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1.
在前人资料和野外勘查的基础上对祁连山及邻区贵德盆地、循化—化隆盆地、同仁盆地、西宁盆地、门源盆地、临夏盆地、兰州盆地、定西盆地、天水盆地、肃北盆地、酒泉盆地、玉门盆地、张掖盆地、武威盆地、哈拉湖盆地、苏里盆地、木里盆地、民和盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地及柴达木等20余个盆地的第四纪地层进行了研究。以祁连山第四纪构造地貌演化、盆地沉积序列、古生物及古气候特征为地层分区依据,对祁连山及邻区第四纪地层进行了地层分区,并对部分地层名称做了厘定或统一。祁连山及邻区第四纪沉积特征总体为东部(主要为陇中地区)黄土分布广泛,堆积了世界上最厚的黄土地层;北部(河西走廊地区)冲洪积扇堆积及风沙发育;南部(柴北盆地)以冲洪积-湖积为主,晚更新世以来发育风成沙及黄土;共和盆地由湖泊转向冲积扇和风沙沉积;青海湖盆延续至今;中西部高山及山间盆地冰碛、冰水堆积以及河流阶地堆积发育。根据上述特征及划分原则,将祁连山及邻区第四纪地层区划分为:兰州—西宁地层区,贵德地层区,酒泉—张掖地层区,柴北地层区,共和地层区,青海湖地层区及肃北—门源地层区。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原新生代构造岩相古地理演化及其对构造隆升的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在系统分析青藏高原新生代98个残留盆地类型、形成构造背景、岩石地层序列的基础上, 对青藏高原古新世—始新世、渐新世、中新世及上新世构造岩相古地理演化特征进行了讨论: (1)古新世—始新世: 松潘—甘孜和冈底斯带为大面积构造隆起蚀源区.塔里木东部、柴达木、羌塘、可可西里地区主体表现为大面积的构造压陷湖盆-冲泛平原沉积.高原西部和南部为新特提斯海.(2)渐新世: 冈底斯—喜马拉雅和喀喇昆仑大范围沉积缺失, 指示上述地区大面积隆升.沿雅江自东向西古河形成(大竹卡砾岩).西昆仑和松潘—甘孜地区仍为隆起蚀源区.塔里木、柴达木、羌塘、可可西里地区主体表现为大面积构造压陷湖盆沉积.塔里木西南部为压陷盆地滨浅海沉积.渐新世末塔里木海相沉积结束.(3)中新世: 约23 Ma时高原及周边不整合面广布, 标志高原整体隆升.塔里木、柴达木及西宁—兰州、羌塘、可可西里等地区主体表现为大面积的构造压陷湖盆沉积; 约18~13 Ma高原及周边出现中新世最大湖泊扩张期.约13~10 Ma期间, 藏南南北向断陷盆地形成, 是高原隆升到足够高度开始垮塌的标志.(4)上新世: 除可可西里—羌塘、塔里木、柴达木等少数大型湖盆外, 大部分地区为隆起剥蚀区.由于上新世的持续隆升和强烈的断裂活动, 使大型盆地的基底抬升被分割为小盆地, 湖相沉积显著萎缩, 进入巨砾岩堆积期, 是高原整体隆升的响应.高原从古近纪的东高西低格局, 经历了新近纪全区的不均衡隆升和坳陷, 最终铸就了西高东低的地貌格局, 青藏作为一个统一的高原发生了重大的地貌反转事件. 相似文献
3.
张予杰 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,(3):1-9
对青藏高原晚白垩世地层进行了系统的梳理,开展了青藏高原晚白垩世地层区划的初步研究,共划分出3个地层大区、12个地层区、12个地层分区。详细介绍了各个地层区的上白垩统的地层命名系统及发育情况,其中青藏高原北部祁连-柴达木-巴颜喀拉-羌塘地层大区主要为河湖相沉积的陆相地层系统;青藏高原中部班公湖．双湖．怒江地层大区主要为一套陆相磨拉石沉积地层;青藏高原南部冈底斯一喜马拉雅地层大区主要以海相地层、海陆过渡相地层为主。 相似文献
4.
