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贝加尔裂谷带通京盆地呼兰霍博克火山的玄武岩岩石学和地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于贝加尔裂谷带西南端通京盆地的呼兰霍博克火山为玄武岩质碎屑锥,玄武岩由高拉长石、贵橄榄石、普通辉石和火山玻璃组成,其矿物组成及SiO2-（Na2O＋K2O）图和Hf-Th-Ta图指示为碱性玄武岩.CIPW标准矿物特征、岩石化学成分和单斜辉石化学成分特征表明岩石属碱性系列,钠质型.稀土元素和微量元素的地球化学特征表明岩石为裂谷初期玄武岩.初步推断原始岩浆来源于上地幔,斑晶可能于16.5 km深处的次生壳层岩浆房结晶. 相似文献
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本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江人湖河段沉积物进行主元素和重金属元素分析.结果表明,湘江入湖沉积物中主元素含量变化相对稳定,沉积物具有明显亏CaO、Na2O,而富MnO、A12O3的化学组成特征.其化学组成和风化蚀变特征(蚀变指数CIA值大于78)指示流域上游花岗岩为沉积物提供了主要的物源.主元素揭示的沉积物矿物组成主要包括A12O3表征的细粒黏土矿物类和SiO2、Na2O表征的粗粒碎屑矿物类两部分.沉积物中重金属元素含量变化大,重金属综合富集指数EI值自湾河WH (EI=4.7、14.2)向湘阴XY (6.6、5.6)再向屈原农场QN沉积柱(18.4)趋于增大,重金属污染程度自上游向下游趋于增强.重金属污染程度主要与以A12O3为代表的Ⅰ类元素呈正相关关系.预示重金属污染主要与黏土矿物、铁锰氧化物、有机质、及磷灰石等副矿物相关.其中Bi、Pb、Mn、T1等重金属污染更趋于在黏土矿物、锰氧化物、有机质等矿物相中增强,Cd污染可能主要与铁锰氧化物、有机质等有关,U污染则主要与铁氧化物矿物有关,而Cu、Sb污染主要与有机质关系密切.不同的矿物相可能引起不同种类的重金属污染. 相似文献
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长江下游下蜀黄土化学风化的地球化学研究 总被引：39，自引：3，他引：39
根据元素含量，K2O/Na2O,K2O/CaO,Al2O3/Na2O,CIA及A－CN－K图解等指标，对长江下游地区下蜀土的化学风化作用进行了研究，下蜀土比西北黄土经历了较强的化学风化过程，Ca,Sr,Na和Mg大量迁移淋失，不仅表现为碳酸盐矿物的迅速风化，而且硅酸盐矿物如斜长石也明显风化，脱Ca,Na过程显著，而钾长石的风化很弱，脱K不明显，下蜀土与西北黄土的原始沉积物具有相似的化学组成，下蜀土较强的化学风化过程可能受长江下游地区较强的季风性气候控制。 相似文献
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过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ21井珠江组碎屑岩的主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素进行综合分析,发现研究区碎屑岩中MnO、Na2O、P2O5和TiO2含量与PAAS中这几种组分的含量相近,但是,与PAAS相比,研究区碎屑岩富集SiO2,贫Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O和MgO。泥岩中亲石元素Ba的含量略低于上地壳丰度,而远高于下地壳丰度;过渡元素Cr的含量略高于上地壳丰度,而远低于下地壳丰度;不相容元素Th的含量略高于上地壳丰度值,远远高于下地壳丰度。砂岩中亲石元素Ba的含量与上地壳丰度相近,但远高于下地壳丰度;不相容元素Th在NSQ1、NSQ2层序略低于上地壳丰度值,在NSQ3、NSQ4层序中则高于上地壳丰度值。REE分布模式与上地壳相似,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素均一,Eu负异常,且在NSQ1、NSQ2中,Eu异常值大于PAAS的Eu异常值,而NSQ3、NSQ4的Eu异常值小于PAAS的Eu异常值。主量元素比值和非迁移性微量元素图解显示源岩以长英质岩石为主,NSQ1、NSQ2层序以沉积岩钙质泥岩物源为主,而NSQ3、NSQ4层序为花岗岩、碱性玄武岩和沉积岩钙质泥岩混合物源的特点。从SiO2-K2O/Na2O、La-Th-Sc判别图及Ce异常值的分析认为,源区的构造背景具有被动大陆边缘的特征。Al2O3/Na2O比值及化学蚀变指数（CIA）反映了该地区整体处于湿热气候条件,但NSQ1、NSQ2层序湿热程度较高,风化程度较强,而NSQ3、NSQ4层序湿热程度较低,风化程度较弱。 相似文献
