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1.
北太平洋经向翻转环流(NPMOC)是北太平洋所有经向翻转环流圈的总称。其中,热带环流圈(TC)、副热带环流圈(STC)和深层热带环流圈(DTC)位于北太平洋热带-副热带海域,是该海域经向物质和能量交换的重要通道。基于NEMO模式分别对TC、STC和DTC经向流量的季节变化特征和机理进行了模拟研究,驱动场增强和减弱情况下的敏感性试验表明,风应力是TC和STC南、北向输送以及DTC南向输送季节变化的主要影响因素,而热通量和淡水通量的影响较小;风应力和热盐通量季节变化情况下的敏感性试验表明,TC和STC的南、北向输送以及DTC的南向输送主要是由风应力的季节振荡引起的,而热通量和淡水通量的影响较小。 相似文献
2.
北太平洋经向翻转环流(NPMOC)是北太平洋所有经向翻转环流圈的总称,拥有5个环流圈结构.其中,热带环流圈(TC)、副热带环流圈(STC)和深层热带环流圈(DTC)位于北太平洋热带-副热带海域,是该海域间经向物质和能量交换的重要通道.主要运用NEMO模式对这3个经向翻转环流圈的年际变化特征和机理进行了研究.结果表明,TC、STC和DTC的经向流量都具有显著的年际变化特征:在El Nio期间,TC的南、北向流量均减弱,STC的北向流量增强、南向流量减弱,DTC的南向流量减弱;而在La Nia期间则相反.敏感性试验表明,在风应力强迫下得到的TC、STC南、北向流量和DTC南向流量的年际变化特征都很显著,并与在风应力、热通量和淡水通量共同强迫下得到的结果非常一致;而仅在热通量和淡水通量的强迫下,各分支流量的年际变化均较小.由此可见,风场驱动是引起北太平洋经向翻转环流年际变化的主要驱动因素,而热通量和淡水通量的影响却较小. 相似文献
3.
太平洋内部副热带-热带经向翻转环流(subtropical-tropical cell,STC)是连接热带和副热带的海洋通道.由于以往海洋观测资料的匮乏,前人多利用海洋模式数据进行研究,且仅限于沿单一纬度上的STC的分析,较少涉及沿不同纬度的STC的季节变异规律.利用地转海洋学实时观测阵(array for real-... 相似文献
4.
为了弄清北太平洋水入侵南海的状况,利用历史观测温-盐数据等资料对其进行了分析。结果表明:在盐度极大值层北太平洋水通过吕宋海峡的入侵整年发生,并且其入侵有很大的季节变化,冬季东北季风盛行时最强。北太平洋热带水(NPTW)入侵的季节变化与次表层地转流和南海的经向翻转环流结构有密切联系。具有盐度极小值特性的北太平洋中层水(NPIW)也通过吕宋海峡入侵南海,但其季节变化与NPTW完全反位相。冬季,由于在中层水深度北向运动的南海经向翻转环流的阻碍作用,NPIW入侵南海最弱。作者认为,北太平洋水入侵南海的机制可以基本上从南海的地转流及经向翻转环流得到解释。 相似文献
5.
本文利用大洋环流模式POP研究RCP4.5情景下21世纪格陵兰冰川不同的融化速率对全球及区域海平面变化的影响。结果显示:当格陵兰冰川的融化速率以每年1%增加时,全球大部分海域的动力和比容海平面变化基本不变,主要是由于格陵兰冰川在低速融化时并不会导致大西洋经向翻转流减弱。当格陵兰冰川的融化速率以每年3%和每年7%增加时,动力海平面在北大西洋副极地、大西洋热带、南大西洋副热带和北冰洋海域呈现出显著的上升趋势,这是因为格陵兰冰川快速融化导致大量的淡水输入附近海域,造成该上层海洋层化加强和深对流减弱,导致大西洋经向翻转流显著减弱;与此同时,热比容海平面在北冰洋、格陵兰岛南部海域和大西洋副热带海域显著下降,而在热带大西洋和湾流海域明显上升;此时盐比容海平面的变化与热比容海平面是反相的,这是由于大量的低温低盐水的输入,造成北大西洋副极地海域变冷变淡、大西洋经向翻转流和热盐环流显著减弱,引起了太平洋向北冰洋的热通量和淡水通量减少,导致了北冰洋海水变冷变淡,同时热带大西洋滞留了更多的高温高盐水,随着湾流被带到北大西洋,北大西洋副极地海域低温低盐的海水,被风生环流输运到副热带海域。 相似文献
6.
