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近年来,人们对海水中的微量重金属进行了许多研究,特别对其在海水中的化学形式和形态更为重视。不同形式和形态的重金属对海洋生物的毒性不同,也直接影响元素在海洋中的行为(如吸附)和迁移过程。因此,测定海水中微量金属的存在形式和形态对研究元素的地球化学循环有着重要的意义。 关于锌在海水中的无机化学形式的研究,以往曾有过一些报道。Baric等用锌汞齐的极谱法直接测定不同pH值时锌的半波电位(E_(1/2))的移动,测得Zn(OH)~+的logK_1=5.67,认为海水中锌的主要形式是Zn(OH)~+。Zirino,Stumm,Florence等则根据已 相似文献
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以ZnSO4·7H2O为锌源,用锌添加量为0、20、40、60、80和100mg/kg的实验饲料投喂斜带石斑鱼12周,研究其对斜带石斑鱼生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响.结果表明,各实验组的增重率,饲料效率,存活率和全鱼、脊椎骨、鳞片的锌含量无显著差异.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的锰含量均随着饲料中锌的添加而降低,锰和锌存在明显的拮抗关系.全鱼的铁含量随着饲料中锌的添加而降低.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的钙、磷、镁含量均不受饲料中锌含量的影响.饲料中添加锌对全鱼水分、灰分,肌肉水分、脂肪,形态学指标,红细胞比容和血红蛋白含量没有显著影响.饲料中不添加锌时,全鱼的蛋白、脂肪和肌肉的蛋白、灰分含量较低.实验结果表明基础饲料中33mg/kg的锌已经满足斜带石斑鱼生长的需求,能使鱼体锌达到饱和. 相似文献
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近年来,人们对海水中重金属的存在形式和形态方面的研究越来越重视。不同存在形式和形态的重金属,对海洋生物的毒性亦不同;同时它们也是海洋环境中污染机制的重要参数之一。对于铅及镉在海水中的无机化学形式,曾有过一些报道。由于在计算金属各种存在形式百分数时选用的络合常数不同,计算结果往往差异很大。为了正确了解重金属在海水中的存在形式,首先必须要有正确的络合常数。本文使用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV法)测定了KNO_3溶液中铅、镉的氯基及硫酸根络合物稳 相似文献
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近十多年来,国内外对海水中重金属的研究比较重视。研究海水中重金属时,不仅要测定它的含量,进而研究其分布变化规律,而且更需要了解它的存在形态和形式,这对研究元素的迁移过程及其对生物的影响都是重要的。对锌、铅及镉在海水中的无机络合物的测定曾有过一些报道,但因直接测定比较困难,所以常使用一些已有的络合常数进行计算,作出估计。由于计算时选取的常数不同,计算结果往往相差十 相似文献
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近十多年来，国内外对海水中重金属的研究比较重视．研究海水中重金属时，不仅要测定它的含量，进而研究其分布变化规律，而且更需要了解它的存在形态和形式，这对研究元素的迁移过程及其对生物的影响都是重要的。对锌、铅及镉在海水中的无机络 相似文献
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酸溶硫化物(AVS)对沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属化学活动性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文的主要目的为,通过对具不同AVS含量的沉积物的金属加标实验和膜渗透平衡交换孔隙水采样技术,探讨孔隙水中二价有毒金属浓度对不同沉积物AVS含量的化学响应关系和沉积物-孔隙水系统中二价有毒金属在固、液两相间的地球化学分配机制,并以此揭示在AVS作用下,沉积物中二价微量金属的化学活动牲和生物可获得性.研究结果表明,用于加标实验的具不同硫化物含量的沉积物基质中,固相沉积物对镉、锌的吸收容量依AVS含量而异,如按摩尔浓度计,固相沉积物对铺或锌的吸收容量与AVS大致相等.当沉积物中与酸解硫化物同步被提取的金属铺或锌对AVS的摩尔比,[SEM]/[AVS]小于1时,孔隙水中辐或锌难于被检出;而[SEM]/[AVS]大于1时,沉积物中镉或锌开始表现出强烈的化学活动性,它们在孔隙水中的浓度开始跟随总量浓度变化而变化.[SEM]/[AVS]=1,似乎是判断缺氧海洋沉积物中二价有毒金属是否具有化学活动性的临界点.因此,AVS归一化沉积物中的二价有毒金属([SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比)被证明是一种方便直观地反映沉积物中二价有毒金属化学活动性的浓度表达方式,进而可被直接应用于金属沾污沉积物毒性或沉积物环境质量的评价. 相似文献
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重金属对扁额细首纽虫金属硫蛋白的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物体内金属硫蛋白含量变化,可作为环境中重金属污染的生物标志物.通过暴露实验研究了扁额细首纽虫Cephalothrix simula暴露在不同浓度的铜,锌和镉溶液96 h,其体内金属硫蛋白含量的变化规律.结果表明3种重金属离子的胁迫作用均导致金属硫蛋白含量增加,在实验初期(6～24 h),金属硫蛋白含量达到高峰;金属硫蛋白含量与暴露溶液金属浓度具有明显的剂量～效应关系,金属离子浓度越高,金属硫蛋白含量越高;锌离子诱导金属硫蛋白合成的作用大于铜、镉离子. 相似文献
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长江入海泥沙是中国东部陆架海沉积物的主要来源之一。本文基于MODIS-Aqua卫星的遥感资料并结合实测悬浮体浓度,建立了基于颗粒物后向散射系数的悬浮体浓度的反演方法,获取了2002—2017年长江口海域的表层悬浮体浓度分布,并分析其在潮周期、季节内以及年际等不同时间尺度下的变化特征。结果表明,在潮周期内,长江口122.3°E以西海域表层悬浮体浓度大潮高于小潮,落潮大于涨潮,高潮大于低潮;在季节尺度内.6—8月表层悬浮体浓度逐渐增加。而122.3°E以东海域,则出现相反的情况;长江口122.3°E以西海域的夏季平均表层悬浮体浓度年际变化明显,主要受长江入海水沙量年际变化的影响。长江口122.3°E以东海域表层悬浮体浓度的年际变化几乎不受长江入海泥沙的影响。风向对悬浮体浓度的扩散具有显著的作用,南风有利于高浓度悬浮体向外海扩散,东风则抑制扩展。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sea Research》2004,51(2):93-107