系统分析青藏高原新生代中新世50余个沉积盆地的类型、构造背景、岩石地层序列,对青藏高原中新世构造岩相古地理演化特征进行分析和探讨。中新世,青藏高原海相沉积已经全面退出,全部转为陆相沉积,约23Ma时高原及周边不整合面广布,标志高原整体隆升。塔里木、柴达木及西宁-兰州、羌塘、可可西里等地区主体表现为大面积的构造压陷湖盆沉积。约17.2Ma左右,阿尔金山显著隆升,使柴达木盆地西叉沟一带再无生物礁灰岩出现,且在盆地西部出现了短暂的沉积间断。这一时期,柴达木盆地西部开始进入湖退期,而东南部则快速湖进;同时,大约17.7Ma索尔库里山间盆地初始凹陷形成。另外,高原腹地五道梁-沱沱河盆地受南部唐古拉山的挤压抬升,在16Ma左右结束了五道梁组的沉积,在可可西里—唢呐湖一带则再次凹陷接受唢呐湖组沉积,形成高原腹地的大型压陷湖盆。13～10Ma期间,藏南南北向断陷盆地的形成,是高原隆升到足够高度开始垮塌的标志;约8Ma以来,高原东北部几乎所有湖盆均进入湖退期,普遍出现冲积扇、辫状河和水下扇砂砾岩堆积。 相似文献
5.
柴达木盆地第四纪环境演变、构造变形与青藏高原隆升的关系 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17
青藏高原北部柴达木盆地发育了巨厚的第四纪河湖相沉积。盆内沉积地层强烈的构造变形以及湖盆环境突变进一步证实了青藏高原经历了多期挤压隆升运动。沉积环境、介形虫和植物孢粉化石及磁性地层研究表明,自距今 2.5Ma以来,青藏高原共经历了距今2.52～2.28Ma,1.94～1.66Ma,1.38～1.1Ma,0.71～0.5Ma和 0.24～0.09Ma 5次强烈的隆升阶段,分别对应于青藏运动B幕和C幕、昆黄运动A幕和B幕以及共和运动。高原内、外 9个盆地的构造—沉积记录对比研究也进一步揭示了青藏高原隆起的整体性和阶段性。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原昆仑山垭口地区发育一套第四纪地层,自下而上有:惊仙组(惊仙冰碛层)、羌塘组、纳赤台沟组、三岔河组、小南川组和热水组。在羌塘组和三岔河组发现丰富的介形虫化石,可明显地划分两个介形虫组合,即:①Ilyocypris-Candona-Leucocythere-Li mnocytherellina组合和②Li mnocythere-Prionocypris-Eucypris-Ilyocypris组合。第1组合的化石包含8属25种,分布于羌塘组,以其中段化石最为丰富,该组合显示了西藏色林湖-班戈湖夏穷错组、青海阿乙亥组、陕西-河南三门组和华北地区泥河湾组早更新世的特征,故含第1组合及所含地层---羌塘组的时代无疑应归属为早更新世,但不排斥其上段上部有延至中更新世的可能。第2组合由9属12种组成,其中有9个现生种,该组合发现于三岔河组上部,显示了青海中-上更新统二郎尖组,西藏色林湖-班戈湖地区上更新统同旧藏布组的特征,故含第2组合及其地层---三河岔组应归属晚更新世,但其中-下部有属中更新世的可能。根据介形虫化石古生态特征和生态组合的变化及沉积特征,羌塘组为河湖相沉积,下段为冲积扇的粗碎屑沉积,中段为湖相细碎屑沉积,上段为扇三角洲粗碎屑沉积。三岔河组的中-下部为辫状河流相的沉积,上部为湖相沉积。青藏高原在整体上升的同时,于早-晚更新世高原的边缘地区受到河流的切割,而在断陷盆地则仍接受沉积。 相似文献
7.
