草海盆地,柴窝堡湖沉积物中甾醇类的分布特征及其地球化学意义     

史继扬  林树基 《地球化学》1993,(2):179-186

在草海盆地和柴窝堡湖沉积物中分析鉴定出十几种甾醇、甾二烯醇和甾烷醇等。草海盆地生物输入以陆生高等植物为主,柴窝堡湖以浮游动、植物为主。对比二者甾醇类分布,表明高等植物贡献较多的 C_(29)甾醇,浮游生物、尤其是浮游动物贡献较多的 C_(27)甾醇和其他甾二烯醇等多种化合物;还原条件有利于甾醇转化为甾烷醇,它们在早期成岩作用阶段易于脱水产生甾烯。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地番禺低隆起轻质原油地球化学特征及其对比研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

郭小文  何生 《地质科技情报》2006,25(5):63-68

珠江口盆地番禺低隆起轻质原油的密度小于0.83 g/cm3,饱和烃质量分数高(71%～93%),不含沥青质等.从原油族组成、轻烃特征、碳同位素、生物标记化合物等方面综合分析了原油的地球化学特征.轻质原油的姥鲛烷/植烷峰面积比值高(6.1～7.4),碳同位素较重(-27.09‰～-26.48‰)、重排甾烷相对含量较高、重排甾烷/规则甾烷峰面积比值为0.65～0.95,C304-甲基甾烷相对含量较低,双环倍半萜烷相对含量较高,双环倍半萜烷/五环三萜烷峰面积比值为3.33～18.09.研究表明轻质原油的成熟度较高(镜质体反射率Ro＞1.0%),原油母岩的沉积环境为弱氧化条件,母质以陆源高等植物输入为主,细菌和藻类也有少量贡献;运用轻烃参数,金刚烷化合物、生物标记化合物的相对含量和碳同位素值及系列指标进行的油油和油源对比研究表明,轻质原油具有相同母源和成因,油源可能主要为珠江口盆地白云凹陷渐新统恩平组煤系烃源岩.  相似文献   

黔中沉积磷灰石的硫碳同位素及其地质意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈其英  封兰英 《岩石学报》1996,12(4):594-597

本文研究了黔中磷块岩中磷灰石的结构硫同位素组成。磷灰石的δ３４Ｓ值为３４．２‰～４２．４‰，它高于同期海水的δ３４Ｓ（约３４．２‰），也高于共生的成岩黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ（１５．４‰～１９．８‰），表明磷灰石形成于富有机质沉积物早期成岩作用硫酸盐还原带的最上部，其间同时伴有大量硫酸盐细菌的还原过程。磷灰石的碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ＝－３．６３‰～１．０‰），表明它含有微生物有机质分解演化而来的ＣＯ２－３，而磷灰石比胶结白云石更富集轻同位素则反映出沉积阶段生物作用的影响比成岩阶段更为明显  相似文献   

辽河西部凹陷古潜山原油及其源岩的分子碳同位素地球化学     

王春江  傅家谟  盛国英 《地球化学》2006,35(1):68-80

以辽河西部凹陷潜山带原油及其源岩为例,系统研究了正构烷烃、异戊二烯烷烃、异构与反异构及藿烷系列化合物的碳同位素组成与分布特征,探讨了其相互关系及生源-环境因素的影响。各系列化合物的分子碳同位素组成的变化具有较好的相关性,反映了沉积体系中生源-环境因素的系统变化。应用各系列分子碳同位素组成相关分析有效地区分了不同潜山带原油的油源差异。原油正构烷烃较异戊二烯烷烃碳同位素偏正0.5‰～5.0‰、姥鲛烷较植烷偏正0.4‰～1.4‰,指示了甲烷生成菌对植烷的重要贡献;C21 长链异戊二烯烷烃较植烷系列碳同位素偏正0.5‰～2.0‰,表明其生源存在差异。异构及反异构烷烃与其他系列化合物碳同位素的对比显示了蓝细菌对这类化合物的重要贡献。C31 藿烷较C30藿烷富集13C达10‰～12‰,指示其生源不同,13C强烈损耗型C30藿烷(-61.2‰～-51.8‰)主要衍生于嗜甲烷菌,它们生存于Es4期强烈分层水体中的缺氧/有氧界面。Es3油源油中正构烷烃碳同位素特别偏正,且异构、反异构烷烃及藿烷碳同位素都明显偏正,综合反映了蓝细菌的重要贡献,而干酪根碳同位素明显偏正及4-甲基甾烷相对富集指示了沟鞭藻对沉积有机质的重要贡献。  相似文献   

