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1.
降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。 相似文献
2.
Suggestion of a method for landslide early warning using the change in the volumetric water content gradient due to rainfall infiltration 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
An early warning system can be an effective measure to reduce the damage caused by landslides by facilitating the timely evacuation of residents from a landslide-prone area. Early detection of landslide triggering across a broad range of natural terrain types can be accomplished by monitoring rainfall and the physical property changes of soils in real time or near-real time. This study involved the installation of a real-time monitoring system to observe physical property changes in soils in a valley during rainfall events. This monitoring included the measurement of volumetric water content, which was compared with the results of laboratory flume tests to identify landslide indicators in the soils. The response of volumetric water content to rainfall events is more immediate than that of pore-water pressure, and volumetric water content retains its maximum value for some time before slope failure. Therefore, an alternative method for landslide monitoring can be based on the observation of volumetric water content and its changes over time at shallow soil depths. Although no landslide occurred, the field monitoring results showed a directly proportional relationship between the effective cumulative rainfall and the gradient of volumetric water content per unit time (t/t max). This preliminary study thus related slope failure to the volumetric water content gradient as a function of rainfall. Laboratory results showed that a high amount of rainfall and a high gradient of volumetric water content could induce slope failure. Based on these results, it is possible to suggest a threshold value of the volumetric water content gradient demarcating the conditions for slope stability and slope failure. This threshold can thus serve as the basis of an early warning system for landslides considering both rainfall and soil properties. 相似文献
3.
建立高效合理的区域滑坡灾害降雨预警模型对滑坡防治具有重要意义.然而以往的研究多侧重于临滑预警,对蠕变型滑坡在强降雨工况下的短暂加速变形的预警研究还有待深入.以三峡库区云阳县域内滑坡为例,首先根据滑坡地表位移监测数据的特点对统计样本进行合理筛选.再通过降雨因子与滑坡发生的相关性分析以及对滑坡在降雨条件下位移变化情况的数值模拟,确定了适用于不同时间阶段的降雨统计变量.然后将考虑了滑坡规模特征的滑坡位移比（累计位移与滑坡纵长之比）作为变形指标,分时段统计滑坡地表位移监测数据与历史降雨信息,建立了日降雨数据与月位移数据的对应关系,得到了可用于确定降雨量阈值的位移比模型,并获得了云阳县蠕变型滑坡的五级预警分区.最后分别选用研究区滑坡险情实例、长年位移监测数据及极端降雨事件对模型预警效果进行检验.结果显示基于专业监测数据的位移比模型的滑坡降雨预警结果与实际情况相符,可为蠕变型滑坡的预警预报提供依据. 相似文献
4.
降雨诱发区域性滑坡预报预警方法研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
论文以四川省雅安市雨城区为研究区，将逻辑回归模型引入区域降雨型滑坡预警预报，建立了同时考虑降雨强度和降雨过程的降雨临界值表达式。在滑坡危险性区划的基础上，研究提出了区域降雨型滑坡预警预报指标，包括临界值降雨指数R和滑坡发生指数L，并利用20台自动遥测雨量计和地质灾害群测群防网络，采用历史记录雨量和预报雨量，建立了区域降雨型滑坡预报预警体系。 相似文献
5.
浅层滑坡在我国广泛分布,但在区域范围内分布规律性较差,且具有突发性、隐蔽性和破坏性强等特点。湘西武陵山区地质条件复杂、降雨丰沛、人类工程活动强烈,突发性地质灾害频发,尤以降雨诱发的浅层滑坡为主。文章以湘西地区慈利县陈溪峪滑坡为例,开展了降雨量、基质吸力、地下水位和地表变形等的监测;结合滑坡的现场调查及监测成果,分析滑坡的形成条件和变形机理;在此基础上,考虑基质吸力对边坡稳定性的贡献,将强度折减有限元法推广到非饱和土边坡,计算得到了不同降雨工况下滑坡稳定性。结果表明:当强降雨降落到滑坡体上时,坡内基质吸力值均迅速减小,直至一定值后（9.5 kPa左右）不再变化;坡内地下水位受季节性降雨影响显著,短时强降雨引起地下水变化幅度不如长时间降雨对地下水位造成的影响大;陈溪峪滑坡的地质力学成因为蠕滑推移式土质滑坡,运动形式为沿基覆界面的浅层滑坡;短时强降雨是诱发滑坡变形的最关键因素。陈溪峪滑坡在持续降雨条件下的降雨量预警值约为280 mm,在短时强降雨条件下的降雨强度预警值约为240 mm/d。 相似文献
6.