基于德国Max-Planck气象研究所的最新大气海洋环流模式(ECHAM5/MPI-OM),对控制试验(control run)下热盐环流(THC)年际及年代际变化进行了分析,揭示了年代际变率的产生机制。研究表明:(1)THC年际振荡的主导周期是4 a,年代际振荡的主导周期是24 a,THC的年代际振荡信号最强,是第一主成分。(2)THC的年代际振荡机制为:首先从大西洋径向翻转环流(MOC)强度最小开始,由于MOC强度处于较弱状态,从低纬度向高纬度输送的热量偏少,副极地海区海表温度出现负异常,持续5 a之后,北大西洋副极地海区海表温度达到最大负异常。此时副极地流环中心(北大西洋)的表层海水变冷,密度增加,海表面下降,产生从副极地流环边缘指向副极地流环的中心的压强梯度力,根据地转平衡关系,北大西洋副极地海区的上层海洋会出现一个气旋式的环流异常(副极地流环得到加强),北大西洋暖流(NAC)同时得到加强。在副极地海区海表温度达到最大负异常的3 a之后,副极地流环和NAC达到最强。由此,作为NAC延伸的法鲁海峡入流水增强,更多的高盐法鲁海峡入流水进入格陵兰-冰岛-挪威海(GIN)海域,使GIN海域层结稳定性减弱。1 a后,GIN海域深层对流增强,格陵兰-苏格兰海脊溢流水增加。在GIN海域深层对流达到最强的3 a之后,MOC强度达到最大。整个状态翻转过程完成的时间大约为12 a,THC年代际振荡的整个周期大约是24 a。 相似文献
7.
The three-dimensional structure and the seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation (NPMOC) are analyzed based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data and Argo profiling float data.The NPMOC displays a multi-cell structure with four cells in the North Pacific altogether.The TC and the STC are a strong clockwise meridional cell in the low latitude ocean and a weaker clockwise meridional cell between 7°N and 18°N,respectively, while the DTC and the subpolar cell are a weaker ... 相似文献
8.
基于1951—2018年哈德里中心海温资料、美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料和第四代欧洲中心汉堡模式, 针对1994年、2018年等西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)生成异常多的年份, 研究了引起TC增加的海表温度异常(SSTA)模态及其影响机制。结果表明, 北半球热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋变冷是夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数增加的主要原因, 北大西洋负三极型式SSTA促使TC生成的进一步增加。热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋冷却在菲律宾以东激发出西风异常和气旋性环流异常。北大西洋负三极型式SSTA在我国南海、菲律宾至东南沿岸激发出气旋性环流异常。前者在西北太平洋中部, 后者在南海产生有利于TC生成的局地环境。1994年和2018年夏季热带中太平洋出现暖SSTA、印度洋为冷SSTA、北大西洋呈现负三极型式SSTA, 西北太平洋TC生成频数极端增多。近30年来, 当出现热带中太平洋增暖和印度洋冷却时, 北大西洋表现出比1989年以前更强的负三极型式SSTA, 使西北太平洋TC生成频数和北半球热带印度洋-太平洋SSTA梯度的线性相关更显著。 相似文献
9.