南海北部海马冷泉区表层沉积物的AOM生物标志化合物特征及意义          下载免费PDF全文

吴一帆  管红香  许兰芳  茅晟懿  刘磊  苏正  刘丽华 《地球科学》2022,47(8):3005-3015

选取采自南海天然气水合物赋存区海马冷泉,管状蠕虫区（ROV06站位）和贻贝区（HM101站位）的2个表层沉积物柱状样品,提取其中的生物标志化合物,对其种类和稳定碳同位素进行了测定,用以探讨海底表层沉积物中的有机质来源、微生物种群分布及其对冷泉渗漏活动的响应特征. 两个站位的沉积物中均发现了大量与甲烷厌氧氧化古菌（ANME）有关的生物标志物,如2,6,11,15?四甲基十六烷（crocetane）、2,6,10,15,19?五甲基二十烷（PMI）等类异戊二烯烃,古醇（archaeol）、sn2?羟基古醇（sn2?OH?Ar）等,以及来源于硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的异构/反异构脂肪酸iso?C₁₅和ai?C₁₅等. 这些生物标志物均具有极低的碳同位素特征（古菌生标δ13C值低至-126‰,硫酸盐还原菌生标δ13C值低至?89‰）,表明沉积物中发生了甲烷厌氧氧化作用（AOM）. ROV06和HM101站位沉积物中均检测到了crocetane,大多数sn2?羟基古醇/古醇大于1,同时ai?C₁₅/iso?C₁₅脂肪酸比值小于2,这说明两个站位沉积物中的甲烷厌氧氧化古菌主要以ANME?2/DSS为主,指示甲烷渗漏强度较强. ROV06站位的表层沉积物含有crocetane,但sn2?羟基古醇/古醇小于1,且ai?C_15/iso?C₁₅脂肪酸比值大于2.1,指示了ANME?1/DSS和ANME?2/DSS混合存在的种群特征,说明ROV06站位顶部甲烷渗漏强度有减小的趋势. 根据古菌种群ANME?2化合物对甲烷的碳同位素分馏（Δ:-50‰）及古菌生物标志物（PMI、古醇、sn2?羟基古醇）的平均δ13C值,计算得到甲烷δ13C值（-58‰~-53‰）,显示甲烷为热成因和生物成因混合气. 虽然ROV06和HM101站位的甲烷具有相近的δ13C值,但ROV06站位的SRB生物标志物比HM101站位要更加亏损13C（Δδ13C:18‰）,这可能与管状蠕虫的共生菌（硫氧化菌）吸收硫化物并释放出硫酸盐有关,因为其不断释放出的硫酸盐很可能极大地增强了甲烷厌氧氧化作用,使沉积物中含有更多13C亏损的无机碳.   相似文献   

珠江口盆地Site4B柱状沉积物中长链烷基二醇和酮醇类化合物的检出及意义     

朱小畏  孙永革  茅晟懿  管红香  吴能友 《地学前缘》2014,21(6):321-334

珠江口盆地Site4B沉积物中（65~300 cm）检出了1,15-C30（ω16）和1,15-C32（ω18）烷基二醇和酮醇,总的长链烷基二醇和酮醇含量分别为0.026～4.373 μg/g干沉积物和0.005～1.549 μg/g干沉积物。沉积物剖面上检测到的1,15-C30烷基二醇（-26.6‰±0.9‰）相对于来自陆源高等植物的C30直链烷基醇（-32.8‰±1.5‰）较正的碳同位素特征反映了这类化合物可能不是来自陆源高等植物;同时沉积物中未检出在黄绿藻中相对长链烷基二醇和酮醇更丰富的甾醇,且沉积物浅表层中（0~65 cm）未检出长链烷基二醇和酮醇类化合物,表明现今沉积物中几乎没有黄绿藻的贡献,和沉积物所处的寡营养盐（不适宜藻类生长发育）的陆坡位置相吻合。沉积物中1,15-C30烷基二醇（-24.6‰～-28.4‰）和海洋细菌来源的短链脂肪酸 (-25.5‰～-28.6‰)具有相似的碳同位素组成,表明了海洋细菌是其可靠来源。Site4B沉积物中1,15-C30和1,15-C32烷基酮醇和二醇具有非常好的相关性,表明了它们可能来自相同的生物来源或者来自相关性较好的不同生源,而不是通过对应的二醇氧化生成,因为在65~95 cm的氧化环境中酮醇比例没有明显增高。Site4B沉积物中二醇参数和酮醇参数的变化非常相似,结合含量分布特征反映了古海水温度以及淡水入侵的双重影响,即较高的二醇参数及较高的二醇含量和较低的二醇参数及较低的二醇含量都可能反映了古海水温度是主要影响因素;而较低的二醇参数及较高的二醇含量则可能反映了淡水的侵入是主要影响因素。  相似文献   