边坡临滑预警一直是地灾研究的难点与热点问题。本文采用一种力学监测方法(牛顿力监测)对雅安宝兴县某傍山公路边坡进行监测,该边坡位于唐包滑坡老滑坡体下缘边界处。经过4个月的连续监测,获取了大量监测数据,并成功预报了两次局部滑坡。本文首先整合牛顿力监测数据和降雨量监测数据,再将监测曲线与滑坡演化过程进行对比分析,揭示滑坡过程中的力学演化规律,对降雨条件下诱发滑坡的原因进行了分析。然后对牛顿力监测预警成功的案例其临滑预警时长与滑坡体量间的关系进行拟合,发现存在明显的正相关关系。最后讨论了牛顿力监测方法与斋藤模型之间的关联性以及优劣势,并根据各自的特点提出了由面到点的监测预警思路。通过分析,牛顿力监测曲线与滑坡演化过程能较好对应,并可将土质滑坡分为3阶段:(1)牛顿力上升阶段; (2)牛顿力突降阶段; (3)滑坡阶段。本文为牛顿力监测系统的推广提供了实践经验,并为力学监测与位移监测结合的研究提供一个新的思路。 相似文献
7.
Prototyping an experimental early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Indonesia using satellite remote sensing and geospatial datasets 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
Zonghu Liao Yang Hong Jun Wang Hiroshi Fukuoka Kyoji Sassa Dwikorita Karnawati Faisal Fathani 《Landslides》2010,7(3):317-324
An early warning system has been developed to predict rainfall-induced shallow landslides over Java Island, Indonesia. The
prototyped early warning system integrates three major components: (1) a susceptibility mapping and hotspot identification
component based on a land surface geospatial database (topographical information, maps of soil properties, and local landslide
inventory, etc.); (2) a satellite-based precipitation monitoring system () and a precipitation forecasting model (i.e., Weather Research Forecast); and (3) a physically based, rainfall-induced landslide
prediction model SLIDE. The system utilizes the modified physical model to calculate a factor of safety that accounts for
the contribution of rainfall infiltration and partial saturation to the shear strength of the soil in topographically complex
terrains. In use, the land-surface “where” information will be integrated with the “when” rainfall triggers by the landslide
prediction model to predict potential slope failures as a function of time and location. In this system, geomorphologic data
are primarily based on 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, digital elevation
model (DEM), and 1-km soil maps. Precipitation forcing comes from both satellite-based, real-time National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model forecasts.
The system’s prediction performance has been evaluated using a local landslide inventory, and results show that the system
successfully predicted landslides in correspondence to the time of occurrence of the real landslide events. Integration of
spatially distributed remote sensing precipitation products and in-situ datasets in this prototype system enables us to further
develop a regional, early warning tool in the future for predicting rainfall-induced landslides in Indonesia. 相似文献
8.
降雨诱发滑坡阶跃型变形的预测分析及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡进入蠕动变形阶段之后,往往难以及时开展勘察治理工作,合理的临灾预警是有效减少滑坡灾害损失的重要手段。首先确定降雨诱发“阶跃型”滑坡的预警关键判据为前期降雨、当次降雨、位移速率,并引入“一个降雨过程”定义滑坡监测的降雨区间,将预警过程分为当次降雨和前期降雨+当次降雨两种模式。然后运用最小二乘法确定滑坡“阶跃”变形曲线上的“破坏拐点”和“稳定拐点”用以确定变形加速区间,以此求解前期降雨、当次降雨以及移速率阈值。最后以王家坡滑坡为例,设计了两种模式下的5级递进式分级预警模型。研究表明：（1）前期降雨与当次降雨组成“一个降雨过程”的时间间隔为7 d;（2）王家坡滑坡的位移速率阈值为20 mm/d;（3）前期降雨+当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的前期降雨、当次降雨阈值分别为10、15 mm,当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的降雨阈值为25 mm。 相似文献
9.
