共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
西昆仑及邻区岩石圈结构构造演——塔里木南——西昆仑多学科地学断面简要报道 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
通过深地震反射剖面，宽频天然深地震探测，广角折射、反射剖面，结合地表地质观察、岩石矿物和地球化学研究，以及弹性模拟计算等，对当前国际上流行的所谓高原北缘向南呈A型俯冲，南缘向北俯冲构成的青藏高原地壳加厚、隆升的“双俯冲”（two-sided subduction）模式提出质疑，认为高原北缘至少在西昆仑与塔里木（欧亚板块）之间不存在长距离的俯冲，在新生代以来的强劲挤压下，塔里木起到了一定的阻挡作用，在这里呈现南北向挤压应力场，因而青藏高原西北缘陆-陆碰撞造山、盆山的形成受到“南北双向挤压模式”所控制，也是造成青藏高原西北缘新生代后期地壳加厚、隆升的重要动力因素。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原隆升的过程和机制 总被引：91，自引：2，他引：91
青藏高原夹持于土兰、塔里木、华北、扬子与印度等刚性地块之间，在地球物理场和岩石圈结构构造上构成一个相对独立的构造系统。白垩纪晚期到始新世，高原开始了一个地壳缩短、加厚和不断隆升的新阶段。高原隆升可以划分为俯冲碰撞隆升、汇聚挤压隆升和均衡调整隆升３个阶段。高原地壳的加厚、缩短是在压应力作用下通过不同层次物质以不同的运动形式实现的，高原隆升的过程和机制可以概括为“陆内汇聚－地壳分层加厚－重力均衡调整”的隆升模式。 相似文献
3.
横过西昆仑－塔里木结合地带的深地震反射剖面，首次揭露出新疆地学断面南部山盆结合部位地壳与上地幔顶部的精细结构，发现了塔里木岩石圈下部南倾，西昆仑山岩石圈下部北倾的强反射特征，它们相向倾斜，相互交织，构成了塔里木岩石圈挤入到西昆仑北带之下，与青藏高原西北缘岩石圈相碰撞的地震证据。深地震反射剖面还揭示出西昆仑山与塔里木盆地在岩石圈尺度呈“V”型的盆山耦合关系，这种“V”型的耦合关系代表了陆内陆－陆碰撞变形过程的一种样式。 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地与青藏高原西北缘碰撞构造--西昆仑山地质、地球物理多学科调查新成果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原西北缘一西构造结(大拐弯)东侧的碰撞造山是当前国际地学界关注热点之一,本文根据我国"九五"期间在西昆仑一塔里木南缘关键地带实施的地震测深等地球物理探测,结合地质、地球化学研究指出:西昆仑与塔里木南缘相互间均不存在长距离俯冲的证据,它们的碰撞接触具有"双向水平挤压(Oppositedirectional-horizontalcompression)"特征,由于挤压,岩石圈下部压密,从而发生"拆沉作用(Delamination)",并导致青藏高原西北缘较广泛的碱质基性火山岩的喷溢.青藏高原西北缘"双向水平挤压"模式能较好地解释该区陆一陆造山的过程和机制以及岩浆活动,进而否定了目前国际上流行的所谓青藏高原形成、地壳加厚和隆升的"南北双俯冲(Two-sidedsubduction)"模式. 相似文献
5.