贵州铜仁高地“大塘坡式”锰矿的成矿机制——硫、碳同位素制约     

裴浩翔  李延河  付勇  占朋才 《地球学报》2020,41(5):651-662

“大塘坡式”锰矿在我国华南黔湘渝地区广泛分布, 是我国最重要的锰矿资源类型之一。它的形成与新元古代Sturtian雪球事件密切相关, 但其具体的成矿机制尚不十分清楚, 还存在许多争论。本文对贵州铜仁地区新近发现的高地超大型锰矿和共伴生黑色页岩中的微量硫酸盐和黄铁矿的硫同位素、菱锰矿等碳酸盐岩及有机碳的碳同位素进行了系统研究, 对该类型锰矿的成矿环境和沉淀机制进行了探讨。高地锰矿大塘坡组一段含锰黑色页岩和锰矿石中硫酸盐的含量很低, 为30.9 ~ 20 439.7 μg/g, 平均3 322.5 μg/g, 硫酸盐的δ34SVCDT为51.5‰~68.1‰, 平均60.4‰。冰碛岩上部铁丝坳组含砾杂砂岩中黄铁矿的δ34SVCDT为26.8‰~59.6‰, 平均52.1‰; 上覆大塘坡组黑色页岩和锰矿石中黄铁矿的δ34SVCDT为53.7‰~65.6‰, 平均63.3‰, 与前人在该区域其它矿区得到的结果一致, 与硫酸盐的δ34SVCDT值差别不大; 黑色页岩和锰矿石全岩的δ34SVCDT为41.4‰~63.9‰, 平均55.7‰。同一样品中, 硫酸盐的δ34S均高于全岩的值, 但差异不大。铁丝坳组顶部含砾杂砂岩的δ13Ccarb为–11.3‰ ~ –8.3‰, 平均–9.6‰, δ13Corg为–31.7‰ ~ –30.1‰, 平均–30.9‰; 大塘坡组一段黑色页岩和锰矿石的δ13Ccarb为–12.4‰ ~ –4.6‰, 平均–8.5‰, δ13Corg为–34.3‰~ –32.6‰, 平均–33.6‰, 二者在含锰段同步下降, 有机碳含量明显升高, 说明有机质对锰矿的形成发挥了重要作用。综上提出, 大塘坡式锰矿形成于滨浅海相半封闭性的断陷盆地之中, 含锰地层中δ34S异常高的黄铁矿是在氧化还原分层明显的静水环境中, 由δ34S异常高的孔隙水硫酸盐在成岩过程中几乎全部还原形成的, 而海水硫酸盐的δ34S正异常与雪球事件、生物爆发和沉积演化等密切相关。雪球融化之后, 在断陷盆地的浅层海水中, 生物活动和光合作用强盛, 氧浓度高, 海水中Mn2+不断被氧化形成氧化锰并从海水中沉淀出来, 而深部还原缺氧富Mn2+的海水不断越过构造脊进来补充。浅层海水中微生物大量繁殖, 死亡后沉降于海底, 导致断陷盆地底部有机质大量聚集, 氧逸度急剧下降。在沉积成岩过程中氧化锰被沉积物中大量有机质全部还原为Mn2+, 有机质本身被氧化为CO2– 3, 二者结合形成菱锰矿。  相似文献   