山西宁武地区高山湖泊全新世湖相地层划分及干海组的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过山西宁武地区高山湖泊湖相沉积地层的浅井挖掘,在天池湖泊群一带发现了厚度大于6m的以草炭、泥炭、粘土及砂层为主的湖相沉积物.根据实测的干海、天池和琵琶海3条剖面,将分布于高山湖盆区内的湖相地层划分为12层,层序地层显示出以干海为代表的古湖泊由浅湖→滨湖→沼泽的演化趋势.湖相沉积的14C法测年结果为10950～260aBP,ESR法年龄测定结果为(9±3～8±1)ka,这表明高山湖盆内湖相沉积的形成时代为全新世.根据沉积相、岩相组合等特征,结合同位素测年、孢粉分析、微体古生物鉴定等资料,首次建立了山西宁武地区高山湖泊全新世湖相沉积地层序列,并将该套地层命名为干海组. 相似文献
8.
通过对扎陵湖和鄂陵湖沿岸的湖积阶地中湖相沉积的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于盆地内的第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层进行了详细的研究和划分、重新厘定了该区第四纪岩石地层单元,确立了生物地层和年代地层序列.建立了青海东南部地区第四纪早更新世-全新世湖相地层单位-黄河源群(QH),黄河源群是由第四系下更新统野生沟组(Qp~1γ)、中更新统鄂陵湖组(Qp~2e)、上更新统大野马岭组(Qp~3d)和全新统黑河乡组(Qhh)等4个组组成.为青藏高原湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁研究,以及第四纪地层的划分与对比等提供了新资料. 相似文献
9.
晋中盆地是位于汾渭地堑系中部的新生代陆内断陷沉积盆地,研究晋中盆地第四纪的沉积序列对于进一步认识该盆地区域构造和区域气候环境变化具有重要意义。为查明晋中盆地第四纪沉积序列结构、研究揭示晋中盆地第四纪沉积环境及演化,通过构造岩相学方法,对晋中盆地地表和钻孔内第四纪沉积物和沉积环境进行了研究。结果表明:晋中盆地清徐地区地表第四纪沉积序列结构为盆地内部沱阳组河床相和河漫滩相-盆地边缘汾河组河流相—盆山过渡带峙峪组河流相、汾河组冲积扇相及马兰组风积相-基岩山地（盆地外围）二叠系浅海相。钻孔岩芯内第四纪沉积序列结构为下更新统浅湖相和滨湖相—中更新统浅湖相和河流相—上更新统河流相和冲积扇相—全新统冲积扇相。研究认为晋中新生代陆内断陷盆地内沉积序列和演化结构为早更新世陆相湖盆沉积环境—中更新世萎缩湖泊环境—晚更新世强烈萎缩的湖泊和河流环境—全新世再度沉降的陆相湖盆;陆相湖盆从中心向山地沉积环境分带为湖泊沉积环境—河流和湖泊沉积环境—冲积扇沉积环境（盆地边缘出山口区）。盆山过渡带地区上更新世沉积物错位现象与同沉积活动断裂有关,断裂活动性揭示了晋中盆地阶梯式断陷成盆的动力学机制。这些研究成果为区域气候环境变化和晋中盆地区域构造研究提供了新证据,也为太原市城市群建设中工程场址的选择提了供参考。 相似文献
10.
柴达木盆地北缘第四纪发育比较强烈的左旋斜冲构造运动,形成长达百余公里、宽度超过30km的大型推覆构造,由斜冲断层、逆冲岩席和褶皱构造等组成。根据野外观测相关资料,柴达木盆地北缘第四纪发生两期构造变形： 早更新世不同规模的逆冲岩席如中新元古代中深变质岩、古生代浅变质岩与中生代沉积地层沿北西西－北西向断层发生左旋斜冲构造运动,导致下伏中新统和上新统湖相沉积地层强烈褶皱变形,上覆不同规模的逆冲岩席; 晚更新世中晚期构造运动导致中晚更新世砾石层发生宽缓褶皱变形。估算柴达木盆地北缘第四纪斜冲推覆构造运动产生的最小缩短量约为 17～18km,平均缩短速率约为 6.6～6.9mm/a。柴达木盆地北缘第四纪斜冲推覆构造运动是青藏高原北部新生代逆冲推覆构造运动自南向北扩展迁移的重要表现形式。 相似文献
11.