利用美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心 (NCEP/NCAR)再分析资料以及中国气象局发布的热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据集,本文探讨了1950–2018年期间晚春(5月)北极涛动(AO)与随后夏季(6–9月)西北太平洋上空热带气旋生成频数的关系。研究表明,晚春AO对夏季西北太平洋TC生成有明显的预报指示意义,二者之间存在显著的正相关关系。对应晚春AO指数偏高年,夏季西太平洋副热带高压主体位置偏东偏北、强度偏弱,西北太平洋上空大气低层有较强的辐合、高层辐散增强、中层水汽充足、垂直风切较弱,这些大尺度环境因子均有利于TC的生成。而在晚春AO指数偏低年,西北太平洋上空的大气环流特征与上述特征相反,造成TC生成频数偏少。进一步的分析揭示:与AO变化密切相关的北太平洋风暴轴位置的南北移动,在晚春AO与夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数二者关系中起到了关键作用。AO正位相(负位相)年,北太平洋风暴轴向北(向南)偏移,通过天气尺度波动和平均流之间的相互作用,造成后期夏季西北太平洋上空低层形成气旋性(反气旋性)涡度异常,在局地经向环流的调整作用下,西北太平洋副热带高压的位置及强度发生改变,对西北太平洋TC的形成起到了促进(抑制)作用。 相似文献
10.
热带外太平洋通过海洋过程对热带太平洋的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用MOM2海洋环流模式分别研究了年际和年代际尺度上热带外太平洋通过海洋过程对热带太平洋的影响.利用1945~1993年COADS资料的表面通量强迫海洋模式,积分46 a作为模式控制试验.取热带外太平洋海表面强迫为气候值做敏感性试验.将控制试验结果减去敏感性结果就可以得到热带外太平洋通过海洋过程对热带太平洋的影响.结果表明,年际尺度上,主要是海洋波动过程起作用,但总的海洋过程的影响较小.年代际尺度上,主要是副热带环流输送起作用,其中包括平均环流输送的温度异常以及异常环流输送的平均温度,并且后者贡献相对较大.年际和年代际尺度上,热带太平洋的温度异常主要发生在密度跃层附近.研究发现热带外南太平洋对热带和热带外太平洋之间的水量交换有影响,而热带外北太平洋的影响较弱. 相似文献
11.
In this study, we use existing observational datasets to evaluate 20th century climate simulations of the tropical Pacific. The emphasis of our work is decadal variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation, which links the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean. In observations, this circulation is characterized by equatorward geostrophic volume transport convergence in the interior ocean pycnocline across 9°N and 9°S. Historical hydrographic data indicate that there has been a decreasing trend in this convergence over the period 1953–2001 of about 11 Sverdrup (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), with maximum decade-to-decade variations of 7–11 Sv. The transport time series is highly anti-correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, implying that variations in meridional overturning circulation are directly linked to decadal variability and trends in tropical SST. These relationships are explored in 18 model simulations of 20th century climate from 14 state-of-the-art coupled climate models. Significant correlation exists between meridional volume transport convergence and tropical SST in the majority of the models over the last half century. However, the magnitude of transport variability on decadal time scales in the models is underestimated while at the same time modeled SST variations are more sensitive to that transport variability than in the observations. The effects of the meridional overturning circulation on SST trends in most the models is less clear. Most models show no trend in meridional transport convergence and underestimate the trend in eastern tropical Pacific SST. The eddy permitting MIROCH model is the only model that reasonably reproduces the observed trends in transport convergence, tropical Pacific SST, and SST gradient along the equator over the last half century. If the observed trends and those simulated in the MIROCH model are ultimately related to greenhouse gas forcing, these results suggest that the Bjerknes feedback, by affecting pycnocline transport convergences, may enhance warming that arises from anthropogenic forcing in the eastern tropical Pacific. 相似文献
12.
