共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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一种基于DEM的洪水有源淹没算法的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洪水淹没范围的确定是洪灾损失评估和防洪决策的核心环节,现已成为GIS在水利应用领域的研究前沿,洪水淹没模拟分为有源淹没和无源淹没两种情形,针对有源淹没的递归算法占用计算机资源较多,容易造成系统堆栈溢出,导致程序崩溃等缺陷,丈中提出了一种计算洪水有源淹没范围算法：堆栈节点遍历算法：其以．NET为编程基础平台,在GIS技术的基础上应用数字高程模型（DEM）的格网模型进行洪水淹没分析一通过与原有的递归算法对比,该算法在一定程度上提高了计算效率和稳定性,最后成功应用在“南昌洪水淹没分析系统”中,对促进防洪减灾的信息化建设有一定意义。 相似文献
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基于DEM的三峡区间洪水淹没范围模拟 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于栅格型数字高程模型，采用VC 6．0和MapObjects进行三峡区间的洪水淹没模拟，包括数字高程模型数据的预处理、矢量与栅格数据的一体化管理、无源淹没和有源淹没分析模拟。应用结果表明：洪水淹没区范围可以准确计算，洪水淹没过程的动态可以清楚地图示，这为灾情评估和防洪决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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基于GIS的洪灾遥感监测与损失风险评价系统 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
洪灾遥感监测与损失风险评价系统,是以RS和GIS为技术支撑平台,由洪水灾害信息接收与采集,洪水灾害模拟和洪水灾害损失组成的较完整的系统,将数据库与模型库集成,当系统接受和采集了实时获取的洪水灾害的遥感监测与常规观测的信息后,通过图像处理与信息融合,能迅速确定洪水灾情在空间和时间上的分布,实时地提供洪水淹没范围并估算经济损失,为专家调度决策、指挥救灾抗灾工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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防洪效益评估对防洪工程投资决策与减灾对策制定具有重要意义。建立集成了与太湖流域防洪效益评估相关的系列模型和方法,包括含降雨产流与平原净雨计算的水文分析方法、由河网水动力学模型和平原区域洪水分析模型组成的大尺度水力学模型、综合流域社会经济和淹没因素的洪灾损失评估模型。模拟了太湖流域遇特大洪水的灾害损失,开展了不同防洪工程应对流域性特大洪水减灾效益的预测分析。结果表明：1999年型200年一遇降雨将会给太湖流域造成高达568.29亿元的直接经济损失,外排动力增强30%至100%的防洪效益介于26.69亿元到45.70亿元之间,新建圩区、太浦河拓宽的防洪效益依次减小,而圩区泵排能力增加30%的防洪效益仅为0.65亿元。基于研究成果提出了增设外排泵站、加强圩区科学调度、通过保险分担风险等应对特大洪水的对策措施建议,为太湖流域特大洪水的防治提供支撑和参考。 相似文献
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防洪效益评估对防洪工程投资决策与减灾对策制定具有重要意义。建立集成了与太湖流域防洪效益评估相关的系列模型和方法，包括含降雨产流与平原净雨计算的水文分析方法、由河网水动力学模型和平原区域洪水分析模型组成的大尺度水力学模型、综合流域社会经济和淹没因素的洪灾损失评估模型。模拟了太湖流域遇特大洪水的灾害损失，开展了不同防洪工程应对流域性特大洪水减灾效益的预测分析。结果表明:1999年型200年一遇降雨将会给太湖流域造成高达568.29亿元的直接经济损失，外排动力增强30%至100%的防洪效益介于26.69亿元到45.70亿元之间，新建圩区、太浦河拓宽的防洪效益依次减小，而圩区泵排能力增加30%的防洪效益仅为0.65亿元。基于研究成果提出了增设外排泵站、加强圩区科学调度、通过保险分担风险等应对特大洪水的对策措施建议，为太湖流域特大洪水的防治提供支撑和参考。 相似文献
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以滇东典型小流域——罗平县板桥小流域为例,进行滇东山区小流域山洪风险评估的实证研究,提出滇东小流域山洪灾害风险评估方法,得到结论如下:(1)首先采用曼宁公式推求设计洪水位;再次基于DEM利用地理信息技术进行洪水的淹没范围分析;最后根据淹没范围,统计不同危险区内的人口和建筑等的分布情况,从而进行洪灾损失评估。(2)根据对小流域暴雨洪水的计算,采用水文比拟法推算出板桥小流域范围内10个重要河段控制断面的设计洪峰流量,然后再采用曼宁公式进行洪峰水位推求,其中有8个现状防洪能力不能抵抗10a一遇的洪水,现状防洪能力较低。因此板桥小流域范围内重点沿河村落的防洪能力亟待提高。 相似文献
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开展无资料地区洪水模拟研究具有重要意义。针对于无资料地区洪水预报的挑战性,以我国东南沿海典型山区小流域—梅溪流域为例,构建了山区水文-城区水动力耦合模型。山区水文模型经河道计算流量率定后,模拟了2016年"莫兰蒂"台风场景下的城区洪水淹没过程。结果表明,模拟最大淹没水深结果与城区17处洪水淹没痕迹吻合较好,验证了耦合模型的适用性。分析了"莫兰蒂"台风场景下重点区域的淹没水深与历时。此外,根据不同重现期的设计降雨,分析了城区淹没水深与淹没范围。同时,重现期越大,城中心区域洪水滞后时间越短。 相似文献
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采用25 m分辨率的DEM并收集多年洪水位、潮位数据,以保证源数据的精度和可靠性.结合研究区地貌特征和水系分布,基于ArcGIS的空间分析工具采用种子蔓延法进行了有源淹没分析计算,得到淹没区范围和水深分布图.结果表明：淹没区主要分布在水库和河流下游的冲洪积平原和海积平原,淹没面积共318.08 km2,占全区陆域面积的18.6%.洪水淹没深度为0~7.6 m.以水库为种子点的淹没区域较大,淹没水深自种子点到海岸线逐渐增大;以河流为种子点的淹没区域呈带状分布,淹没水深自河流中线向两侧逐渐减小. 相似文献
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Assessment of flood hazard,vulnerability and risk of mid-eastern Dhaka using DEM and 1D hydrodynamic model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Floods are regular feature in rapidly urbanizing Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is observed that about 60% of the
