共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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以新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组煤层为研究对象,采用成因参数法和煤相图解方法,同时结合沉积学方法进行煤岩、煤相分析,探讨泥炭沼泽类型及其演化规律。煤相参数研究显示,B1、B11、B21和B2煤层煤相总体为偏干燥的湿地森林和湿地森林沼泽,B12、B3和B4-5煤层总体为干燥森林沼泽;垂向上B1、B2、B3、B31和B6煤表现出显著的由湿地森林沼泽或偏干燥的湿地森林沼泽向干燥森林沼泽演化,反映覆水程度逐渐变浅,泥炭沼泽表面逐渐趋于干燥,表明成煤期泥炭堆积速率与基底的相对沉降速率持平或略高于基底沉降速率。 相似文献
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在研究神木煤田２＾－２煤层煤岩特征的基础上，划分了三种泥炭沼泽类型，即开阔水体草本沼泽、陆地森林沼泽和潮湿森林沼泽。泥炭沼泽由三角洲平原上的浅水湖泊演化而来并经历了三个演化阶段。成煤植物早期以草本为主，中期和后期以木本为主。森林火灾和洪泛事件在中期最为频繁。 相似文献
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内蒙古是我国非常重要的后备煤炭资源基地,煤层大多聚集在白垩纪断陷盆地中,其中,五间房含煤盆地煤炭资源丰富。通过对该盆地东南部3个钻孔57件煤样的煤岩学和煤化学分析,探讨了煤层的煤质特征、煤相类型及其演化规律。研究结果表明:本区煤层以低—中高灰、高挥发分产率和低—特低硫为特征;具有较高的镜/惰比和结构保存指数;煤相类型主要为潮湿森林沼泽相,自下而上,成煤泥炭沼泽覆水程度总体有所加深,上部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐加深的水进型特征,下部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐变浅的水退型特征。 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱（XFS）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）等方法测定了大同煤田塔山井田太原组5号煤的宏观煤岩类型、显微煤岩类型和地球化学参数,探讨了煤的煤岩学、煤地球化学及煤相特征,系统地分析了煤层的原始成煤泥炭沼泽环境及演化规律。研究结果表明,5号煤层有4种煤相类型,即湖沼相、泥炭沼泽相、潮湿森林沼泽相和较干燥森林沼泽相,相应表现为湖泊、障壁岛后潟湖、上三角洲平原和洪泛盆地含煤沉积体系特征。煤层自下而上存在5次比较明显的沉积旋回韵律,与之相随的水介质环境也发生了相应的海陆、咸水、淡水交替变化,从而形成了一套以陆相为主、海陆交互的成煤泥炭沼泽环境,沉积环境逐渐从海相、海陆过渡相向陆相演化。 相似文献
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泥炭沼泽的形成可分为水域泥炭沼泽化和陆地泥炭沼泽化两大类。泥炭沼泽可分为低位泥炭沼泽、中位泥炭沼泽和高位泥炭沼泽。由泥炭沼泽发育的内在聚集规律所决定,泥炭沼泽形成后,可由低位泥炭沼泽经中位泥炭沼泽发展至高位泥炭沼泽。研究泥炭沼泽的形成和演化,对剖析泥炭层的生成以及成分和性质,具有实际意义;对分析成泥炭时的古气候和环境乃至构造活动的稳定性,也有一定的意义。 相似文献
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古泥炭沼泽是煤聚集的主要场所,也是含煤地层沉积过程的重要环节.煤相及相关地球化学特征,是指示古泥炭沼泽条件的重要标志.为此,本文以山西北部安太堡上石炭统太原组11号煤层为例,在煤相研究的基础上,结合地球化学研究,从沼泽水体动力条件、盐度和氧化还原性三方面,对煤相及其古泥炭沼泽的发育过程进行了精细研究.结果显示,其演化具有4个特点.第一,煤相包括5种类型,即障壁岛-泻湖低位沼泽相(A)、下三角洲平原低位沼泽相(B)、上三角洲平原低位沼泽相(C)、上三角洲平原潮湿森林沼泽相(D)和山前冲积平原干燥森林沼泽相(E).第二,煤相发育过程经历了7个演化阶段,每一阶段均为半旋回,旋回内部的演化具有跳跃性,揭示泥炭沼泽水面可能发生过脉动式上升.第三,古泥炭沼泽起始于海进作用,发展于缓慢海退的沉积背景,结束于快速海进事件,整个地质过程明显受到海水入侵的影响,其间沼泽水体的盐度和还原程度呈逐渐降低的趋势,水动力趋于增强,沼泽类型从以A相和B相为主演化为以D相和E相为主.第四,古泥炭沼泽发育期间的海退过程由一系列次级快速海进或海退事件构成,呈现出波动式海退的特征,导致泥炭沼泽类型呈跳跃式演化.最后,该期间最大一次快速海进事件的到来(第Ⅶ阶段),结束了古泥炭沼泽整个发育历史. 相似文献
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黄河北煤田煤系广泛发育潮坪沉积体系,通过对其沉积特征及沉积模式的研究,认为潮坪沉积体系主要包括潮道（潮沟或潮渠）、泥坪、沙坪、砂泥混合坪及潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽相等沉积相类型,其特征是砂泥比值较高,沉积厚度大,为含煤地层发育提供物质基础;在沉积环境演化方面与整个鲁西南地区沉积特征相似,整体为海水逐渐衰退的过程;在潮坪沼泽和潮坪泥炭沼泽中形成含硫量相对较高的煤层与海平面的变化密不可分,潮坪沉积物中发育的10煤、8煤、7煤、6煤等与潮坪泥炭沼泽沉积在该区分布特点具有一致性,由此可知,潮坪沉积体系的沉积物与煤层形成特点和形成规律有着密切关系,为研究区成煤作用研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat type translates into coal type, and coal types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat type.The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere.From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to coal type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, coal type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed. 相似文献
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早期煤化作用机制与有机质早期成烃演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来，未熟和低熟油气田的发现、生物气藏的勘探和开发，极大地促进了对有机质早期转变的研究；而有机质早期转变机制的正确认识对于煤和干酪根中显微组分的成因、后期热演化都有着重要的影响。对早期煤化作用机制和有机质早期成烃作用的研究现状、进展及存在的问题进行了综述。 相似文献
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Occurrence and morphology of pyrite in Bulgarian coals 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Coals with different degrees of coalification (ranging from lignite to anthracite) from seven Bulgarian coal basins have been investigated. The forms of pyrite and their distribution have been established. The types found are: massive pyrite, represented by the homogeneous, cluster-like and microconcretionary varieties; framboidal pyrite, appearing in inorganic and bacterial forms; euhedral pyrite, which is either isolated or clustered; anhedral pyrite, in its infilling and replacement varieties; and infiltrational pyrite, as a replacement or infilling mineral.Most of the