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金沙江河流悬浮物与沉积物的矿物学特征及其表生地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究金沙江流域表生风化特征,系统采集了金沙江和岷江流域32件河流悬浮物和河床砂样品,对其进行了矿物组成分析。结果表明,不同江段河流悬浮物、沉积物的矿物组成大致相同,以石英、方解石、斜长石和粘土矿物为主,局部有白云石、钾长石和角闪石等;粘土矿物主要有伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石。河床沉积物中非粘土矿物碎屑(岩屑)含量明显高于悬浮物。伊利石为铁镁质,Kubler指数在轻微变质范围内,主要来源于三叠系碎屑岩和砂板岩。金沙江、岷江的河流悬浮物矿物组成与流域内出露的碎屑岩、砂板岩、火成岩、碳酸盐岩等的分布有较好的对应关系。河流悬浮物和沉积物的矿物组成及伊利石结晶指数特征表明流域内以物理风化为主。 相似文献
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藏北北羌塘盆地晚三叠世古风化壳地质地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对最近在藏北羌塘盆地菊花山、肖茶卡、石水河等地区新发现的肖茶卡组顶部的粘土质角砾岩的地质、地球化学特征研究表明:其岩石矿物成分、结构构造、角砾层产状及剖面演化序列等与古风化壳的形成及其特征较为一致;相对于基岩,古风化壳的主量元素表现为CaO、CO2的淋失和SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5等不同程度的相对富集;古风化壳中的粘土质风化残积层的稀土元素具有明显的富集,表现为LREE含量远大于HREE的特征,存在明显的Ce的正异常以及Eu的负异常;微量元素除Mo、Sn和U外,粘土质风化残积层的其余元素含量均有明显的增加。这些特征从另一角度证实了北羌塘盆地晚三叠世存在明显的沉积间断。晚三叠世肖茶卡组顶部古风化壳的发现,为了解区域地壳发展史、古气候、古地理演化、层序地层的划分与对比、羌塘含油气盆地分析等提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
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长江水系河水主要离子化学特征 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
2007年夏季采集了长江从上游沱沱河至入海口的干流原水样品36个,长江各主要支流水样品40个,分析了江水Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、HCO3-、SO42-、Cl-离子含量及溶解性SiO2等溶质成分。结果显示,长江流域水系离子化学组成主要受碳酸盐和蒸发岩风化控制,长江上游水离子化学呈现阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以Cl-和SO42-为主的蒸发岩类风化控制特征,但随着采样点位下移,离子含量逐渐呈现阳离子以Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-为主的逐渐向碳酸盐风化过渡的特征;从时间变化上看,与20世纪50年代至1990年长江水离子化学数据相比,以Na+、K+、SO42-和Cl-为代表的所有阴阳离子均有明显增加;从通量上看,洞庭湖和鄱阳湖是长江离子两个最大的输入源,除洞庭湖和鄱阳湖外的其他长江各大支流中,岷江是长江Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-和HCO3-的最大输入源,嘉陵江是SO24-和溶解性SiO2的最大输入源;在几大世界河流中,长江是对海洋Mg2+、SO24-和Cl-的输入通量最大的河流,Ca2+和HCO3-通量仅次于亚马逊河。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
化学风化作用是引起河流沉积物相对其源岩发生地球化学分异的重要因素。在化学风化的初始阶段,长石含量减少,转化为黏土矿物,主要形成2:1型层状黏土矿物,如伊利石。随着风化作用的进行,伊利石脱K转化为1:1型层状黏土矿物,如高岭石(Nesbitt and Young,1982)。水动力分选同样显著影响沉积物的矿物和元素地化组成,粒度较粗、密度较大的石英、长石与重矿物一般富集于表层沉积物中,细粒级的,具片层状结构的黏土矿物则富集于悬浮物中(Garzanti et al,2011)。本研究讨论了长江、椒江、瓯江、木兰溪浊水溪等河流沉积物(包括悬浮物与表层沉积物)的化学风化与水动力分选。这些河流分属不同的源汇体系,长江属于"大河-大三角洲-宽广陆架"的源汇体系,作为世界性的大河,其下游干流悬浮物代表整个流域上陆壳细颗粒风化物质的混合,反映整个流域的化学风化强度。台湾河流属构造隆升背景下的山溪性小河流,有"瞬时大通量—极端气候影响—快速物质转换"的特点。