印度板块与亚洲板块的碰撞使喜马拉雅-青藏高原隆升,地壳增厚并生长扩展。探测青藏高原深部结构,揭露两个大陆如何碰撞以及碰撞如何使大陆变形的过程,是对全球关切的科学奥秘的探索。深地震反射剖面探测是打开这个科学奥秘的最有效途径之一。二十多年来,运用这项高技术探测到青藏高原巨厚地壳的精细结构,攻克了难以得到下地壳和Moho面信息的技术瓶颈,揭露了陆-陆碰撞过程。本文在探测研究成果的基础上,从青藏高原南北-东西对比,再到高原腹地,系统地综述了青藏高原之下印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞-俯冲的深部行为。印度地壳在高原南缘俯冲在喜马拉雅造山带之下,亚洲板块的阿拉善地块岩石圈在北缘向祁连山下俯冲,祁连山地壳向外扩展,塔里木地块与高原西缘的西昆仑发生面对面的碰撞,在高原东缘发现龙日坝断裂(而不是龙门山断裂)是扬子板块的西缘边界,高原腹地Moho面厚度薄而平坦,岩石圈伸展垮塌。多条深反射剖面揭露了在雅鲁藏布江缝合带下印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞的行为,不仅沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带走向印度地壳俯冲行为存在东西变化,而且印度地壳向北行进到拉萨地体内部的位置也不同。在缝合带中部,研究显示印度地壳上地壳与下地壳拆离,上地壳向北仰冲,下地壳向北俯冲,并在俯冲过程中发生物质的回返与构造叠置,这导致印度地壳减薄,喜马拉雅地壳加厚。俯冲印度地壳前缘与亚洲地壳碰撞后沉入地幔,处于亚洲板块前缘的冈底斯岩基与特提斯喜马拉雅近于直立碰撞,冈底斯下地壳呈部分熔融状态,近乎透明的弱反射和局部出现的亮点反射以及近于平的Moho面都反映出亚洲板块南缘处于伸展构造环境。 相似文献
6.
GAO Rui ZHOU Hui GUO Xiaoyu LU Zhanwu LI Wenhui WANG Haiyan LI Hongqiang XIONG Xiaosong HUANG Xingfu XU Xiao 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):320-336
印度板块与亚洲板块的碰撞使喜马拉雅-青藏高原隆升,地壳增厚和生长扩展。探测青藏高原深部结构,揭露两个大陆如何碰撞,碰撞如何使大陆变形的过程,是全球关切的科学奥秘。深地震反射剖面探测是打开这个科学奥秘的最有效途径之一。20多年来,运用这项高技术探测到青藏高原巨厚地壳的精细结构,攻克了难以得到下地壳和Moho清晰结构的技术瓶颈,揭露了陆陆碰撞过程。本文在探测研究成果基础上,从青藏高原南北-东西对比,再到高原腹地,系统地综述了青藏高原之下印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞-俯冲的深部行为。印度地壳在高原南缘俯冲在喜马拉雅造山带之下,亚洲板块的阿拉善地块岩石圈在北缘向祁连山下俯冲,祁连山地壳向外扩展,塔里木地块与高原西缘的西昆仑发生面对面的碰撞,在高原东缘发现龙日坝断裂而不是龙门山断裂是扬子板块的西缘边界,高原腹地Moho 薄而平坦,岩石圈伸展垮塌。多条深反射剖面揭露了在雅鲁藏布江缝合带下印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞的行为,印度地壳不仅沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带存在由西向东的俯冲角度变化,而且其向北行进到拉萨地体内部的位置也不同。在缝合带中部,显示印度地壳上地壳与下地壳拆离,上地壳向北仰冲,下地壳向北俯冲,并在俯冲过程发生物质的回返与构造叠置,使印度地壳减薄,喜马拉雅地壳加厚。俯冲印度地壳前缘与亚洲地壳碰撞后沉入地幔,处于亚洲板块前缘的冈底斯岩基与特提斯喜马拉雅近于直立碰撞,冈底斯下地壳呈部分熔融状态,近乎透明的弱反射和局部出现的亮点反射,以及近于平的Moho都反映出亚洲板块南缘的伸展构造环境。 相似文献
7.
根据柴达木盆地西部中新世上、下油砂山组的沉积特征及其地震反射界面的特征,推断阿尔金山的主隆升时期为中晚中新世,山体的隆升导致盆地沉积中心向东迁移.盆地周缘山系的隆升年代学资料也表明,青藏高原北缘在中晚中新世发生了快速抬升,与青藏高原南部的同期区域构造事件一致,表明中晚中新世是青藏高原向北生长的重要时期.阿尔金山此次隆升事件与塔里木板块向柴达木地块楔入有关,整个高原的隆升动力源自印度板块与欧亚大陆拼合后持续向北的俯冲. 相似文献
8.