forms of the euhedral, framboidal and massive pyrite developed during peat deposition. The anhedral replacement pyrite formed in the peat bed during early diagenesis. Infiltrational pyrite filled fractures and cleats formed during the diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis.Both similarities and differences with respect to the distribution of the pyrite types have been determined between coals of different ranks from Bulgarian coal basins. These differences are due to: the presence of Fe and S in the rocks adjacent to ancient peat bogs; the activities of ground and surface waters which brought Fe and S into the peat bogs; the geochemical character (pH and Eh) of the peat bogs and the sulphur bacteria development; and the tectonic situation during diagenesis, catagenesis and metagenesis. 相似文献
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The authors deal with problems of the origin of peat in the territory of the West Siberian Lowland where Holocene processes are sufficiently widespread to be representative of this world-wide phenomenon. Here, for example, are found the most extensive peat bogs of the Earth. The authors deal with the stratigraphy of these peat bogs and the reconstruction of Holocene conditions in the West Siberian Lowland. The development of peat bogs has considerably modified landscape features since the retreat of the last glaciation, i.e., during the last 10,000 to 11,000 years. The peat bogs began to develop simultaneously in thousands of depressions after the ice cover had melted. Later they merged into vast peaty bog regions. Without any intervention by man the peat bogs will cover all of Western Siberia in the course of several thousands of years. The development of extensive peat bogs is due to an irregular advance of floods on Siberian rivers which leads to a rise in the water level on tributaries of great rivers and to a retardation of the discharge of flood waves In the conclusion the authors point to the problems of economic use of swampy regions and to questions of land reclamation that must be answered before economic use of the territory (mainly in connection with extensive oil and gas deposits in these regions) can be fully effective. 相似文献
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贵州大方县白布勘探区煤系地层龙潭组为海陆交互相沉积,厚度177～211m,含煤21～36层,煤层总厚18.04～30.29m,可采煤层6层。根据岩性、岩相特征自下而上分为3段,下段为潟湖—潮坪相沉积,并在大部分地区形成泥炭沼泽,形成了可采的33、28号煤层;中段为三角洲相,泥岩沼泽相多在三角洲分流河道间的湖沼区及湖波浪带基础上发育而成,煤层层位稳定,厚度不大;上段为潮坪三角洲相,该期构造活动趋于平稳,形成的煤层层位稳定,厚度大,6中煤0.39～6.88m,7号煤0～3.09m。三段厚度比较接近,反映该区晚二叠世期间地壳沉降均衡。沉积环境差异是本区成煤条件的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of field geophysical testing and laboratory testing of peat from Carn Park and Roosky raised bogs in the Irish Midlands. The motivation for the work was highlight the importance of these areas and to begin to attempt to understand the reasons for the failure of the bogs despite them having surface slopes of some 1°. It was found that the peat is typical of that of Irish raised bogs being up to 8 m thick towards the “high” dome of the bogs. The peat is characterised by low density, high water content, high organic content, low undrained shear strength and high compressibility. The peat is also relatively permeable at in situ stress. Geophysical electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar data shows a clear thinning of the peat in the area of the failures corresponding to a reduction in volume from dewatering by edge drains/peat harvesting. This finding is supported by detailed water content measurements. It was also shown that the peat base topography is relatively flat and indicates that the observed surface movement has come from within the peat rather than from the material below the peat. Potential causes of the failures include conventional slope instability, the effect of seepage forces or the release of built-up gas in the peat mass. Further measurements are required in order to study these in more detail. 相似文献