In this study we present in-situ measurements of pore water flow velocities in a coastal sandy sediment (permeability=3.65×10−10 m2). The advective pore water flows were driven by the interaction of oscillating boundary flows with sediment wave ripples, (amplitude=7 cm, wavelength=30 to 50 cm). The measurements were carried out in the Mediterranean Sea at 50 to 70 cm water depth during a phase of very low wave energy (max. wave amplitude=10 cm). An optode technique is introduced that permits direct pore water flow measurements using a fluorescent tracer. Near the sediment surface (0.5 cm depth) pore water reached velocities exceeding 40 cm h−1. Thus, advective transport exceeded transport by molecular diffusion by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Based on the pore water velocity measurements and ripple spacing, we calculate that 140 L m−2 d−1 are filtered through the sediment. Pore water visualisation experiments revealed a flow field with intrusion of water in the ripple troughs and pore water release at the ripple crests. The wave-driven water flow through the sediment, thus, was directly linked to the wave-generated sediment topography, and its spatial dimensions. These results show that surface waves cause water filtration through permeable sediments at water depths smaller than half the wavelength. We conclude that surface gravity waves constitute an important hydromechanical process that may convert large areas of the continental shelves into expansive filter systems. Surface gravity waves thereby could affect suspended particle concentration and cycling of matter in the shelf. 相似文献
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废黄河三角洲是南黄海内陆架的重要物源。为深入探索废黄河口海域沉积物输运机制,利用2015~2016年夏季与冬季在废黄河口外海域10个站位获取的现场沉积动力数据,计算潮不对称参数、余流、悬沙输运量等。分析结果表明,废黄河口海域沉积物输运模式存在显著的空间差异,大部分海域悬沙沿等深线向南输运,仅在近岸侧局部悬沙向岸或向北输运、离岸最远处站位向北输运但输运率较小;近岸浅水海域以平流输沙为主,其他离岸区域以再悬浮作用为主。由于流速和悬沙浓度之间的相位差,导致余流(净水输运)方向与净悬沙输运方向存在差异。研究沉降速度与悬沙输运涨落潮不对称的关系,发现沉降速度越大,悬沙输运的不对称性就越显著;沉降速度是造成近底部流速与悬沙浓度相位差的主要原因,导致废黄河口外净悬沙输运存在显著的垂向差异。 相似文献
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陈瑞祥 《海洋学报(英文版)》1982,1(2):289-298
The present paper studies the seasonal change, quantitative variation and distributional patterns of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of the Taiwan Straits and their relationship with various environmental factors, especially those of the movement, intensification and decay and interaction of different water systems.Except for some study of Ostracqda in the Straits[14], ours is based on the samples of planktonic Ostracoda and field hydrological and chemical data collected during the two comprehensive investigations (Oct. 1961-Sept. 1962 (no data for July, 1962) 23°16′-24°15′ N, 117°16′-118°13′E and March, 1963-Feb. 1964, 24°34′-25°43′ N, 118°46′-119°52′ E).The total amounts of planktonic Ostracoda along the western coast of Taiwan Straits show evident seasonal variations with greater amounts in summer and autumn. The yearly maximum appeared in October and subpeaks in May and August. The quantity of the animal was lowest from January to April.There are all together 17 species 相似文献
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冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物中的放射虫 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
1992年7月“向阳红16号”海洋调查船利用大洋50型抓斗在冲绳海槽中部（25°30’－30°N,125°－129°E）区域内获取表层沉积物样品88个。表层沉积物中的放射虫定量分析结果表明;愈近海槽放射虫的数量及属、种丰度值愈高,西侧槽坡离开槽区越远,放射虫数量及属种越渐少。而东侧槽被放射虫数量则表现了高、低值成点状分布的格局。表层沉积物中两大类放射虫的百分含量分别为泡沫虫约占87％,罩笼虫约占13％。另外根据分析结果,把本区分为3个小的沉积区：陆坡上部沉积区;陆被下部沉积区;海槽底部沉积区。 相似文献
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利用近20年来长江口地区的美国陆地卫星Landsat TM和ETM影像反演得到了长江口海区表层悬沙分布遥感解译系列图,讨论了长江口表层悬沙的空间分布特征、潮汐变化对泥沙分布的影响、三峡工程对泥沙分布的影响及河口径流量和输沙量对泥沙分布的影响等;描述了长江口海区洪枯季的表层悬沙扩散外界和高浑浊水域范围的变化趋势,并分析了... 相似文献