西藏纳木错第四纪湖相地层划分及纳木错群的建立 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
第四纪湖相地层剖面实测和水准仪测量表明,在西藏纳木错沿岸,发育有拔湖48m以下的6级湖岸阶地和拔湖48m以上最高至139.2m的高位湖相沉积。纳木错湖相或湖滨相沉积的铀系等时线年龄测定结果表明,高位湖相沉积形成于晚更新世早期,第六至第三级阶地则分别形成于晚更新世中期至晚期。14C法测年表明,第二和第一级阶地的形成时间介于13820～2350年间,属全新世。根据沉积相、岩相组合等特征,并结合同位素测年、微体古生物鉴定等资料,将该套地层命名为纳木错群,由上更新统干玛弄组和全新统扎弄淌组组成。 相似文献
12.
西藏那曲县西的错鄂(31°24′～31°32′N,91°28′～91°33′E,湖面海拔4515m)东南岸(嘎杂西北坡),发育了拔湖18～271m的湖相沉积。错鄂及邻区湖相沉积的U系法测年和孢粉分析结果表明,至少在75.3～48.8kaBP间,当地植被经历了早期以松、蒿、桦为主的森林草原和晚期以松、蒿、水龙骨科为主的森林草原或森林等两个阶段,反映了气候由温和较干到温和偏干的状况,但晚期温度与湿度均较早期为高,而干燥度则略有降低。同时,包括错鄂盆地在内的“那曲盆地”则是古“羌塘东湖”的东半部。约在37kaBP左右,可能由于怒江的溯源侵蚀,切开了“羌塘东湖”与怒江的分水岭,使“羌塘东湖”的东半部古湖外泄,而成为外流区———怒江(上游那曲)流域的一部分。正因为有古湖外泄的一段历史,故可以理解钻穿了整个第四纪地层的错鄂孔B/M界线以上部分的地层较薄的原因了。 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,37(3-4)
Sediments of the upper part of the Sokolov Formation of the Sokolov Brown Coal Basin consist mostly of brown lacustrine clays and claystones enriched in organic matter (2–18% TOC). The lower portion of the stratigraphic profile is formed mostly by kaolinite–illite clays and claystones, while the montmorillonite content increases in the upper portion. The change in the lithology of sediments is caused by the gradual erosion of the weathering crust in the source areas of the clastic material. Inversion of the weathering profile during erosion is manifested geochemically in a decrease in the Al2O3/Na2O ratio and an increase in the SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/K2O and K2O/TiO2 ratios from the base to the top of the studied part of the Sokolov Formation. The amounts of trace elements (La, Ce, Nb, Zr, Cr, V, Sn) also decrease in the same direction. On the other hand, the amounts of Rb and Sr increase. The organic matter of the upper part of the Sokolov Formation consists primarily of Types I and II kerogen. Only near the base of the studied part of the formation, i.e., in the coal stringer, kerogen of Type III prevails. The extremely low degree of thermal maturity permits determination of the source of the organic matter and characterization of its accumulation environment. The organic material in the sediments is predominantly of algae origin. Relatively high amount of pentacyclic triterpanes of the hopane series indicates either the occurrence of cyanobacteria as primary producers or bacterial reworking during sedimentation and diagenesis. Organic matter accumulated under the conditions of a fresh-water lake or lake with slightly elevated salinity, in a dysoxic aqueous environment. The alternation of organic carbon-rich layers with layers low in organic matter is explained in terms of changes in the degree of dysoxia of the aqueous environment and a variation in the intensity of oxidation and mineralization of the organic material. 相似文献
14.