松辽盆地基底浅变质岩的有机地球化学特征   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

冯子辉  孙春林  刘伟  李景坤 《地球化学》2005,34(1):73-78

松辽盆地基底石炭-二叠系地层处于浅变质阶段.岩石有机地球化学分析表明,有机碳含量 0.05%～ 2.08%,氯仿沥青" A"含量 0.000 3%～ 0.002 9%, MAB抽提物含量 0.001 2%～ 0.002 8%, H/C摩尔比 0.10～ 0.52, Ro范围 2.98%～ 4.16%.随成熟度的增加,可溶有机质含量以及干酪根 H/C摩尔比降低.按岩石抽提物的正构烷烃分布和生物标志化合物的分布可把样品分为两类,第一类样品中正构烷烃分布呈偶碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度高、 C28甾烷丰度高,反映高盐度环境菌、藻有机质的贡献;第二类样品中正构烷烃分布呈奇碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度低、 C29甾烷丰度高,反映陆源植物为主要生源的沉积特征.  相似文献   

三万年来南沙海区古环境重建:生物标志物定量与单体碳同位素研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

胡建芳  彭平安  贾国东  房殿勇  张干  傅家谟  汪品先 《沉积学报》2003,21(2):211-218

17962钻孔沉积物提供了南沙海区3万年来古气候、古环境变化的高分辨沉积记录。通过对314个柱状样沉积物进行有机分析，提取了相关的古环境信息，揭示出南沙海区末次冰期的古海洋环境及古气候是不稳定的，水生生物来源的生物标志物沉积通量在冰期出现了较大的波动，H3时出现了海洋生产力增大事件；陆源指标如高碳类脂物的沉积通量，既反映了陆源物对南沙海区海洋沉积的贡献，又揭示了造成末次冰期南沙海区陆源物质增高的古气候事件。高碳正烷烃、长链脂肪醇、长链脂肪酸的单体化合物碳同位素δ^13C值:—34．2‰-—28．6‰、—35．8‰-—26．6‰、—31．8‰-—27．1‰都显示其陆源C3植物输入的特征，末次冰期的普遍的干旱化在这一地区并不存在。这些化合物的堆积速率在H3都出现了极大值，反映出在南海海平面降低，巽它陆架出露背景下这一时期丰富的季风降雨导致河流洪水泛滥，从而引起南沙海区输入的陆源营养元素增多，海洋表层生产力增高。  相似文献   

湖北清江和尚洞洞顶植物叶片和土壤的类脂物对比及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

崔景伟  黄俊华  蒲阳  黄咸雨  谢树成 《第四纪研究》2008,28(1):35-42

用GC-MS对湖北清江岩溶地区和尚洞洞顶植物叶片与该洞上覆土壤层中的类脂物进行了分析和对比。在植物叶片中检测出了一系列直链烷烃、脂肪酸、以及丙三醇、植醇和甾醇等类脂物,其中直链烷烃的碳数分布范围大体在C21～C36之间,以C29或C31为主峰且具有奇偶优势;脂肪酸的分布主要集中在中、短链脂肪酸内（C数<23）,以C16为主峰呈单峰型分布且具有偶奇优势;醇的分布很不规则,仅检测出丙三醇,植醇和三种甾醇,没有检测到脂肪酮类化合物。与之相比,洞顶上覆土壤层中检测出更加丰富的类脂物。类脂物具有如下特征:正构烷烃以C31为主峰,还存在低碳数正构烷烃和异构烷烃,如2-甲基、3-甲基、4-甲基、5-甲基、6-甲基、7-甲基、8-甲基等一系列的单甲基支链烷烃,这些支链烷烃显示了微生物的贡献;脂肪酸分布也以低碳数的C16为主峰,且低碳数脂肪酸的含量较植物叶片中明显的增加,同时一些异构和反异构脂肪酸（C14∶0,C15∶0和C17∶0）以及一些单不饱和脂肪酸（C16∶1,C17∶1,C18∶1和C20∶1）也被检测到,也表明土壤中的脂肪酸不仅存在高等植物的贡献,还存在微生物的来源;没有植醇,但出现姥鲛烷和植烷并检测到了一系列脂肪醇化合物,碳数分布在C21～C36之间;检测到一系列的酮,具有奇偶优势,碳数分布范围在C23～C30和C33。高等植物叶片和土壤的差异反映了微生物对高等植物类脂物输入到土壤过程的重要贡献。本研究工作不仅提供了该岩溶地区植物叶片的类脂物信息,还为研究土壤有机质的来源和植物叶片中类脂物在地质过程中的转变提供信息,更为研究岩溶地区滴水和石笋中类脂物的来源提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