通过对华蓥市马鞍坪滑坡现有变形监测情况表明,斜坡变形位移与降雨的关系十分密切,马鞍坪滑坡的后部强变形区,斜坡位移与50mm以上持续降雨几乎呈对应关系。研究人员采用工程地质条件分析与有限元分析法相结合,对马鞍坪滑坡进行了滑坡体在降雨条件下饱和一非饱和渗流分析与坡体稳定性分析。分析结果表明,降雨量是华蓥山地区斜坡失稳下滑的主要引发因素,不同雨量决定斜坡演化成滑坡的不同阶段,其影响作用也不近相同。计算结果表明,当日降雨量达到150mm左右且累积降雨量超过300mm的情况下,斜坡土体将出现变形,出现滑坡可能性大。该分析结果为今后华蓥山地区地质灾害监测预警示范中的地质灾害单体预警预报,提供了可靠预警参数。 相似文献
10.
Local rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide occurrence: Taipingshan landslide triggered by Typhoon Saola 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
This paper presents a case study of the Taipingshan landslide, which was triggered by Typhoon Saola in 2012. Taipingshan villa is one of the most famous scenic locations within the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area in northern Taiwan. Since the early 1990s, evidence of recent landslide activity appeared throughout the Taipingshan villa and included features such as tension cracks, ground settlement, and cracking in manmade structures. In response, a series of geological investigations and in-site/laboratory tests were conducted in 2010 to estimate slope stability and predict critical rainfall thresholds (event accumulated rainfall) for landslide activity. Results revealed that the critical rainfall threshold for the Taipingshan National Forest Recreation Area is 1765 mm. In 2012, that threshold was tested when Typhoon Saola brought tremendous rainfall to northern and eastern Taiwan and triggered activity along the main scarp of sliding mass B located near the History Exhibition Hall. According to in situ extensometer readings and on-site precipitation data, the extensometer was severed at an accumulated rainfall 1694 mm. Field monitoring data during the typhoon event are in good agreement with the rainfall threshold. These preliminary results suggest that the threshold may be useful for assessing the rainfall threshold of other landslides and a good reference for establishing early warning systems for landslides. 相似文献
11.
滑坡预警系统是减少降雨型滑坡灾害的重要手段,其中针对具体单个滑坡失稳的预警系统,尽管具有较好的物理判断依据,但由于其构造机制较为复杂,目前仍然比较少见。基于无限边坡算法构建了较为简单的实验室降雨型滑坡技术性预警系统,并详细介绍了该系统的预警思路、预警时间计算原理、信息交流及反馈的实现。通过模型试验结果考察该预警系统在估算不同降雨强度及不同初始含水状态下滑坡失稳时间的表现,并对模型试验结果、预警能力进行分析。结果表明,基于无限边坡算法的预警系统的预警能力尽管受到降雨侵蚀、滑动面位置、初始含水状态的影响,但仍然具有较好的准确性。 相似文献
12.
由于滑坡岩土体结构的复杂性和破坏机制的多样性,滑坡预警一直以来都是全球性难题,极具挑战性。本文论述了贵州省兴义滑坡特征及其成功预警,并分析了滑坡成功预警的关键因素。在对滑坡现场进行地质调查的基础上,综合应用卫星遥感、无人机航拍、LiDAR、地表位移监测等技术手段,初步分析结果认为,兴义滑坡属于典型的含软弱夹层的顺层岩质滑坡,滑源区坡体为2014年首次滑动后形成的不稳定斜坡,在不利的坡体结构加之与软弱夹层组合的地质条件下,受到长期重力及地下水作用,最终演变成滑坡地质灾害。兴义滑坡至2014年第一次滑动后,后缘山体对前缘公路和居民就产生了威胁,2019年2月17日凌晨5时53分,贵州省兴义市马岭镇龙井村兴-马大道旁约96×104 m3的山体再次发生顺层滑动。在滑坡发生前,研究人员就在滑坡体上安装了全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和自适应性裂缝计两种位移监测传感器,对滑坡变形进行持续监控。现场监测数据实时传输到研究人员自主研发的“地质灾害监测预警系统”中,系统通过多种阈值综合预警模型自动计算监测数据并发布预警结果,在滑坡进入临滑阶段后,系统提前53 min发出了红色预警,完全避免了人员和经济损失。该滑坡的成功预警体现了自主研发的地质灾害监测预警系统、预警模型、监测仪器三者的适用性,可为今后类似滑坡的监测预警研究及应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
13.