Aleksandra AJNOV Vladimir SIMI Branimir JOVANIEVI Olga CVETKOVI Radovan DIMITRIJEVI Nenad GRUBIN 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6)
Sediments of the western part of the Valjevo-Mionica basin (Serbia) were examined both geochemically and mineralogically to explain, on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics, the causes of changes in their qualitative and quantitative composition. A total of 62 samples obtained from the drillhole at depths up to 400 m was investigated. Using correlation of the obtained data, six geochemical zones were defined, two of which being specially distinguished by their mineralogical, geochemical and sedimentological characteristics. The first one, upper zone A, consists of banded marlstones interbedded with clay and oil shales and is characterized by presence of analcite and searlesite. These minerals and very high contents of Na2O indicate sedimentation in alkaline conditions with increased salinity in arid climate. That provided pronounced water stratification, as well as higher bioproductivity in the basin and sedimentary organic matter preservation. Therefore, the zone A sediments are characterized by high organic matter contents of the type which provides good potential for production of liquid hydrocarbons. Another specific zone, zone F, contains sediments with very high MgO, K2O and Li concentrations. Their geochemical correlation, as well as almost complete absence of illite in this zone, indicates the presence of interstratified clay mineral type illite-saponite (lithium-bearing Mg-smectite). 相似文献
15.
本文作者之一曾于1993年报道过在泥河湾盆地虎头梁剖面发现的第四纪湖相叠层石,并根据测年数据和其中所含的藻类化石,认为它是末次间冰期的温暖期中藻类生命活动的产物。近年来,作者对叠层石的生态环境做了进一步的分析。结果表明,所发现的湖相叠层石主要生活在古泥河湾湖水深0．4～46cm左右的湖滨浅水地带;在末次间冰期中气温最高的时期,温暖干燥的气候环境和盐度较大的湖泊水体,为藻类的繁衍和叠层石的形成提供了适宜的条件。通过湖相叠层石的生态环境分析,不仅有助于重建古泥河湾湖的环境,而且也有助于加深对本区末次间冰期气候的了解。 相似文献
16.
Deep sea sediment cores taken between 50° and 75°N in the North Atlantic, in water depths varying between 1340 and 3850 m, were examined to provide an astronomically calibrated late Quaternary time-scale based on physical property records. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluator (GRAPE) density changes of these cores revealed significant responses to orbital forcing in the eccentricity (100 kyr), obliquity (41 kyr) and precessional (23, 19 kyr) bands. At 75°N (Greenland Sea), a response to obliquity forcing was weak despite the fact that it should become more pronounced in sediments at high latitudes. Application of bandpass filtering at the obliquity period (41 kyr), however, showed that variance at this period did exist in the magnetic susceptibility record, but at a very low power. At 50°N stacked curves of magnetic susceptibility correlated strongly with the SPECMAP curve for the past 500 ka. Since about 65 ka, dropstone layers are recorded in both magnetic susceptibility and GRAPE data of Rockall Plateau sediments. Although Rockall Plateau sediments show peaks in physical properties that correlate with Heinrich events (H1, H2, H4, H5, H6), such a relationship was not readily observed in Norwegian-Greenland Sea records. Heinrich events at Rockall Plateau sites indicate a northward flow of icebergs in the eastern North Atlantic. This flow pattern and the presence of Heinrich events during the past 65 ka raise the questions of whether similar events occurred before this time period, and to what kind of ice sheet dynamics and climatic-oceanographic conditions favoured major iceberg surges from the Laurentide ice sheet to the North Atlantic at 50°N. 相似文献
17.