基于1979—2019年NCEP-DOE再分析资料、中国气象局发布的热带气旋(TC)最佳路径数据集和HadISST全球海温资料等,研究了2019年11月西北太平洋TC生成频数异常偏多的可能原因。结果表明:2019年11月西太平洋副热带高压(WPSH)强度偏强、脊线偏北,其南侧偏东气流与越赤道气流交汇形成的西北太平洋热带辐合带偏强偏北、向东延伸,为TC生成创造了低层强的辐合、高层强的辐散、小的风速垂直切变以及对流层中层充足的水汽等有利的大尺度环境条件,导致TC生成频次异常偏多、生成位置偏北偏东。采用EOF方法进行分析,发现11月东亚大槽年际变化的第二模态为南北反位相型分布,对应的第二特征向量(PC2)与WPSH脊线指数具有高度一致性,且与同期西北太平洋上空TC生成频数呈显著的正相关关系。即当11月东亚大槽北部加深而南部变浅时,对应WPSH脊线偏北,TC生成频数偏多,表明深秋季节西风带槽脊活动对西北太平洋TC生成有一定的调制作用。进一步的诊断分析揭示了北太平洋海温异常可能是造成东亚大槽经向偶极子型变异的重要因子。 相似文献
13.
A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is carried out to reveal the relationship between the interannual variation of track and intensity of the western North Pacific tropical cyclones (WNPTCs) in the tropical cyclone (TC) active season (July-November) and the global net air-sea heat flux (Q net ) in the preceding season (April-June). For this purpose, a tropical cyclone track and intensity function (TIF) is defined by a combination of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index and a cyclone track densit... 相似文献
14.
The WOCE-era 3-D Pacific Ocean circulation and heat budget 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A.M. Macdonald S. Mecking P.E. Robbins J.M. Toole G.C. Johnson L. Talley M. Cook S.E. Wijffels 《Progress in Oceanography》2009,(4):281-325
To address questions concerning the intensity and spatial structure of the three-dimensional circulation within the Pacific Ocean and the associated advective and diffusive property flux divergences, data from approximately 3000 high-quality hydrographic stations collected on 40 zonal and meridional cruises have been merged into a physically consistent model. The majority of the stations were occupied as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), which took place in the 1990s. These data are supplemented by a few pre-WOCE surveys of similar quality, and time-averaged direct-velocity and historical hydrographic measurements about the equator.An inverse box model formalism is employed to estimate the absolute along-isopycnal velocity field, the magnitude and spatial distribution of the associated diapycnal flow and the corresponding diapycnal advective and diffusive property flux divergences. The resulting large-scale WOCE Pacific circulation can be described as two shallow overturning cells at mid- to low latitudes, one in each hemisphere, and a single deep cell which brings abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean into the Pacific where they upwell across isopycnals and are returned south as deep waters. Upwelling is seen to occur throughout most of the basin with generally larger dianeutral transport and greater mixing occurring at depth. The derived pattern of ocean heat transport divergence is compared to published results based on air–sea flux estimates. The synthesis suggests a strongly east/west oriented pattern of air–sea heat flux with heat loss to the atmosphere throughout most of the western basins, and a gain of heat throughout the tropics extending poleward through the eastern basins. The calculated meridional heat transport agrees well with previous hydrographic estimates. Consistent with many of the climatologies at a variety of latitudes as well, our meridional heat transport estimates tend toward lower values in both hemispheres. 相似文献
15.
北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘秦玉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(5):689-696,i002
北太平洋副热带环流的变化在全球气候变化和热量的经向输送中占重要地位。本文对近10年有关北太平洋副热带海洋环流气候变化的研究进行了综述。主要研究成果有：用卫星高度计首次观测到全球海洋Rossby波的传播特征；确定了气候意义下北太平洋副热带逆流为2支．揭示了其中一支与北太平洋模态水的存在有关，另一支是夏威夷群岛附近海洋．大气-陆地相互作用的结果；首次发现了台湾以东黑潮流量有显著的准100天振荡等。本文还提出了在北太平洋副热带环流研究中目前存在的新科学问题。 相似文献
16.