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Based on the measured data in recent 20 years, the variation trends of the median grain size of the surface sediment, the sand-silt boundary and the mud area on the adjacent continental shelf of the Yangtze Estuary were analyzed in depth, and the effects of natural mechanism and human activities were discussed. The results show that:(1) In recent years(2006-2013), the median grain size of sediment and the distribution pattern of grouped sediments in the adjacent continental shelf area to the Yangtze Estuary have presented no obvious change compared with those before 2006;(2) The median diameter of the surface sediment in the continental shelf area displayed a coarsening trend with the decrease of sediment discharge from the basin and the drop in suspended sediment concentration in the shore area;(3) In 2004-2007, the sand-silt boundary in the north part(31°30′N) of the continental shelf area presented no significant changes, while that in the south part(31°30′S) moved inwards; In 2008-2013, both the sand-silt boundaries in the north and south parts of the continental shelf area moved inwards, mainly due to the fact that in the dry season, a relatively enhanced hydrodynamic force of the tides was generated in the Yangtze River, as well as a decreased suspended sediment concentration and a flow along the banks in North Jiangsu;(4) The mud area where the maximum deposition rate is found in the Yangtze Estuary, tends to shrink due to the drop in sediment discharge from the basin, and the decrease in suspended sediment concentration in the shore area and erosion in the delta. Moreover, it tended to shift to the south at the same time because the implement of the training works on the deep-water channel of the North Passage changed the split ratio between the North and South Passages with an increase in the power of the discharged runoff in the South Passage. 相似文献
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三峡水库2003年蓄水对长江悬沙中值粒径的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江三峡水库分别在2003-06-01~06-10和10-25~11-05 2次蓄水,坝前水位分别达到135m和139m(吴淞高程)。通过三峡大坝上下游长江干流主要水文控制站(寸滩、宜昌、沙市、汉口和大通)蓄水后(2003~2005)的年均悬沙中值粒径分别与多年平均值以及蓄水前一年(2002)实测值相比较,分析了三峡水库2003年蓄水对长江悬沙中值粒径的影像。结果显示,与2002年和多年平均值相比,寸滩、宜昌、汉口和大通站蓄水后(2003~2005)年均悬沙中值粒径偏小,而沙市站明显偏大。这很可能说明,三峡水库蓄水引起大量泥沙特别是粗颗粒泥沙在库区落淤,从三峡大坝下泻的非正常清水,导致宜昌站至沙市站之间的长江河道遭受到严重冲刷,从该段河道冲刷起来的粗颗粒泥沙随着变小的河道坡降和河水流速,又逐渐沉降在沙市和汉口之间的河道。这些结果有助于决策者更好地管理三峡水库以及各行业学者更好地了解三峡水库蓄水带来的影响。 相似文献
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In this paper the distributional patterns of fern spores are discussed based on 132 surface sediment samples and core samples of 48 sites taken from the outer shelf of the East China Sea and part area of the southern Huanghai Sea, which covers the area between Lat. 26°30′-34° N and Long. 123°-128°E. In general the content of fern spore in the surficial sediments increases from west to east of the area studied. The greatest abundance occurs at the nearby Long. 126° E and then progressively decreases eastwards. There is a decrease tendency in abundance of fern spores from north to south. In the cores, the abundance of fern spores decreases from the upper part to the lower part. The changes in the composition of fern spores are corresponding to their abundance.From the study of fern spores it has been shown that the sporo-pollen assemblage of the Holocene in a given area is mainly composed of fern spores. Thus, the boundary between the Holocene to the Pleistocene in the area studied can be recognized 相似文献