其河流沉积物的源岩为多旋回的沉积岩和变质沉积岩,反映出强物理风化,弱化学风化的特点。浙闽河流同属于山溪性小河流,但其流域区域构造较稳定,地形起伏也较小,加之气候炎热多雨,所以化学风化较强,反映出流域受季风气候的控制。沉积物的Al2O3/Si O2值可作为一个可靠的矿物分选指标,Al2O3/Si O2与CIA,WIP,αAl值等化学风化指标的相关关系可以指示分选与风化作用对沉积物组成的影响。WIP受石英稀释作用影响较大,而CIA几乎不受石英稀释作用影响,二者的相关关系可以指示沉积多旋回性对沉积物组成的影响(Garzanti et al,2013)。沉积物地球化学组成的"粒度控制",是由于不同粒级沉积物中矿物组成差异所致,"粒度分异"的实质是"矿物分异"。本研究从矿物入手,讨论了水动力分选及化学风化作用对河流入海沉积物的影响,揭示出分选和化风化作用共同影响沉积物的矿物及元素地化组成。元素的表生地球化学行为,本质上是由元素在不同矿物中富集及迁移的规律决定的。化学风化和水动力分选都影响碎屑沉积物矿物组成的变化,继而引起沉积物元素地球化学组成的变化。 相似文献
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广州流溪河河水主要化学组成时空分布特征及控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本次研究报道了位于广州市典型热带-亚热带河流流溪河上游、中游和下游3个站点(东星、乌石和江高)河水的主要化学成分在近1年的持续变化时间序列.结果显示,3个站点河水的阳离子均主要来自硅酸盐的化学风化输出,但贡献率略有差异,其中在上游的东星站贡献率最大,下游的江高站次之,中游的乌石站相对较少.相较之下,阴离子的来源更为多样,其中F?主要来自于岩石风化,Cl?、SO42?和NO3?更多地受到海洋源降雨或咸潮作用的影响.流域内主要化学风化反应以钾长石、钠长石和钙长石的溶解为主.从上游到下游,Si/TZ+*比值和Si/(Na*+K)比值逐渐降低,说明上游硅酸盐岩风化较下游更为强烈.从上游到下游,随工农业生产活动的增加,人类活动对河流水化学组成的贡献逐渐增大,岩石风化输出的相对贡献逐渐减小. 相似文献
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海水及淡水养殖珍珠的物质组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用偏光显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅利叶红外光谱仪、电子顺磁共振谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、原子吸收光谱仪等测定了淡水珍珠、海水珍珠及部分贝壳的矿物及化学组成.研究表明: 珍珠矿物组成单一, 主要由文石构成, 仅含少量球文石或方解石; 淡水珍珠明显富含Mn, 而海水珍珠中明显富含Na、K、Mg、Sr; 这种富集特征与淡水、海水中元素的富集特征相似.此外, 各颜色品种之间化学成分也存在微小的差异, 白色珍珠比有色珍珠更纯净, 所含铁、锰、铬等致色元素更低.紫色珍珠略富含Mg、Mn, 橙色者明显富含Fe, 而黑色海水珍珠的颜色可能与有机组分有关. 相似文献
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Jianying MA Wei SUN Huiwen ZHANG Dunsheng XIA Chengbang AN Fahu CHEN 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(1):107-111
The stable carbon isotope composition in surface soil organic matter (δ13Csoil) contains integrative information on the carbon isotope composition of the standing terrestrial plants (δ13Cleaf). In order to obtain valuable vegetation information from the δ13C of terrestrial sediment, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the δ13C value in modern surface soil and the standing vegetation. In this paper, we studied the δ13C value in modern surface soil organic matter and standing vegetation in arid areas in China, Australia and the United States.