Occurrence of Different Forms and Implications of Compound Specific Sterols in Continental Sediments of the Northeast South China Sea     

QIU Hong  ZOU Li  ZHANG Minsheng  ZHU Chaoqi  JIA Yonggang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(2):420-429

The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27~(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.  相似文献   

δC and δD identification of sources of lipid biomarkers in sediments of Lake Haruna (Japan)     

Yoshito Chikaraishi  Hiroshi Naraoka 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(13):3285-3297

Organic materials in lacustrine sediments are from multiple terrestrial and aquatic sources. In this study, carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) of phytol, various sterols, and major n-fatty acids in sediments at Lake Haruna, Japan, were determined in their solvent-extractable (free) and saponification-released forms (bound). The δ¹³C-δD distributions of these lipid molecules in sediments are compared with those of terrestrial C3 and C4 plants, aquatic C3 plants, and plankton to evaluate their relative contributions. δ¹³C-δD of free phytol in sediments is very close to that of phytol in plankton samples, whereas δ¹³C-δD of bound phytol in sediments is on a mixing line between terrestrial C3 plant and plankton material. Unlike phytol, no significant δ¹³C-δD difference between free and bound forms was found in sterols and n-fatty acids. δ¹³C-δD values of algal sterols such as 24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol in sediments are close to those of plankton, whereas δ¹³C-δD of multiple-source sterols such as 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol and of major n-fatty acids such as n-hexadecanoic acid in sediments are between those of terrestrial C3 plants and plankton samples. Thus, δ¹³C-δD distributions clearly indicate the specific source contributions of biomarkers preserved in a lacustrine environment. Free phytol and algal sterols can be attributed to phytoplankton, and bound phytol, multiple source sterols, and major n-fatty acids are contributed by both terrestrial C3 plants and phytoplankton.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘平台地区路乐河组沉积环境与成岩流体特征     

杨永恒  孙国强  王晔桐  朱文军  秦彩虹  管斌 《沉积学报》2019,37(6):1258-1268

综合运用岩石学、矿物学以及元素地球化学等理论,对柴达木盆地北缘构造带中段平台地区古近系路乐河组（E₁₊₂）储集岩的岩石学特征、碳酸盐胶结物、黏土矿物以及沉积成岩环境进行分析研究。结果表明:平台地区路乐河组储集岩主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,储集岩内颗粒之间以点-线接触关系为主,少量为线接触关系;孔隙类型以原生粒间孔为主,其次为粒内溶蚀孔隙;黏土矿物含量较高,平均值达到了21.92%,主要以伊-蒙混层、伊利石、蒙脱石和绿泥石为主,具有明显的蒙皂石向伊-蒙混层转化的特征。碳-氧同位素分析结果显示碳同位素值（δ13C）在-8.87‰~-3.91‰之间,平均为-5.66‰,碳来源主要为脱羧作用的有机质碳和碳酸盐岩中的无机碳,淋滤作用也造成胶结物中δ13C值变低;氧同位素值（δ18O）介于-12.97‰~-8.75‰,平均值为10.68‰,推算其古盐度Z值分布范围在103.79~114.27之间,平均为110.38,碳酸盐沉淀温度分布范围在62.89℃~90.53℃之间,平均为75.20℃;通过全岩的微量元素分析表明,U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co以及Cu/Zn均反映出温暖、湿润的成岩环境,古盐度、Sr/Ba与U值也指向淡水沉积环境,说明平台地区路乐河组储集岩主要形成于温暖湿润的淡水沉积环境之中。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation of organic carbon in the northern South China Sea revealed by sedimentary records   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jianfang Hu  Xuesong Sun  Ping'an Peng  Gan Zhang  Allan R. Chivas 《Quaternary International》2009,206(1-2):46

