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1.
Hukam Singh Anumeha Shukla R. C. Mehrotra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(3):268-270
A fossil fruit resembling extant Cocos nucifera of the family Arecaceae is reported for the first time from the early Eocene sediments of Gujarat. The fossil was collected from the Tarkeshwar lignite mine of the Surat District which belongs to the Cambay Shale Formation. Its occurrence indicates coastal conditions in the region during the depositional period in contrast to arid to semi-arid climate prevailing there at present. The present fossil, along with the previously published palyno-assemblages from the mine supports the equatorial position of the Indian subcontinent at the time of deposition i.e. during the early Eocene. 相似文献
2.
The Piceance Creek basin formed as a continental foreland basin ca 53 to 48 Ma in the early to middle Eocene. On a global basis, the basin contains one of the richest oil shale resources known, where the profundal oil shale deposits, kerogen‐rich mudstones (clay and carbonate), exist over most of the basin. Despite its economic importance, the evolution of the Piceance Creek basin is still somewhat unclear. Based on facies association analysis, depositional trends, and gamma ray and Fischer assay data, six evolutionary lake stages are recognized: (i) fresh lake; (ii) transitional lake; (iii) highly fluctuating lake; (iv) rising lake; (v) high lake; and (vi) closing lake. Lake stages are composed of depositional units and characterize large‐scale changes in sedimentological patterns, depositional trends and fluctuations in the oil shale richness related to changes in climate and tectonics. Lake stage evolution is also consistent with the global Eocene climate trend. Stage 1 formed prior to the Eocene climate optimum. At the beginning of the Eocene climate optimum, a saline‐restricted lake formed (Stage 2) and evolved into the highly fluctuating lake (Stage 3) indicating rapid climate changes during the peak of the Eocene climate optimum. This stage was followed by the rising and high lakes (Stages 4 and 5) after the climate optimum and during a change to a more humid climate. The closing of the lake (Stage 6) was caused by increased sand input from the north, indicating the influence of both tectonics and climate. Based on depositional trends and climate evolution, it is suggested that, during the arid climate, laterally heterogeneous highly cyclic depositional units dominate, whereas, during the humid climate, depositional units form laterally continuous sediments that can be traced over long distances. 相似文献
3.
抚顺盆地始新世古湖泊演化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过野外实测剖面及室内测试分析等方法,对始新世断陷盆地抚顺盆地的古湖泊开展研究,其主要目的是揭示始新世—渐新世全球变冷气候在大陆的响应。野外岩性、相标志及岩石薄片分析表明,抚顺盆地始新统沉积相演化规律主要表现从湖沼亚相—浅湖亚相—半深湖亚相—深湖亚相—半深湖亚相—浅湖亚相,水体深度变化总体表现为由浅—深—浅的过程。借助B、Mn、Ti、Co、Cr、Ni、V等微量元素含量以及Sr/Ba、V/（V+Ni）、Ni/Co、ωFe2O3/ωFeO〖JP2〗等元素和氧化物比值分析,得出抚顺盆地从始新世早期到晚期气候发生了明显的变化,始新世早期主要为湿润的成煤气候,始新世中期的计军屯组则显示了半湿润气候,到了始新世的中晚期则出现了干燥的气候条件,形成了半咸水—咸水的一套泥灰岩与泥页岩互层的干旱气候演化。总体有从始新世向渐新世,气候由湿润向干燥变化的规律。 相似文献
4.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101457
The Burma Terrane has yielded some of the earliest pieces of evidence for monsoonal rainfall in the Bay of Bengal. However, Burmese ecosystems and their potential monsoonal imprint remain poorly studied. This study focuses on the late Eocene Yaw Formation (23° N) in central Myanmar, which was located near the equator (c. 5° N) during the Eocene. We quantitatively assessed the past vegetation, climate, and depositional environments with sporomorph diagrams, bioclimatic analysis, and sequence biostratigraphy. We calculated the palynological diversity and drew inferences with rarefaction analysis by comparing with four other middle to late Eocene tropical palynofloras. Palynological results highlight a high floristic diversity for the palynoflora throughout the section formed by six pollen zones characterized by different vegetation. They indicate that lowland evergreen forests and swamps dominated in the Eocene Burmese deltaic plains while terra firma areas were occupied by seasonal evergreen, seasonally dry, and deciduous forests. This vegetation pattern is typical to what is found around the Bay of Bengal today and supports a monsoon-like climate at the time of the Yaw Formation. Bioclimatic analysis further suggests that in the late Eocene, the Yaw Formation was more seasonal, drier, and cooler compared to modern-day climate at similar near-equatorial latitude. More seasonal and drier conditions can be explained by a well-marked seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), driver of proto-monsoonal rainfall. Cooler temperatures in the late Eocene of central Myanmar may be due to the lack of adequate modern analogues for the Eocene monsoonal climate, while those found at other three Eocene Asian paleobotanical sites (India and South China) may be caused by the effect of canopy evapotranspirational cooling. Our data suggest that paleoenvironmental change including two transgressive–regressive depositional sequences is controlled by global sea level change, which may be driven by climate change and tectonics. The high diversity of the Yaw Formation palynoflora, despite well-marked seasonality, is explained by its crossroads location for plant dispersals between India and Asia. 相似文献
5.