The deposits of Glacial Lake Quincy overlie a diamicton associated with the classically defined Illinoian limit in central Indiana. This lake covered at least 180 km2 with a depth of > 20 m and developed when the Illinoian ice sheet retreated 15 km from the maximum limit, causing lake impoundment against Devore Ridge. Overflow from Glacial Lake Quincy eroded across the ridge forming a number of steeped-walled outlets. A section along Mill Creek exposes a sedimentologic sequence associated with Glacial Lake Quincy from a subglacial diamicton to ice-proximal to ice-distal glacial lacustrine sediments. We report new optical ages by multiple aliquot regenerative dose procedure for the fine-grained rhythmically bedded sediments presumed to represent the lowest energy depositional facies, dominated by suspension settling, which maximized sunlight exposure. In turn, optical ages were determined on the fine-grained (4-11 μm) polymineral and quartz fractions under infrared and blue excitation, which yielded statistically similar ages. Optical ages span from ca. 170 to 108 ka, with the average of 16 optical ages indicating deglaciation at ca. 135 ka, generally coincident with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6-to-5 transition and rise in global sea level. 相似文献
18.
Aleksra ?AJNOVI? Vladimir SIMI? Branimir JOVAN?I?EVI? Olga CVETKOVI? Radovan DIMITRIJEVI? Nenad GRUBIN 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(6):1201-1212
Sediments of the western part of the Valjevo-Mionica basin （Serbia） were examined both geochemically and mineralogically to explain, on the basis of their sedimentologicai characteristics, the causes of changes in their qualitative and quantitative composition. A total of 62 samples obtained from the drillhole at depths up to 400 m was investigated. Using correlation of the obtained data, six geochemical zones were defined, two of which being specially distinguished by their mineralogical, geochemical and sedimentological characteristics. The first one, upper zone A, consists of banded marlstones interbedded with clay and oil shales and is characterized by presence of analcite and searlesite. These minerals and very high contents of Na20 indicate sedimentation in alkaline conditions with increased salinity in arid climate. That provided pronounced water stratification, as well as higher bioproductivity in the basin and sedimentary organic matter preservation. Therefore, the zone A sediments are characterized by high organic matter contents of the type which provides good potential for production of liquid hydrocarbons. Another specific zone, zone F, contains sediments with very high MgO, K2O and Li concentrations. Their geochemical correlation, as well as almost complete absence of illite in this zone, indicates the presence of interstratified clay mineral type illite-saponite （lithium-bearing Mg-smectite）. 相似文献
19.
利用大量岩芯、薄片、地震及分析化验资料，围绕南翼山—大风山地区的上新统上油砂山组(N22)咸化湖沼沉积，研究沉积特征及成因机制，建立沉积模式，分析控制因素。研究表明：①上新统上油砂山组(N22)沉积时期，南翼山—大风山地区为咸化湖沼环境，因咸水与淡水频繁融合，构成独特的生态系统，发育适应性的水生生物与微生物等，由生物、化学、物理沉积作用共同影响，形成咸化沼泽沉积组合。②明确了咸化湖沼相识别标志，主要包括沼泽土以及大量近地表暴露标志等，并伴生湖沼相微生物岩与微体化石组合等。③沼泽环境共发育7类岩相，进一步分析主要岩相的沉积特征及控制因素。④沼泽环境可分为滨岸带、植被带及浸没区，不同环境可形成不同的沉积层序、发育不同沉积岩相组合。咸化湖沼相的沉积层序主要包括退积型准层序，进积型准层序以及加积型准层序等。 相似文献
20.
A synthesis of pollen evidence from Etang du Pourra, a small pond in Rhodanian Provence, France, complemented by new sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological data allow a reassessment of the Lateglacial-Holocene vegetation and climatic history of the area. The Etang du Pourra succession is shown to consist of two parts; the lower part dates from the Lateglacial and the upper reveals the Holocene pollen-stratigraphic succession typical of the region. In the Lateglacial, a humid and cooler phase is recorded before the Younger Dryas conditions progressively set in. In the Holocene succession, the consequences of human modifications on the environment are clearly visible in changes in mineralogy and pollen stratigraphy. 相似文献