灌溉诱发的黄土滑坡大多数具有明显的突发性特征;斜坡破坏过程变形量小,历时短,具有较大的危险性。由于此类黄土滑坡加速变形阶段经历时间较短,GNSS系统和裂缝计等传统监测手段难以获取加速变形阶段系统完整的监测数据,更难以提前预警。针对这一难题,自主研发了自适应智能变频裂缝仪,它能够根据滑坡变形快慢自动调整采样频率。基于获取的黑方台多个突发型黄土滑坡的全过程变形-时间曲线,对这些变形曲线特征和规律进行分析研究,建立了针对性的黄土滑坡综合预警模型。将变形速率阈值和改进切线角作为滑坡预警的重要指标,建立了4级预警判据,通过自主研发的"地质灾害实时监测预警系统"实现滑坡的实时自动预警,并将预警信息与当地的群防群测信息平台对接,为防灾应急避让提供直接依据。2017年以来已先后6次对黑方台黄土滑坡实施成功预警,避免了重大人员伤亡,取得显著的防灾减灾效果。 相似文献
14.
在数字高程模型（DEM）的基础上,运用滑坡降雨阈值模型,以楚雄丁家坟一斜坡作为试验研究工点,结合现场勘察、监测数据以及斜坡岩土体主要特性、地形地貌、降雨强度与降雨持续时间、地下水位等因素,模拟斜坡单元产生潜在滑动时的临界降雨量,研究降雨对滑坡发生、分布的影响。研究结果表明：各斜坡单元产生潜在滑动时的临界降雨量各不相同,在不同的降雨量及地下水位条件下滑坡降雨阈值模型模拟的潜在滑坡位置主要位于楚勐公路下边坡处,与实际发生滑坡的位置吻合率达80%以上,滑坡降雨阈值模型可实现对斜坡稳定性进行可视化分析与预测,为降雨型滑坡提供一种有效的预测与分析方法。 相似文献
15.
降雨是诱发边坡变形失稳的主要因素,而针对降雨型边坡的预警预报也一直是工程领域的核心问题。本文将蒙特卡罗方法引入降雨型滑坡的预警预报,首先基于正态分布的岩土体物理力学参数,建立了边坡的有限元数值计算模型,并分析了9种不同型式降雨下边坡稳定性系数的变化情况。结果显示递增型降雨对边坡的稳定性尤为不利,均匀型降雨次之,递减型降雨影响最小。其次,将降雨过程划分为前期降雨+当期降雨,并确定了前期降雨对于当期降雨的有效时间为6 d。最后,论文结合可靠度理论,选取失效概率Pf=10%作为预警指标,通过把前期降雨引入降雨强度-降雨历时关系曲线并作为第三坐标轴,最终将该曲线扩展成为前期降雨(A)-当期降雨(I)-降雨历时(D)曲面(A-I-D阈值曲面),研究结果对于降雨型边坡的预警预报具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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贵州省都匀市马达岭地灾体自2003年起间歇发生小规模崩塌,2006年5月18日持续降雨诱发大规模滑坡。崩滑体产生的碎屑流被采空区内蓄积的老窑水卷携并铲刮沟道残坡积物冲向下游形成泥石流。该地质灾害由崩塌、滑坡以及次生泥石流所组成,呈现连锁反应,形成了崩滑流灾害链。以贵州省马达岭地质灾害链为研究对象,基于现场地质环境条件调研和地质灾害链发育规律研究,确定以雨量、相对位移、倾角、渗压水头、泥位、次声为监测指标,在崩滑体后缘和泥石流沟口部位分别布置了相应的自动化监测仪器,形成了集自动采集、无线传输、数据解析、分析决策和预警预报为一体的地质灾害链自动化监测系统。监测系统运行状况显示,该监测系统能够较好地反映该地质灾害链的变形特征,可为该地质灾害链的预警预报提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Yi-heng Pan Jian-ping Chen Li-qing Wu Wei Wang Fu-lin Tan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(1):183-194
In this study, two different research methods are applied to investigate the evolution mechanism and rainfall warning criteria for Maijianwo slope located in Henan Province, China. On the one hand, an indoor-model test is performed under artificial rainfall and based on similarity theory. A set of monitoring system is utilized to track the moisture content, deformation and cracks of critical points of the model during the test. On the other hand, the numerical simulation is carried out to provide an insight into the variation of unstable zone and factor of safety for the landslide with the increasing cumulative rainfall. Results indicate that the evolution process of Maijianwo slope is composed of three stages of initiating, accelerating and failure respectively, and stability of slope decreases gradually as cumulative rainfall increases. Based on the evolution mechanism of retrogressive landslide verified by both model test and