始新世中晚期是东亚地区古近纪气候的关键转变期,其古气候演化过程及影响因素非常复杂。以往主要是依据中国中西部地区的沉积资料对这一时期的古气候演化进行研究,但是中国东部缺少广泛分布的沉积地层证据,使得这一时期的古气候演化仍然是争论的焦点。位于中国东部的东营凹陷中晚始新世发育有一套连续的红层—膏盐层—湖相泥岩沉积序列,对古气候变化非常敏感。以东营凹陷Hk1井沙四段为研究对象,综合利用沉积学资料和Na/Al比值、化学变化指数（CIW’）等地球化学指标,探讨了其中晚始新世古气候演化特征及其意义。研究表明:中国东部中晚始新世气候演化分为五个阶段,其中,第1~3阶段古气候变化与中国中西部古气候变化基本一致,即长周期的干冷趋势中出现一个短暂的急剧变暖过程（MECO）;第4~5阶段古气候演化与中国中西部古气候变化趋势出现明显差异。第4阶段沉积时期,中国东部古气候变得湿润,纬向分带古气候开始格局被打破;第5阶段时期,古气候整体转变为东湿西干的气候格局,东亚季风开始盛行并成为中国东部地区气候的主导因素。 相似文献
6.
WANG Daning 《Continental Dynamics》1999,(2)
1.IntroductionTheYuanquBasinisoneoftheearliestst-UdiedCenozoicinlandbasinsinChina.Duetotheabun-dantmammalfossilsexcavatedfromthePaleogenestrataofthebasin,especiallythecompIeteandsuc-cessivestrataaswellasvariousabundantmammalfossilsofLateEocene,whichprovidesasufficientfoundationforthedeterminationofstratigraphicalage,itisregardedasaremarkablecriterionforcor-relationwithotherbasins.TheYuanquBasinIiesatthesouthemmarginoftheNofthChinaplatform,theFigurel.1ndexmapshowingthelocationoftheYuanqu… 相似文献
7.
江汉盆地始新世中、晚期古气候定量重建初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据江汉盆地明钾1孔中、晚始新统系统的孢粉资料, 应用化石孢子花粉亲缘植物的生态位估算孢粉组合所反映的古气候特征.气候参数曲线的变化趋势显示江汉盆地始新世中期气候参数与现今北纬2 2°~ 2 6°的数值相接近, 为中-南亚热带湿润半湿润气候.晚期气温较前期低1~ 4℃, 相当于现今北纬2 3°~ 2 8°处的数值, 为北-中亚热带气候.但是, 气候构型与现今截然不同, 具有气温高、年较差小、降水波动大的特点.始新世中期1月均温比今高5~ 9℃, 表明冬季风作用尚不明显, 晚期略显冬季风的影响.气候的降温发生在孔深2 10 0m处, 主要表现为1月均温的下降和年较差增长, 因而孢粉组合中落叶阔叶树种增多.年降水量波动强烈, 一般于30 0~ 170 0mm之间, 这有利于盐类矿物的迁移和堆积.降水量低于10 0 0mm时, 麻黄灌木花粉增多, 且与膏盐堆积深度相一致.高山深盆的干热环境是本区盐类矿物沉积的主要原因, 年降水量波动强烈且偏低, 有利于盐类的持续堆积, 从而有别于现今西北地区的盐类堆积. 相似文献
8.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｌｅｏｃｌｉｍａｔｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｓｔｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ ,ａｎｄａｎｅｆ ｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｏｏｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｐａｌｅｏｃｌｉ ｍａｔｅｉｓｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐｏｒｅ ｐｏｌｌｅｎｄａｔａ .ＴｈｅｍａｉｎｐｅｒｉｏｄｔｈｕｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｗａｓｔｈｅＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙｉｎｓｔｅ… 相似文献
9.