Recent changes in the North Atlantic circulation simulated with eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving ocean models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert Marsh Beverly A. de Cuevas Andrew C. Coward Julien Jacquin Joel J.-M. Hirschi Yevgeny Aksenov A.J. George Nurser Simon A. Josey 《Ocean Modelling》2009,28(4):226-239
Three eddy-permitting (1/4°) versions and one eddy-resolving (1/12°) version of the OCCAM ocean model are used to simulate the World Ocean circulation since 1985. The first eddy-permitting simulation has been used extensively in previous studies, and provides a point of reference. A second, improved, eddy-permitting simulation is forced in the same manner as the eddy-resolving simulation, with a dataset based on a blend of NCEP re-analysis and satellite data. The third eddy-permitting simulation is forced with a different dataset, based on the ERA-40 re-analysis data. Inter-comparison of these simulations in the North Atlantic clarifies the relative importance of resolution and choice of forcing dataset, for simulating the mean state and recent variability of the basin-scale circulation in that region. Differences between the first and second eddy-permitting simulations additionally reveal an erroneous influence of sea ice on surface salinity, dense water formation, and the meridional overturning circulation. Simulations are further evaluated in terms of long-term mean ocean heat transport at selected latitudes (for which hydrographic estimates are available) and sea surface temperature errors (relative to observations). By these criteria, closest agreement with observations is obtained for the eddy-resolving simulation. In this simulation, there is also a weak decadal variation in mid-latitudes, with heat transport strongest, by around 0.2 PW, in the mid-1990s. In two of the eddy-permitting simulations, by contrast, heat transport weakens through the study period, by up to 0.4 PW in mid-latitudes. The most notable changes of heat transport in all simulations are linked to a weakening of the subpolar gyre, rather than changes in the meridional overturning circulation. It is concluded that recent changes in the structure of mid-latitude heat transport in the North Atlantic are more accurately represented if eddies are explicitly resolved. 相似文献
17.
18.
The seasonal variation of undercurrent and temperature in the equatorial Pacific jointly derived from buoy measurement and assimilation analysis 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Based on the TOGA-TAO buoy chain observed data in the equatorial Pacific and the assimilation analysis results from SODA(simple ocean data assimilation analysis), the role of the meridional cells in the subsurface of the tropical Pacific was discussed. It was found that, the seasonal varying direction of EUC (the quatorial Undercurrent)in the Peacific is westwards beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific in the boreal spring. The meridional cell south of the equator plays important role on this seasonal change of EUC.On the other hand, although the varying direction is westwards,the seasonal variation of temperature in the same region gets its minimum values in the boreal autumn beginning from the eastern equatorial Pacific.The meridional cell north of the equator is most responsible for the seasonal temperature variation in the eastern equatorial Pacific while the meridional cell south of the equator mainly controls the seasonal temperature change in the central Pacific. It is probably true that the asymmetry by the equator is an important factor influencing the seasonal cycle of EUC and temperature in the tropical Pacific. 相似文献
19.
North Pacific Intermediate Water: Progress in SAGE (SubArctic Gyre Experiment) and Related Projects 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Ichiro Yasuda 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(2):385-395
We survey the recent progress in studies of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in SAGE (SubArctic Gyre Experiment), including
important results obtained from related projects. Intensive observations have provided the transport distributions relating
to NPIW and revealed the existence of the cross-wind-driven gyre Oyashio water transport that flows directly from the subarctic
to subtropical gyres through the western boundary current as well as the diffusive contribution across the subarctic front.
The anthropogenic CO2 transport into NPIW has been estimated. The northern part of NPIW in the Transition Domain east of Japan is transported to
the Gulf of Alaska, feeding the mesothermal (intermediate temperature maximum) structure in the North Pacific subarctic region
where deep convection is restricted by the strong halocline maintained by the warm and salty water transport originating from
NPIW. This heat and salt transport is mostly balanced by the cooling and freshening in the formation of dense shelf water
accompanied by sea-ice formation and convection in the Okhotsk Sea. Intensive observational and modeling studies have substantially
altered our view of the intermediate-depth circulation in the North Pacific. NPIW circulations are related to diapycnal-meridional
overturning, generated around the Okhotsk Sea due to tide-induced diapycnal mixing and dense shelf water formation accompanied
by sea-ice formation in the Okhotsk Sea. This overturning circulation may possibly explain the direct cross-gyre transport
through the Oyashio along the western boundary from the subarctic to subtropical gyres.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献