Three sediment cores were taken from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent northern South China Sea (SCS). These sediment cores span the time interval 1900–2000 AD. The stratigraphy of the concentration, the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope (δ¹³C_org) of organic carbon (OC) from three high-resolution sediment cores were analyzed. The stratigraphic profiles of OC concentration, TOC/TN ratios and δ¹³C_org for the near past 100 yrs indicate that terrestrial organic matter decreases from 68.3% to 27.4% of the TOC in the Pearl River estuary, while Dapeng Bay (offshore east of Hong Kong) apparently had throughout little terrestrial organic matter input. The highest deposited OC occurs at the Humen River mouth and the OC concentrations are higher in the outer estuary than in the inner shelf of the northern SCS. The deposited OC at the River mouth increased with time, which could be caused by the high precipitation of land-derived organic matter and the high input of terrestrial organic matter, which is likely related to the rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Pearl River Delta since the 1970s. The OC concentrations did not exhibit an obvious increase with time in most areas of the Pear River estuary and adjacent inner shelf of the SCS, but the algal-derived OC concentration inferred from the δ¹³C_org values increased with time especially from 1980 to 2000 in the outer Pearl River estuary and Dapeng Bay. This increase is presumably caused by enhanced primary marine productivity supported by higher anthropogenic nutrient inputs.  相似文献   

Molecular biomarker evidence of origins and transport of organic matter in sediments of the Pearl River estuary and adjacent South China Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jianfang Hu  Ping&#x;an Peng  Allan R. Chivas 《Applied Geochemistry》2009,24(9):1666-1676

Surface sediments from the subtropical Pearl River estuary and adjacent South China Sea were investigated by molecular organic geochemical methods to determine the composition, distribution and origin of extractable lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols and sterols). The absolute and organic C normalized concentrations of total alkane, n-alkanol, and sterol ranged from 0.16 to 2.67 μg g⁻¹ and 0.9 to 12.3 μg g⁻¹ OC, 24.4 to 427.3 ng g⁻¹ and 63.2 to 1966.7 ng g⁻¹ OC, and 9.0 to 493.5 ng g⁻¹ and 58.4 to 1042.4 ng g⁻¹ OC, respectively. The spatial distributions of these biomarkers indicated that terrestrial-derived molecular biomarkers such as long-chain n-alkanes, n-alkanols and plant-derived sterols were higher at the river mouth and along the coastline, suggesting that a higher proportion of terrestrial particulate organic matter was deposited there. Relatively lower amounts of marine-derived biomarkers such as short-chain n-alkanes, algal sterols at the river mouth reflected the lower primary productivity due to high turbidity. The spatial patterns of these biomarkers were partially related to the estuarine processes and conditions, evidencing an increased terrestrial signal from the Pearl River mouth to the inner estuary, and enhanced marine conditions further offshore.  相似文献   

Esters of acyclic and polycyclic isoprenoid alcohols: Biochemical markers in lacustrine sediments     

P.A. Cranwell 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

Esters of phytol or related isoprenoid acids and fatty acid esters of pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols and sterols have been isolated from lacustrine sediments varying in age from contemporary to c. 50,000 years old. The esters were analysed by C-GC-MS and identified by GC retention data and mass spectral interpretation based on comparison with authentic compounds.In surface sediment of a productive lake, phytyl and steryl esters are biochemical markers of input from algal and Zooplankton sources. Esters of pentacyclic triterpenols detected in an older, peat-derived sediment may reflect constituents of peat-forming plant species. In sediments derived mainly from terrestrial organic matter, steryl esters containing the same acyl group showed a lower stanol/Δ⁵-stenol ratio than did the corresponding free sterols.  相似文献   

Marine and terrigenous lipids in coastal sediments from the Peru upwelling region at 15°S: Sterols and triterpene alcohols     

John K. Volkman  John W. Farrington  Robert B. Gagosian 《Organic Geochemistry》1987,11(6)

The distributions of free 4-desmethyl sterols in sediments from the Peru coastal zone at 15°S have been determined. Major free sterols in the surface sediments include cholesterol, which is mainly derived from zooplankton, and two C₂₈ sterols: 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol both of which are derived fro diatoms. Their concentrations decrease by almost an order of magnitude in the top 20 cm of sediment depth, indicating that free sterols are rapidly degraded in this sedimentary environment. Lipids from higher plants were also detected: long chain fatty acids and alcohols and various triterpenoid alcohols, including taraxerol, lupeol and α- and β-amyrin. The concentrations of most terrigenous lipids varied by less than a factor of 3 over the same depth, and these changes were not correlated with changes in the concentrations of total organic carbon. Below 3 cm, lipids from higher plants predominated in the extractable lipid distributions due to the more rapid degradation of marine lipids. We postulate that there are significant marine sources of the higher plant sterols 24-ethylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholesterol in these sediments. A high proportion of many of the terrigenous lipids in these sediments are probably transported into the coastal zone by rivers, rather than from the atmosphere, and then redistributed by bottom currents.  相似文献   