The isotopic discrepancy between δ13Csoil and δ13Cleaf of the standing dominant vegetation was examined in those different arid regions. The results show that the δ13Csoil values were consistently enriched compared to the δ13Cleaf. The δ13Cleaf values were positively correlated with δ13Csoil, which suggests that the interference of microorganisms and hydrophytes on the isotopic composition of surface soil
organic matter during soil organic matter formation could be ignored in arid regions. The averaged discrepancy between δ13Csoil and δ13Cleaf is about 1.71%in Tamarix L. in the Tarim Basin in China, 1.50% in Eucalytus near Orange in Australia and 1.22% in Artemisia in Saratoga in the United States, which are different from the results of other studies. The results indicate that the discrepancies
in the δ13C value between surface soil organic matter and standing vegetation were highly influenced by the differences in geophysical
location and the dominant species of the studied ecosystems. We suggest that caution should be taken when organic matter δ13C in terrestrial sediment is used to extract paleovegetation information (C3/C4 vegetation composition), as the δ13C in soil organic matter is not only determined by the ratio of C3/C4 species, but also profoundly affected by climate change induced variation in the δ13C in dominant species. 相似文献
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The problem of comparison of the composition of crystalline rocks with the composition of the constituent minerals of these rocks is considered. It is proposed to present the composition of rocks and the compositions of the constituent minerals in the form of a triangle on the plane. The experience of presentation of compositions in phase diagrams was taken as a basis for the construction. Analysis of the crystallochemical characteristics of clinopyroxenes and garnets has shown that three parameters are enough for depicting the compositions of these and other minerals. For this purpose, similar composition components of rocks and their minerals are summarized in molecular proportions and are plotted on the triangle DO-1/2(R2O3)-XO2, where DO = (MgO + CaO + FeO + MnO + NiO + ...) + 1/4(Na2O + Al2O3) + 1/4(K2O + Al2O3), 1/2(R2O3) = 1/2(Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + Cr2O3 + ...) - (1/4(Na2O + Al2O3) + 1/4(K2O + Al2O3)), and XO2 = SiO2 + TiO2. The compositions of minerals are expressed as the sums of their components: Ol = Fo + Fa + Lar + Neph + ..., Px = Di + En + Wol + Ged + Gip + Jd + Eg + ..., Ga = Pyr + Gross + Alm + Spe + Ski + Knr + Mj + ..., etc. A step-by-step calculation algorithm is proposed, which permits evaluation of the contents of bi- and trivalent iron during probe microanalyses of garnets and pyroxenes. Comparison of the compositions of deep-seated rocks and their minerals shows their good consistency. The proposed schematic projection permits a visual comparison of the compositions of rocks with low contents of carbonates and water, from ultrabasic (e.g., dunites) to acid (e.g., granites) ones. 相似文献
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风化型和含煤建沉积型高岭土的物质组成对比研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
魏俊峰 《华东地质学院学报》2000,23(3):184-187
我国高岭土资源丰富,矿床类型多,其中风化和含煤建造沉积型是两类比较重要的高岭土矿床,对这两类高岭土矿床化学组成,矿物组成及高岭石矿物学特征的异同点进行研究和探讨,其结果表明,风化高岭土的化学成分一般属硅高铝低型,钾含量偏高,钛含量低,铁含量则随成矿线岩和风化条件的不同波动范围大,矿物组成主要为结晶度较差的高岭石、水云线和石英,以及极少量的管状埃洛石,含煤建造沉积型高岭土一般属铝高硅低型,钾含量低,钛含量明显偏高,矿物组成简单,高岭石含量〉９５％,结晶度较好。 相似文献
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Xuan Tang Jinchuan Zhang Yang Liu Chao Yang Qian Chen Wei Dang Panwang Zhao 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(1):140-151
Different from previous studies on effect of weathering upon geochemical variation along a single weathered profile, this paper provides a new methodology validated by comparing a weathered outcrop samples and their stratigraphic counterpart un-weathered core samples in a nearby shallow borehole. This outcrop and borehole penetrated the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shales, located in the same anticline structure in the northern part of Guizhou Province, Southern China. The mineral composition, major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) composition and Rock-Eval parameters of outcrop and core samples were analyzed and compared. Organic matter (OM) was observed in the microscope and extracted for elements analysis. The results show that short-term weathering still has significant influence on OM, mineral and elemental composition of black shales. The elements composition shows the outcrop profile was moderately weathered. The REEs compositions do not alter much during weathering process and the REEs composition and their relative ratios still are valid for rock origin determination. The OM, mainly composed by graptolite and bitumen, even entering the highly-over thermal maturity, is still sensitive to the weathering with a systematic loss 30–50% of TOC along the outcrop profile, which suggests that the OM consumption is predominantly controlled by weathering duration and the distance from the weathering surface. In turn, OM has significant influence on the trace elements transportation behavior during weathering. Some trace elements associated with the OM such as V, Cr, Th, U, Ni and Co, change significantly in their absolute concentration during weathering, but their relative ratios do not necessarily change too much and might be still reliable proxies for paleo-environmental determination. The mobility of shale minerals during weathering is in the following order: plagioclase?>?potassium feldspar and dolomite >pyrite and OM. Short-term weathering can also result in considerable transportation of elements and significant variation of minerals content in black shale, which may pose potentially high environmental and engineering risk in the regions rich in black shale. 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地东部地区天然气地球化学特征及成因探讨(之二) 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
天然气的组分和碳、氢同位素组成特征研究表明塔里木盆地已发现的天然气均为热解气。通过气源对比可知,该盆地东部地区的天然气主要有两种类型 :1)是来自震旦纪到下古生界海相腐泥型母质的油型气,其甲烷、乙烷、丙烷δ13C值,分别为-44.5‰～-33.8‰、- 42‰～-2 8.1‰和-35.4‰～-2 8.4‰,其甲烷的氢同位素组成大于- 2 0 0‰;2 )是产自中生代陆相腐殖型源岩的煤型气,其甲烷、乙烷、丙烷的δ13C值分别为-40.5‰～-33.1‰、- 2 9.7‰～-2 1.3‰和-2 6.3‰～-2 0.3‰,其甲烷的氢同位素组成小于-2 0 0‰。将天然气的地化特征与地质背景相结合判断可知,在塔北隆起地区一些天然气藏是由成熟 (高成熟 )阶段的油型气与过成熟阶段的油型气混合形成,另一些天然气藏是由成熟阶段的油型气和成熟阶段的煤型气混合形成. 相似文献
18.