The molecular composition of fossil resins from early to middle Eocene coal from northeast India, has been analyzed for the first time to infer their paleobotanical source. The soluble component of fossil resin was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The resin extracts are composed of cadalene-based C15 sesquiterpenoids and diagenetically altered triterpenoids. The macromolecular composition was investigated using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The major pyrolysis products are C15 bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, alkylated naphthalenes, benzenes and a series of C17–C34 n-alkene-n-alkane pairs. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the dominance of aliphatic components. The presence of cadalene-based sequiterpenoids confirms the resin to be Class II or dammar resin, derived from angiosperms of Dipterocarpaceae family. These sesquiterpenoids are often detected in many SE Asian fluvio-deltaic oils. Dipterocarpaceae are characteristic of warm tropical climate suggesting the prevalence of such climate during early Eocene in northeast India. 相似文献
10.
Hydrological dynamics of sedimentary basins are essential for understanding regional climatic pattern in the geological past. In previous qualitative studies lithologically depending on the occurrence of featured sedimentary rocks, the Eocene climate of China had been subdivided into three latitudinal zones, with one subtropical high-controlled arid zone throughout middle China, and two humid zones respectively in the north and south. However, recent advances on mammalian fauna distribution, plant fossil-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction, and modeling experiment jointly suggest that the relatively humid monsoonal climate might have prevailed over the territory. Here we examine and compare sedimentary sequences of 10 Eocene sections across eastern China, and hence the lake level fluctuations, to discuss the nature of climate type. Our results show that, instead of the categorically zonal pattern, the hydroclimate dynamics is intensified landward. This is demonstrated by the fact that, in contrast to the wide developed coal layers around the periphery, evaporites are growingly occurred endocentrically to the central part of middle China. However, although we have had assumed that all evaporites are indicator of extreme aridity, the highly oscillated climate in the central part of middle China was humid in the majority of the Eocene, distinct from permanent arid as seen in deserts or steppe along modern horse latitude. From the upcountry distribution pattern of the Eocene hydrological dynamics, it appears that the relatively dry climate in central China was caused by the impact of continentality or rain shadow effect under monsoonal, or monsoon-like climate. 相似文献
11.
12.
The Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ≈1.5 Ma back to ≈56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system. 相似文献
13.
James Barnet 《Geology Today》2023,39(2):54-61
Palaeogene sediments of the Hampshire Basin were a sensitive recorder of fluctuations in climate and eustatic sea level as Earth's climate transitioned from the global early Eocene ‘hothouse’ to the early Oligocene ‘coolhouse’, accompanied by the first permanent continent-scale glaciation of Antarctica at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. A study of the Palaeogene sediments of the Hampshire Basin is not only interesting from a palaeoclimate perspective, but the marine middle Eocene formations are renowned for containing some of the most abundant and diverse Palaeogene fossil assemblages in the world. In this article, I take you on a tour of the geological evolution of the Hampshire Basin from the end of the Paleocene through to the Pleistocene. I highlight some of the best exposures where sediments can be studied at outcrop and representative fossil assemblages can be collected, along with the economic and archaeological significance of these Palaeogene sediments. 相似文献
14.
Christopher S. Swezey 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,53(3):89-121
This paper presents an overview of the Cenozoic stratigraphic record in the Sahara, and shows that the strata display some remarkably similar characteristics across much of the region. In fact, some lithologies of certain ages are exceptionally widespread and persistent, and many of the changes from one lithology to another appear to have been relatively synchronous across the Sahara. The general stratigraphic succession is that of a transition from early Cenozoic carbonate strata to late Cenozoic siliciclastic strata. This transition in lithology coincides with a long-term eustatic fall in sea level since the middle Cretaceous and with a global climate transition from a Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene “warm mode” to a Late Eocene–Quaternary “cool mode”. Much of the shorter-term stratigraphic variability in the Sahara (and even the regional unconformities) also can be correlated with specific changes in sea level, climate, and tectonic activity during the Cenozoic. Specifically, Paleocene and Eocene carbonate strata and phosphate are suggestive of a warm and humid climate, whereas latest Eocene evaporitic strata (and an end-Eocene regional unconformity) are correlated with a eustatic fall in sea level, the build-up of ice in Antarctica, and the appearance of relatively arid climates in the Sahara. The absence of Oligocene strata throughout much of the Sahara is attributed to the effects of generally low eustatic sea level during the Oligocene and tectonic uplift in certain areas during the Late Eocene and Oligocene. Miocene sandstone and conglomerate are attributed to the effects of continued tectonic uplift around the Sahara, generally low eustatic sea level, and enough rainfall to support the development of extensive fluvial systems. Middle–Upper Miocene carbonate strata accumulated in northern Libya in response to a eustatic rise in sea level, whereas Upper Miocene mudstone accumulated along the south side of the Atlas Mountains because uplift of the mountains blocked fluvial access to the Mediterranean Sea. Uppermost Miocene evaporites (and an end-Miocene regional unconformity) in the northern Sahara are correlated with the Messinian desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Abundant and widespread Pliocene paleosols are attributed to the onset of relatively arid climate conditions and (or) greater variability of climate conditions, and the appearance of persistent and widespread eolian sediments in the Sahara is coincident with the major glaciation in the northern hemisphere during the Pliocene. 相似文献
15.