numerical simulation, cracking time of critical positions on the slope prior to each stage were set as the initiating time of each stage and the cumulative rainfall associated with each initiating time (E1 = 75 mm, E2 = 180 mm) has been defined as the warning criteria for the Maijianwo slope. As the cumulative rainfall in Maijianwo slope reaches 75 and 180 mm, the landslide orange and red warning codes are issued, respectively. Otherwise, the slope is in a safe condition when the cumulative rainfall is less than 75 mm. 相似文献
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To verify numerical models used for the development of an early warning system for rainfall induced landslides, a back analysis of a roadway embankment adjacent to State Highway 1 in Silverdale, New Zealand has been undertaken. The embankment collapsed in June 2008 as a result of prolonged rainfall. The failure occurred in a cut slope through the landslide-prone Northland Allochthon formation. Using volumetric water content sensors and a rainfall gauge, recordings were made of the field response of the soil due to rainfall events during the 2010 winter. Saturated/unsaturated seepage analyses were undertaken using empirically obtained soil parameters to simulate the variation in the monitored volumetric water contents in conjunction with a slope stability analysis to determine the factor of safety of the slope. The rainfall record that caused the slope failure was then applied as an influx to this model to determine the factor of safety against slope failure. If modelled correctly, this factor of safety should reach a minimum at the same time the landslide occurred. If a good agreement between the models and the field observations is reached, the models can be used to create a cost-effective early warning system. 相似文献
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台风暴雨型土质滑坡演化过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台风暴雨型滑坡是我国东南丘陵山地主要的滑坡类型,揭示其失稳演化规律对东南丘陵山地台风暴雨型土质滑坡监测预警具有重要的理论及实际意义。本文以福建泉州德化石山滑坡为研究对象,结合现场地质勘察资料,建立滑坡物理与数值模型对其变形演化过程进行模拟,探究边坡失稳涉及的渗流和变形位移等规律。研究结果表明:(1)初期雨水以垂直入渗坡体为主,且入渗速率较大;后期入渗速率随坡体饱和度增加而减小。有前期小降雨的情况下,坡脚位置更易出现积水饱和现象;(2)雨水入渗是导致坡体稳定性下降的主要原因:在暴雨工况中E3(模拟全程降雨为暴雨雨强100 mm·d-1)中,稳定系数保持下降,从1.197降至1.125;在双峰暴雨工况E4(前期30 mm·d-1小雨强降雨,后期100 mm·d-1暴雨雨强降雨)中,小雨强降雨过程中稳定系数基本保持不变,从1.197降至1.188,当暴雨一开始,稳定系数骤降至1.060;(3)台风暴雨型滑坡位移演化过程具有阶段性特征:压缩沉降微变形阶段,该阶段位移曲线变化平缓,基本不发生位移;匀速变形阶段,该阶段位移匀速增长,位移速率不变;加速变形阶段,加速变形直至失稳阶段,破坏迅速,具有突发性,曲线呈非线性;(4)当前期发生小雨强降雨(降雨强度≤30 mm·d-1),后期突发大暴雨雨强降雨(降雨强度≥100 mm·d-1)情况下滑坡的发生具有突变性,在试验中暴雨初期位移骤增20 mm,而后快速发展到90 mm左右。 相似文献