柴达木盆地为一中-新生代盆地,位于青藏高原北缘,盆内中-新生代地层发育,很好地记录了印度板块与欧亚板块自距今55Ma以来碰撞传播到高原北缘的地质事件。本文以最新的高精度磁性地层和年代地层为约束,通过盆地内部一条北东——南西向地震大剖面,用平衡剖面方法恢复新生代以来盆地因两大板块碰撞而引起的北东——南西向地壳缩短量,揭示盆地的性质和变形历史。结果表明:柴达木盆地在印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的早期就开始变形,呈现弱的挤压状态,至始新世中——晚期变形明显增强,然后略为减弱,从中新世中-晚期尤其更新世以来地壳缩短速率快速增加,反映此时挤压变形最强烈,高原北部快速隆升。 相似文献
9.
塔里木盆地与天山山脉晚新生代盆山耦合机制 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据塔里木盆地北缘地质构造几何学和运动学资料、油气勘探地震剖面、人工地震测深、地震层析成像以及地热资料,提出了塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地岩石圈地幔在天山岩石圈之下碰撞并发生拆沉的盆山耦合机制的概念模型。由于印藏碰撞,青藏高原的北部前缘岩石圈地幔与塔里木盆地岩石圈地幔形成V字形碰撞结构,推动塔里木地块的高强度岩石圈向北运动并俯冲到天山岩石圈之下,以水平俯冲作用在中天山北缘岩石圈之下与准噶尔盆地向南俯冲的岩石圈地幔碰撞,并发生后剥拆离。塔里木岩石圈俯冲的过程中,形成库车再生前陆盆地和再生前陆冲断带以及再生天山山脉。冲断量约为塔里木俯冲量的20％。这一盆山耦合模型可以解释盆地构造、盆地沉降、山脉隆升、岩石圈深部构造和热特征。 相似文献
10.
通过区域重力场的三维密度扰动成像和地震层析成像研究,我们确定西藏新生代裂谷系反映为上中地壳低密度带,延深可达到42 km;同时,青藏高原下地壳也有低密度和低地震波速的物质蠕动流。和东非大裂谷等其他裂谷带不同,西藏新生代裂谷通常是多条平行裂谷组成的裂谷系,它的形成机制也是特殊的,可称为陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系。印度板块的陆—陆俯冲造成的正交方向拉张与西藏新生代裂谷系形成密切相关。地震变形空白区和陆—陆俯冲型裂谷带空间分布之间有一定的对应关系,即裂谷带的源头指向地震变形空白区。陆—陆俯冲型裂谷系的发育过程可分为以下四个环节:①陆—陆俯冲造成前沿带的地壳破裂和地震;②地震变形空白区地应力集中;③挤压地应力向俯冲带前方发散并且转化为張应力,造成前沿带正交方向的地壳破裂和地震;④大地震后应力释放,产生的回跳继续使地壳变形,每一次地震都促使裂谷的进一步发育。青藏高原的下地壳物质蠕动流对中上地壳产生的底辟作用,也促进了西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。地壳拆离面前端上中地壳的成倍加厚使温度升高,造成下地壳流向上挤出,从而使上中地壳張裂。特提斯大洋板块俯冲下去的残块在软流圈下沉也使软流圈上涌,也导致下地壳物质蠕动和西藏新生代裂谷系的形成。 相似文献
11.
XIAO Xuchang LIU Xun GAO Rui Houn KAO LUO Zhaohua Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sini Taipei China China University of Geosciences Beijing China 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(2):126-132
New results from deep seismic reflection profiling, wide-angle reflection-refraction profiling and broadband seismic experiments reveal that a series of south-dipping reflectors occur on the southern margin of the Tarim block (basin). However, it is these south-dipping structures that are intercepted by another series of north-dipping reflectors at depths from 30 to about 150 km beneath the foreland of the W Kunlun Mountains. No evidence from the above geophysical data as well as geochemical and surface geological data indicate the southward subduction of the Tarim block beneath the W Kunlun Mountains (NW Tibet plateau), forming the so-called "two-sided subduction" model for the Tibet plateau as proposed by previous studies. So the authors infer that the tectonic interaction between the Tarim block and the W Kunlun block was chiefly affected by a "horizontal compression in opposite directions", which brought about "face-to-face contact" between these two lithospheric blocks and led to the thickening, sh 相似文献
12.