辽宁抚顺盆地始新世古气候定量研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用德国科学家 Mosbrugger 和 Utescher 在 1997 年提出的共存分析法对辽宁抚顺盆地始新世古气候进行定量重建。通过共存分析获得的抚顺盆地始新世古气候参数为：年均温度为 14.3～19.8℃（中值为 17.05℃）,最热月均温为 24.1～27.7℃,最冷月均温为 2.5～10.9 ℃,年较差为 17.7～22.7℃,年降雨量为 803.6～1 113.3 mm (中值为 958.45 mm),最大月降雨量为 179.4～268.1 mm,最小月降雨量为 10.2～12.7 mm。与现代气候对比发现：始新世时气温较现在（7.8℃）高9.25℃,年降雨量较现在（734.5 mm）多约224 mm,始新世时属于亚热带季风气候,现今为温带季风气候。 相似文献
16.
中国晚始新世—早渐新世地层孢粉组合及其古气候特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
始新世—渐新世是从65Ma恐龙绝灭以来新生代地球历史上最重要的事件, 此时地球从“暖室”过渡到“冰室”, 全球气候突变, 南极冰首次出现, 气候突变引起生物的大绝灭, 而我国的孢粉组合也有明显的变化特征.根据我国各个区始新世晚期—渐新世早期地层中孢粉组合的演化规律来探讨当时我国的古气候变化规律, 研究认为中国从始新世晚期到渐新世早期总体上亚热带、热带植物成分丰度和分异度都降低, 温带植物如桦科和榆科花粉大增, 耐寒山地针叶植物大量发育, 干旱类型植物增加, 草本植物开始繁盛.这些反映了从始新世晚期到渐新世早期植被组成由热带亚热带常绿阔叶树为主的针阔叶林转变为落叶树为主的针阔混交林, 说明晚始新世气候温暖湿润过渡到早渐新世气候变干变冷.孢粉植物群所反映的我国气候变化趋势与全球气候变化趋势一致, 说明我国的陆地也受全球构造的演变和南极大陆冰盖的影响. 相似文献
17.
Climate‐modulated sequence development in a tropical rift basin during the Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene super greenhouse Earth 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sequence developments in rift basins are considered to be influenced largely by tectonics and to a lesser extent by eustatic sea‐level and climate. Studies indicate that in passive margin basins, climate can mask the effects of tectonics and eustasy by modulating the sediment supply. It is, however, less understood how the sedimentary sequence in rift basins might respond to strong climatic fluctuations where tectonic pulses generate rapid accommodation space. Here a case study has been provided to assess the effect of climate vis à vis sea‐level and tectonics on sequence development in the Cambay rift basin, western India, during the Early Palaeogene (Late Palaeocene to Early Eocene) super greenhouse globe. Facies analysis of this shale–lignite sequence suggests deposition in a lagoon/bay, developed over the Deccan Trap basement. Detailed sequence stratigraphic analysis using basin‐wide representative composite sections, marker lignite seam, event bed and high‐resolution carbon isotope (δ13C) chemostratigraphy suggest an overall transgressive motif. Among the three prominent Early Eocene eustatic highstands, only the one at ca 53·7 Ma is expressed by the thickest coal accumulation throughout the basin. Expression of the other sequence stratigraphic surfaces is subdued and can be due to the overall finer grain size of the sediment or local variation in the subsidence rate at different fault‐controlled mini‐basins. Enigmatic presence of a maximum flooding surface coinciding with the 53·7 Ma climate event (Eocene Thermal Maximum 2), manifested by negative carbon isotope excursion, indicates possible influence of climate over and above tectonics in developing the rift sequence. Qualitative rainfall variation assessed using the magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion and pollen abundance show that a relatively dry/low precipitation climatic phase during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 hindered the siliclastic supply to the basin. Thus, it has been inferred that climate‐induced high siliciclastic supply possibly enhanced the autocyclic reorganization and hindered the development of the key sequence stratigraphic surfaces across the basin during climate extremes. 相似文献
18.