Zhang Qian Zhang Baogui Cao Yubo Pan Jiayong Zeng Tianyuand Hao ShuzhiInstitute of Geochemistry Academia Sini Guiyang Guangxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(1)
The Dajiangping pyrite deposit located in the middle sector of the Yunkai uplift in western Guangdong is a stratiform sulphide deposit occurring in Sinian marine clastic and fine clastic rocks. The formation of the deposit was related to submarine exhalation and hot brine deposition. A part of it was reformed by late-stage hydrothermal solution. The δ34S values of pyrite vary from - 25.55‰ to +21.07‰, which are inversely proportional to the content of organic carbon in ore and pyrite. Passing from striped fine-grained pyrite ore to massive coarse-grained pyrite ore, i.e. from south to north, the sulphur isotopic composition changes from the light sulphur-enriched one to the heavy sulphur-enriched one. The lead isotopic composition of striped ore is consistent with that of the country rocks of orebodies and the lead is radiogenic lead derived from the upper crust. The lead isotopic composition of massive ore is relatively homogeneous and its 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios are a bit lo 相似文献
19.
安徽齐云山晚白垩世恐龙蛋矿物和元素组成及古环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安徽齐云山新发现的恐龙蛋化石保存完好,是研究该地区晚白垩世恐龙动物群生活环境及绝灭的关键。本文采用粉晶X射线衍射法(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)分析齐云山恐龙蛋壳、蛋核及围岩的宏观矿物及主量、微量元素组成,以探讨齐云山晚白垩世古环境和古气候特征。结果表明:恐龙蛋壳主要矿物组成为方解石和石英,且蛋内外物质矿物组成相似,主要为石英和长石;而元素组成包括常量元素Ca、Na、Mg、K、Al和Fe及微量元素Sr、Zn、Ba、As、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Mn、Pb、La、U和Ir,其中Sr在蛋壳中含量的平均值为6199.3×10~(-6),高于河南西峡及广东南雄大部分恐龙蛋壳中的Sr含量,蛋壳中Ir含量的平均值为59.6×10~(-12),Sr和Ir与背景值相比均有明显异常,分析认为是恐龙与外界进行物质交换时吸收有害元素引起的。而As、Mn和Pb的富集及Zn的不足可能使恐龙机体中毒进而灭绝。围岩中Fe含量的增加表明齐云山地区晚白垩世为干旱炎热的气候条件,与Fe呈正相关性的Ir元素随Fe含量的增加而富集,且越靠近K/T界线,围岩中Sr和Ir元素含量越高,这是导致该地区恐龙动物群绝灭的原因之一。此结论为研究齐云山地区恐龙动物群的生活环境提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
Abstract The Dajiangping pyrite deposit located in the middle sector of the Yunkai uplift in western Guangdong is a stratiform sulphide deposit occurring in Sinian marine clastic and fine clastic rocks. The formation of the deposit was related to submarine exhalation and hot brine deposition. A part of it was reformed by late-stage hydro thermal solution. The δ34S values of pyrite vary from — 25.55‰ to + 21.07‰, which are inversely proportional to the content of organic carbon in ore and pyrite. Passing from striped fine-grained pyrite ore to massive coarse-grained pyrite ore, i.e. from south to north, the sulphur isotopic composition changes from the light sulphur-enriched one to the heavy sulphur-enriched one. The lead isotopic composition of striped ore is consistent with that of the country locks of orebodies and the lead is radiogenic lead derived from the upper crust. The lead isotopic composition of massive ore is relatively homogeneous and its 206/Pb204Pb, 207/Pb204Pb and 208/Pb204Pb ratios are a bit lower than those of striped ore; the lead result from mixing of synsedimentary ore lead with that derived from basement migmatite brought by late-stage hydrothermal solutions. 相似文献