由地震探测揭示的青藏高原莫霍面深度 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
全球最新、规模最大的青藏高原造山带是研究陆陆汇聚、板块俯冲和高原隆升等大陆动力学问题的天然实验室。自20世纪50年代至今, 已经积累大量被动源地震观测和主动源地震探测资料用于揭示青藏高原的地壳与上地幔结构, 勾勒出青藏高原的壳幔结构的基本特征。本文在汇总前人工作基础上, 通过对深地震测深、深地震反射剖面和宽频地震观测三种地震方法资料的梳理, 探讨青藏高原的莫霍面深度及其分布特征。结果表明, 青藏高原莫霍面形态复杂, 深度变化很大, 分布总体特征呈现出中间浅, 南部较深, 北部较浅, 西部较深, 东部较浅的趋势, 最深的和最浅的莫霍面可以相差40 km。这种变化趋势记录了印度板块和欧亚板块的相互作用使高原地壳增厚、减薄过程, 并驱使地壳物质由西向东流动。 相似文献
13.
The Qinghai (青海)-Tibet plateau is the newest and biggest orogenic belt in the world and a natural laboratory for researching continental geodynamics, such as continent-continent collision, convergence, subduction, and plateau uplift. From the 1950s to the present, there have been many active-source (deep seismic sounding and deep seismic reflection profiling) and passive-source seismic probing (broadband seismic observations) implemented to reveal the crust-mantle structure. In this article, the authors mainly summarize the three seismic probings to discuss the Moho depth of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau based on the previous summaries. The result shows that the Moho of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is very complex and its depth is very different; the whole outline of it is that the Moho depth is deeper beneath the south than the north and deeper in the west than in the east. In the Qiangtang (羌塘) terrane, the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Moho is shallower than both the southern and the northern sides. The deepest Moho is 40 km deeper than the shallowest Moho. This trend records the crustal thickening and thinning caused by the mutual response between the India plate and the Eurasia plate, and the eastward mass flow in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. 相似文献
14.
运用地体和地体活动论观点,提出青藏高原结构划分的新方案;强调青藏高原的形成经历了新元古代以来长期活动的过程,青藏高原是一个“非原地”诸多地体会聚、拼合以及经历复合碰撞造山的“造山的高原”;大型走滑断裂在青藏高原形成中起着地体相对位移、侧向挤出、移置及使高原几何形态扭曲的作用。提出青藏高原隆升的“南缘超深俯冲(>600km)、北缘陆内俯冲、腹地深部热结构及岩石圈范围内的向NE右旋隆升”的多元驱动力机制。 相似文献
15.
本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8000km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240Ma和左行平移400km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的“地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲”的新假设。 相似文献
16.
阿尔金山位于青藏高原北部边缘,在高原隆升和演化过程中扮演着重要的角色。但是,关于它的新生代隆升历史现今仍存在较大的争议。阿尔金山北麓若羌凹陷新生代接受来自山脉的剥蚀物质。因此,凹陷内的沉积特征记录了阿尔金山新生代隆升的重要信息。本文利用石油钻井编录资料及地震剖面,通过对盆地区新生代各个地层之间的接触关系、沉积相组合和沉积速率变化进行研究,结果显示阿尔金山34Ma以来的隆升分为两阶段:第一阶段为34~20.4Ma,持续低速隆升;第二阶段为16Ma至现今,急剧快速隆升。结合前人研究成果,认为渐新世—早中新世,阿尔金断裂作为一个局限在中、下地壳的韧性剪切带造成阿尔金山一带产生大范围的地表隆起,控制了山脉在第一阶段的持续低速隆升;中中新世以来,阿尔金断裂大规模左行走滑,青藏高原北缘主要通过地壳缩短的形式释放应力,控制了山脉在第二阶段的急剧快速隆升。 相似文献
17.