海南岛万泉河口沉积物有机碳、 氮同位素的特征及其环境意义^*   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

葛晨东  王颖  T.F.Pedersen  O.Slaymaker 《第四纪研究》2007,27(5):845-852

对海南岛万泉河口沙美内海柱样K3和K4沉积物进行生物地球化学指标总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳同位素(δ¹³ C)、氮同位素(δ¹⁵ N)的分析,以及²¹⁰ Pb定年了解其近代变化特征,追踪沉积物有机质来源的变化,提取沉积环境演变及人类活动的信息。K3中TOC的变化介于0.51 ％ ~1.12 ％ ,K4变化介于0.43 ％ ~1.49 ％ ,而其随时间的变化反映了流域内人类活动的历史。17世纪TOC含量明显增加记录了明末清初开始流域内广泛种植农作物的活动,19世纪以来TOC含量逐渐增加,至现代达最高值,对应了工业革命以来人类活动的增强。K3和K4的δ¹³ C值变化分别在-24.38 ‰ ~-21.02 ‰ 之间和-24.74 ‰ ~-20.17 ‰ 之间,δ¹⁵ N值变化分别在2.20 ‰ ~4.62 ‰ 之间和2.39 ‰ ~5.02 ‰ 之间,映证了本区沉积物有机质是陆源物质和海洋物质混合的特点。明末清初开始流域内广泛种植玉米等农作物造成δ¹³ C值增加和δ¹⁵ N值减少; 自19世纪以来至现在,该区的经济活动增加,人口的持续增长,尤其是近50年来化肥农药的大量使用,造成陆源输入的有机碳含量大幅增加,使δ¹³ C值减少和δ¹⁵ N比值增加。 δ¹³ C值自19世纪以来就逐渐变轻,说明陆源和海洋有机碳的比例发生了变化,较轻的陆源有机碳比例相对增加,较重的海洋有机碳比例相对减少,反映了玉带滩沙坝的增长、沙美内海封闭、海水交换作用减少的状况。C/N比值分别从底部的16.19和17.36到顶部减小为11左右,自19世纪以来呈明显减小的趋势也反映了沙美内海泻湖自生的藻类有机质供应越来越多,也说明了其逐渐封闭、水动力条件越来越弱,与外海的交换作用逐渐减少的状况。  相似文献   

中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成的环境意义--以民勤盆地三角城古湖泊为例   总被引：25，自引：14，他引：11  

张成君  陈发虎  尚华明  曹洁 《第四纪研究》2004,24(1):88-94

通过对中国西北干旱区石羊河流域民勤盆地三角城古湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成(^δ13Corg)分析,表明末次冰期与全新世时气候和植被有明显的差异,末次冰期^δ13Corg总体偏轻(-30‰～-25‰),而全新世碳同位素组成则有较大的变化,在早全新世碳同位素组成有多次短期快速变重(-10‰左右)的变化,中全新世碳同位素组成总体偏重(-20‰～-10‰),晚全新世碳同位素组成偏轻(-25‰左右)。分析表明湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成反映了陆生C₃植物和湖泊内源水生植物变化的关系,末次冰期以来西北干旱区C₄植物不发育,偏重的有机质碳同位素值与C₄植物无关。从沉积物中有机质组分、元素等分析表明,末次冰期时主要以河流相沉积为主,湖泊中有机质主要来源于上游祁连山的陆生C₃植物,有机碳含量较低,表明当时的上游的陆生植被不繁盛,区域气候较干冷;从全新世开始,三角城古湖泊开始形成,沉积物中碳同位素组成偏重的有机质主要来源于湖泊中的沉水植物,此时湖泊水体较大,湖泊生产力较高。而沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成偏轻时期的有机质主要来源于挺水植物、陆生C₃植物,较低的有机碳含量说明该时期陆生植被不发育,气候较干冷,湖泊水体较小  相似文献