eastern Dhaka regularly goes under water every year in monsoon due to lack of flood protection. Experience gathered from past
devastating floods shows that, besides structural approach, non-structural approach such as flood hazard map and risk map
is effective tools for reducing flood damages. In this paper, assessment of flood hazard by developing a flood hazard map
for mid-eastern Dhaka (37.16 km2) was carried out by 1D hydrodynamic simulation on the basis of digital elevation model (DEM) data from Shuttle Radar Topography
Mission and the hydrologic field-observed data for 32 years (1972–2004). As the topography of the area has been considerably
changed due to rapid land-filling by land developers which was observed in recent satellite image (DigitalGlobe image; Date
of imagery: 7th March 2007), the acquired DEM data were modified to represent the current topography. The inundation simulation
was conducted using hydrodynamic program HEC-RAS for flood of 100-year return period. The simulation has revealed that the
maximum depth is 7.55 m at the southeastern part of that area and affected area is more than 50%. A flood hazard map was prepared
according to the simulation result using the software ArcGIS. Finally, to assess the flood risk of that area, a risk map was
prepared where risk was defined as the product of hazard (i.e., depth of inundation) and vulnerability (i.e., the exposure
of people or assets to flood). These two maps should be helpful in raising awareness of inhabitants and in assigning priority
for land development and for emergency preparedness including aid and relief operations in high-risk areas in the future. 相似文献
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天然河道的平均枯水位、水位变幅带和平均洪水位, 分别与水库运行期低水位、调节水位(即水位变动带)、最高设计洪水位存在可类比性.因此, 通过获取现今天然河道的平均枯水位以下、水位变幅带以及平均洪水位以上3带内不同岩土体的稳定坡角, 这对水库蓄水后回水区内塌岸预测具有重要意义.基于高分辨率航空影像数据, 目视解译得到天然河道的水位变幅带范围, 采用GIS组件开发模式, 应用高分辨率DEM(digital elevation model)作为高程源数据, 实现了水位变幅带内稳定坡角的提取, 该方法具有自动化程度高、获取速度快和范围广的特点.同时, 可通过折算的方法获得水下稳定坡角度, 水上稳定坡角的获取则可按类似的方法实现, 与传统的测量或统计方法相比, 大大减少了野外工作量, 即使人类无法涉足的区域, 也能获取详细的信息, 并能一次性获得足够多的样本数据, 便于不同岩土体稳定坡角的对比与统计分析, 可为水库回水区塌岸预测提供更可靠的数据参考. 相似文献
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A DEM-based evaluation of potential flood risk to enhance decision support system for safe evacuation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A practical, DEM-based practical method is proposed to enhance flood risk management in fluvial areas by quantifying relative
risk as a function of vulnerability to inland and evacuation difficulty. Both measures are based mainly on the topography
of the region, so the method does not require detailed data on the physical characteristics of the land. First, we use the
deterministic 8-node method on a digital elevation map (DEM) to trace storm waterways. Second, we repeat the process on a
reversed DEM to trace evacuation routes that avoid the waterways and zones dangerously close to the rivers. Finally, on the
basis of such two flow lines of evacuee and storm water, we proposed the protocol to evaluate the flood risk at every point
on the map taking into account both the minimum time required for floodwater to arrive and duration of an evacuation from
that location. The time that must be allocated for safe evacuation is defined as the potential flood risk of evacuation (PFRE).