Lithospheric structure and dynamic processes of the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Located at the center of the Eurasian continent and accommodating as much as 44% of the present crustal shortening between India and Siberia, the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) is one of the youngest (<20 Ma) and highest (elevation>7000 m) orogenic belts in the world. It provides a natural laboratory for examining the processes of intracontinental deformation. In recent years, wide angle seismic reflection/refraction profiling and magnetotelluric sounding surveys have been carried out along a geoscience transect which extends northeastward from Xayar at the northern margin of the Tarim basin (TB), through the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin (JB), to Burjing at the southern piedmont of the Altay Mountain. We have also obtained the 2D density structure of the crust and upper mantle of this area by using the Bouguer anomaly data of Northwestern Xinjiang. With these surveys, we attempt to image the 2D velocity and the 2D electric structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin. In order to obtain the small-scale structure of the crust–mantle transitional zone of the study area, the wavelet transform method is applied to the seismic wide angle reflection/refraction data. Combining our survey results with heat flow and other geological data, we propose a model that interprets the deep processes beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Junggar basin.Located between the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin, the Tianshan orogenic belt is a block with relatively low velocity, low density, and partially high resistivity. It is tectonically a shortening zone under lateral compression. A detachment exists in the upper crust at the northern margin of the Tarim basin. Its lower part of the upper crust intruded into the lower part of the upper and the middle crust of the Tianshan, near the Korla fault; its middle crust intruded into the lower crust of the Tianshan; and its lower crust and lithospheric mantle subducted into the upper mantle of the Tianshan. In these processes, the mass of the lower crust of the Tarim basin was carried down to the upper mantle beneath the Tianshan, forming a 20-km-thick complex crust–mantle transitional zone composed of seven thin layers with a lower than average velocity. The thrusting and folding of the sedimentary cover, the intrusive layer in the upper and middle crust, and the mass added by the subduction of the Tarim basin into the upper mantle of the Tianshan are probably responsible for the crustal thickening of the Tianshan. Due to the important mass deficiency in the crust and the upper mantle of the Tianshan, buoyancy must occur and lead to rapid ascent of the Tianshan.The episodic tectonic uplift of the Tianshan and tectonic subsidence of the Junggar basin are closely related to the evolution of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Tethys. 相似文献
18.
Three—Phase Uplift of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau Druing the Cenozoic Period：Igneous Petrology Constraints 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Shaocong Lai 《中国地球化学学报》2000,19(2):152-160
In northern Qinghai-Tibet plateau there are developed Cenozoic volcanic rocks. They constitute a trachybasalt-shoshonite-latite-trachydacite
assemblage. According to the forming ages, three Cenozoic volcanic rock lithozones can be distinguished in the northern part
of the plateau. Cenozoic volcanic rocks and muscovite/two-mica granites forming the three belts in pairs represent the northern
and southern margins of the plateau in different periods. In fact, the tectonic setting of the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet
plateau is significantly different from that of the southern part—Himalayas. The southern part has experienced subduction
and continent-continent collision. There are developed the Cenozoic S-type granites (muscovite/ two-mica granites) there.
But the northern part is characterized by Cenozoic basaltic magmatism which obviously comes from the upper mantle. Slight
doming of the upper mantle is recognized underneath the northern part of the plateau, which is the result of resistance of
the Tarim plate to the north direction-sense movement of the Tibetan plate. And at the same time, the uplift machanism shows
that the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau involved three orogenic stages (35−23 Ma, 23−10 Ma and <2 Ma) of uplift in
the vertical direction and extension in the horizontal direction with the Gangdise-Qiangtang orogenic belt as its core. 相似文献
19.
A Structural Interpretation Model and Restoration of the Mesozoic Proto-basin for the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin 
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下载免费PDF全文 A thrust-fold belt consisting of a series of thrusts and buckling folds developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata within the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin. In this study, a structural interpretation model of the Kuqa Depression is established and the Mesozoic proto-basin is reconstructed on the basis of outcrop geology along the basin margin, seismic,well-log and CEMP data. The model is called ‘delaminate contractional deformation’, which emphasizes the decoupling between the Cenozoic, Mesozo... 相似文献