Lower and middle Eocene ironstone sequences of the Naqb and Qazzun formations from the north‐east Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt, represent a proxy for early Palaeogene climate and sea‐level changes. These sequences represent the only Palaeogene economic ooidal ironstone record of the Southern Tethys. These ironstone sequences rest unconformably on three structurally controlled Cenomanian palaeohighs (for example, the Gedida, Harra and Ghorabi mines) and formed on the inner ramp of a carbonate platform. These palaeohighs were exposed and subjected to subaerial lateritic weathering from the Cenomanian to early Eocene. The lower and middle Eocene ironstone sequences consist of quiet water ironstone facies overlain by higher energy ironstone facies. The distribution of low‐energy ironstone facies is controlled by depositional relief. These deposits consist of lagoonal, burrow‐mottled mud‐ironstone and laterally equivalent tidal flat, stromatolitic ironstones. The agitated water ironstone facies consist of shallow subtidal–intertidal nummulitic–ooidal–oncoidal and back‐barrier storm‐generated fossiliferous ironstones. The formation of these marginal marine sequences was associated with major marine transgressive–regressive megacycles that separated by subaerial exposure and lateritic weathering. The formation of lateritic palaeosols with their characteristic dissolution and reprecipitation features, such as colloform texture and alveolar voids, implies periods of humid and warm climate followed major marine regressions. The formation of the lower to middle Eocene ironstone succession and the associated lateritic palaeosols can be linked to the early Palaeogene global warming and eustatic sea‐level changes. The reworking of the middle Eocene palaeosol and the deposition of the upper Eocene phosphate‐rich glauconitic sandstones of the overlying Hamra Formation may record the initial stages of the palaeoclimatic transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. 相似文献
19.
Clay mineral, sedimentological and geochemical data show that the northern Antarctic Peninsula (Seymour Island, La Meseta Formation) experienced a climatic deterioration from very warm, non-seasonally wet conditions at the end of the Palaeogene global optimum (early Middle Eocene ∼47 Ma) to a latest Eocene (post ∼34 Ma) regime that was cold, frost-prone and relatively dry. During the middle Middle Eocene there was an episode of strongly seasonal wet conditions, after which the climate was generally cool and humid. Overall, Eocene climatic trends in the Antarctic Peninsula mirror those recorded at ODP sites in the Southern Ocean. There is no evidence for glacial deposition on Seymour Island during either the latest Eocene (Submeseta) or the short Early Palaeocene (Sobral) cold episodes. Local Eocene climatic changes were registered by alterations in depositional and sedimentary characters of the La Meseta Formation, and reflect regional southern high latitude Palaeogene climatic mileu modulated by local tectonic events. 相似文献
20.
河南省卢氏县三角沟、大峪沟剖面位于豫西卢氏盆地中南部,涉及地层为中始新世张家村组、晚始新世卢氏组和渐新世大峪组。孢粉总体以被子植物为主,可划分为5个孢粉组合。第一组合位于张家村组上部,蒿粉、栎粉含量高;第二组合位于卢氏组下部,菌孢类含量高。前者属亚热带干热气候下的洪泛盆地沉积,后者属还原环境湿润气候下的湖泊沉积,其孢粉特征更接近于邻区中晚始新世沙河街组三段上部和二段下部孢粉特征。第三组合到第五组合分别位于大峪组二段下部、中部和上部,其中第三组合蒿粉含量高,与邻区沙河街组二段上部和一段下部孢粉特征较为相似,属于干热气候下的泛滥平原沉积。第四组合和第五组合中栎粉含量低,草本植物含量高,其特征更接近北半球渐新世晚期孢粉特征。前者菌孢类含量比第二组合低,但比其它组合高,属于静水环境下半湿润半干旱气候下的洪泛盆地沉积;后者蒿粉含量高,属于干旱气候下的河流沉积。通过孢粉分析和区域对比,进一步确定了张家村组形成于中始新世,卢氏组形成于晚始新世,大峪组形成时代为渐新世。古近纪卢氏地区的气候经历了干热-湿润-干热-半湿润半干旱-干旱的变化过程。 相似文献