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利用西沙海域最新采集的高分辨率二维地震资料及钻井资料,结合前人研究成果,建立了西沙海区高精度层序地层格架;并在西沙海区新近纪识别出点礁、塔礁、台地边缘礁和环礁这4种不同类型生物礁,总结了不同生物礁的地震反射特征。早中新世时,西沙碳酸盐岩台地开始发育,台地数量较少且规模有限;中中新世,随着海平面的持续上升,海平面上升速率和碳酸盐岩的生长速率接近,此时碳酸盐岩台地发育规模达到最大;晚中新世以后,海平面继续上升,海平面上升速率远大于碳酸盐岩的生长速率,随着水深的快速增加,台地进入淹没阶段,不适合碳酸盐岩台地及生物礁发育,仅在部分构造高部位继续发育,生物礁主要为大型的环礁。控制西沙碳酸盐岩台地发育的影响因素为构造作用和相对海平面变化。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地中寒武统—下奥陶统泥晶灰岩地球化学与古海洋学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
塔里木盆地西部台地沉积区中寒武统—下奥陶统发育少量的泥晶灰岩,选择和4井中寒武统与塔中19井下奥陶统泥晶灰岩作为研究对象,旨在对中寒武世—早奥陶世古海水地球化学组成给予重建。地球化学分析结果表明,和4井泥晶灰岩MgO含量较高(2.76%～10.46%),表明和4井泥晶灰岩已被部分白云岩化,塔中19井泥晶灰岩较纯。两口探井泥晶灰岩δ18OPDB值变化在-8.7‰～-7.3‰之间,且δ18OPDB与MgO含量呈线性相关关系,趋势线在δ18O轴的截距为-8.6‰;泥晶灰岩样品的87Sr/86Sr值稳定,平均值为0.708 918;与和4井稀土元素总量(1.68～2.69)×10-6相比,塔中19井稀土元素含量较高,为(6.72～6.8)×10-6。δ18OPDB与MgO含量之间的线性相关关系,指示白云岩化作用可提高灰岩δ18O值,δ18O轴的截距为-8.6‰代表了灰岩原岩的氧同位素组成,根据同位素分馏规律可计算古海水δ18OSMOW值为-8.9‰。稳定的87Sr/86Sr值0.708 918代表中寒武纪—早奥陶世海水的87Sr/86Sr比值特征,与全球海洋87Sr/86Sr值演化线吻合。虽然各泥晶灰岩样品稀土元素总... 相似文献
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冀中坳陷在奥陶纪为华北陆表海的一部分,形成了一套碳酸盐岩地层.下奥陶统分为冶里组和亮甲山组,中奥陶统仅存马家沟组,可分为6段,上统缺失.旱奥陶世本区以潮坪和局限台地沉积为主,中奥陶世呈现局限台地和开阔台地相间分布的格局.奥陶系储层受岩性、沉积相、成岩作用、断层、裂缝作用等多种因素控制,可分为白云岩晶间(溶)孔型、裂缝型... 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2014,(5)
通过分析陇县地区下古生界的沉积物特征,认为其物质响应很好地反映了该地区对构造转型所带来的环境变迁。华北板块西南缘的盆地演化先后经历了震旦纪—中奥陶世的被动大陆边缘和晚奥陶纪—志留纪的活动大陆边缘两个构造期次;前者相应形成走廊被动陆缘盆地和贺兰盆地,该时期发育从碎屑岩潮坪到浅水碳酸盐陆棚的沉积环境;后者形成走廊弧后盆地,中奥陶世晚期至晚奥陶世之间该地区开始发生强烈的凹陷,使得该海域沉积一套深水斜坡相滑塌沉积以及浊积岩。直到晚奥陶世晚期开始,由于受加里东运动的影响,随着海平面逐步下降,华北板块西南缘的沉积环境再次由深水相过渡至以一套碳酸盐岩为主的浅水环境。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2021,(5)
为了揭示印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛周缘裂谷盆地油气地质条件的差异性,有效指导该区的油气勘探,在综合现有勘探研究成果的基础上,从构造演化分析入手,系统分析了该区沉积演化特征及其对烃源岩和储盖组合的控制作用。结果表明,古新世-始新世的沉积相带控制了有效烃源岩的岩性和发育区,在断陷处形成了湖沼相、潮坪-潟湖相泥岩、煤系等类型的烃源岩;不同时期差异性的沉积充填形成2类储盖组合;苏拉威西地区西部河流-三角洲相控制形成了物性良好的碎屑岩储盖组合。晚中新世-上新世,台地-陆棚相控制形成了区域内最为重要的碳酸盐岩储盖组合,尤其台地和台地边缘的生物礁储层,物性优良,已获得重要发现,是今后该区油气勘探的重点关注目标。 相似文献
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勘探证实,生物礁-碳酸盐岩是南沙沉积盆地油气勘探主要目的层系,因此,相关研究具有重要的理论实际意义.根据来自该区有关三维地震、钻井岩心精细分析的资料,对南沙上第三系曾母盆地路科尼亚(Luconia)及北巴拉望盆地马拉帕亚(Malampaya)生物礁-碳酸盐岩进行了对比分析,指出二者都形成于南海扩张过程中微陆块断裂、碰撞、拼接的构造背景下,由于发育时期及构造部位的差异,演化进程很不相同.路科尼亚台地始于晚渐新世-早中新世,中中新世-晚中新世期间最为繁盛,演化过程伴有多期进积、退积及台地翼部同沉积断裂导致的阵发性滑塌;台地中最明显的地震反射多与淹没事件有关.马拉帕亚碳酸盐台地发育相对较早,持续时间也较长,始于晚始新世,中中新世末台地发育终止.马拉帕亚碳酸盐台地发育高频米级潮下旋回,常以暴露面为界,而且台地发育明显受同沉积构造变形的影响. 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2018,(6)
开展西沙海域碳酸盐台地识别及模式总结,不仅具有油气勘探指导意义,而且能丰富碳酸盐岩沉积学理论。基于高分辨率三维、区域二维地震资料,利用古地貌分析,结合碳酸盐岩沉积学类比,确定了南海西北深水区碳酸盐台地类型及展布,分析了其演化过程。认为南海西北深水区中中新世开始发育碳酸盐台地,据构造背景(Ⅰ级)、地理位置(Ⅱ级)将其划分为离岸碳酸盐台地(中中新世)和孤立碳酸盐台地(晚中新世)两大类,据镶边性(III级)和坡度(IV)进一步细分为:离岸台地镶边岛架、离岸台地缓坡、离岸台地陡坡,孤立台地镶边岛架、孤立台地缓坡、孤立台地陡坡等亚类。南海西北部台地经历了由西向东的迁移过程。古地貌和海平面变化是该地区碳酸盐台地生长、持续、消亡的两大主控因素,陆坡隆起控制碳酸盐台地发育范围、规模和迁移方向;凸起控制碳酸盐台地类型、相带和迁移速度;半地堑作为外源容纳空间和输出通道而保证了碳酸盐台地发育的"水清"环境;台地边缘形态决定碳酸盐台地高能相带的分布、类型和规模。海平面上升导致碳酸盐台地由西向东退积,台地面积减小,环礁发育程度趋向成熟。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献