work has wider applications for source rock evaluation in other similar petroliferous basins worldwide. 相似文献
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The variability of the fields of the total ozone content (TOC) and UV erythemal irradiance in the tropical region (30°S–30°N) is studied. The fields of monthly means of the TOC and erythemal irradiance that are based on the TOMS 8 and SBUV 8 satellite observations over the period from 1979 through 2003, with preliminarily eliminated the linear trend and the seasonal cycle, were used as the initial data. The application of the method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to analysis of initial series made it possible to identify the characteristic spatial and temporal patterns in the fields of TOC and UV-irradiance anomalies that are closely related to solar activity and elements of the atmospheric general circulation, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño (La Niña) phenomena. Quantitative estimates and analysis of the fields of TOC and UV-irradiance variations are presented in the study. The revealed spatial, temporal, and phase relations of the fields of ozone variations to some geo-and heliophysical factors are used in the regression model proposed for estimating monthly means of TOC in the tropics and based on the EOF decomposition. 相似文献