The method is demonstrated on a fluvial area of the Kaki River in Nagaoka city, Japan. In addition, we illustrated the application
of the PFRE map to divide the region into areas of greater or lesser evacuation urgency. 相似文献
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Prediction of ground subsidence in Samcheok City,Korea using artificial neural networks and GIS 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This study shows the construction of a hazard map for presumptive ground subsidence around abandoned underground coal mines
(AUCMs) at Samcheok City in Korea using an artificial neural network, with a geographic information system (GIS). To evaluate
the factors governing ground subsidence, an image database was constructed from a topographical map, geological map, mining
tunnel map, global positioning system (GPS) data, land use map, digital elevation model (DEM) data, and borehole data. An
attribute database was also constructed by employing field investigations and reinforcement working reports for the existing
ground subsidence areas at the study site. Seven major factors controlling ground subsidence were determined from the probability
analysis of the existing ground subsidence area. Depth of drift from the mining tunnel map, DEM and slope gradient obtained
from the topographical map, groundwater level and permeability from borehole data, geology and land use. These factors were
employed by with artificial neural networks to analyze ground subsidence hazard. Each factor’s weight was determined by the
back-propagation training method. Then the ground subsidence hazard indices were calculated using the trained back-propagation
weights, and the ground subsidence hazard map was created by GIS. Ground subsidence locations were used to verify results
of the ground subsidence hazard map and the verification results showed 96.06% accuracy. The verification results exhibited
sufficient agreement between the presumptive hazard map and the existing data on ground subsidence area.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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当前洪水风险分析按照典型设计标准洪水进行计算的模式难以满足实际防洪管理需要,为了提高洪水风险分析的实时性以及适应洪水演进的动态性,设计了动态实时洪水风险分析框架。在本框架中,先采用一维和二维动态耦合水动力学数值方法耦合溃堤模型,然后在樵桑联围防洪保护区建立洪水演进模拟模型,通过灵活处理模型计算边界条件以及动态设置溃堤功能,计算不同设计标准洪水发生时,堤防出现单一溃口或者组合溃口后保护区内洪水演进过程。按照上述框架开发了樵桑联围动态实时洪水风险图编制与管理应用系统,并利用历史洪水资料开展模型验证,验证结果表明,2008-06洪水马口站、三水站、大熬站、甘竹（一）站的实测最高水位和模型计算最高水位的绝对误差分别为-0.10、0.10、0.09、0.04 m,均满足洪水模拟精度要求。利用模型计算了西江发生200年一遇的洪水情况下,江根堤防出现溃口后的洪水流量及溃口内外洪水水位变化过程,模拟溃口宽度168 m,最大溃口洪水流量达到5 190 m3,分析了堤防溃决后3、6和24 h洪水漫延导致村落淹没情况,结果表明其满足合理性分析。 相似文献
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This study presents the methodology and procedure for risk assessment of flood disasters in central Liaoning Province, which was supported by geographical information systems (GIS) and technology of natural disaster risk assessment. On the basis of the standard formulation of natural disaster risk and flood disaster risk index, of which weights were developed using combined weights of entropy, the relative membership degree functions of variable fuzzy set (VFS) theory were calculated using improved set pair analysis, while level values were calculated using VFSs, including hazard levels, exposure levels, vulnerability levels and restorability levels, and the flood risk level for each assessment unit was obtained using the natural disaster index method. Consequently, integrated flood risk map was carried out by GIS spatial analysis technique. The results show that the southwestern and central parts of the study area possess higher risk, while the northwestern and southeastern parts possess lower risk. The results got by the assessment model fits the area of historical flood data; this study offer new insights and possibility to carry out an efficient way for flood disaster prevention and mitigation. The study also provides scientific reference in flood risk management for local and national governmental agencies. 相似文献
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基于GIS技术对秦巴山区的宁强县土壤侵蚀特征进行研究.通过解译遥感影像得到研究区的土地利用现状和植被覆盖等数据,使用GIS技术对地形图数据处理得到DEM等数据,并用因子法计算研究区的土壤侵蚀模数,最终生成该区的土壤侵蚀模数图.研究结论可为该地区水土保持与土壤侵蚀防治提供科学依据. 相似文献
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为了准确分析洪涝灾害对防洪体系现状的影响，做出相应的防洪减灾措施，以浙江省台州市灵江下游流域为研究区域，构建了基于Saint-Venant方程的水动力学耦合模型，对河道溃决洪水过程进行实时仿真模拟。综合考虑研究区域地形、气象、水文资料、水利工程、下垫面条件等因素，在一维河网模型和二维水动力学模型耦合衔接中，最大程度还原真实地形中河槽内外的水流交互淹没，借助研究区域内典型台风暴雨资料，率定验证本文建立的一维-二维耦合水动力学模型，检验后的模型可实现灵江下游沿岸城市不同量级设计洪水及历史洪水的实时淹没过程模拟。模型计算结果表明，该模型模拟复杂地形条件情况下流域洪水实时演进过程达到了较高精度，在水系沿程典型断面水位计算值与实测值误差不超过0.1 m。 相似文献
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决策树方法在遥感地质填图中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
决策树理论在遥感分类中, 分类准确、高效.依据其理论方法, 对青海省民和地区的遥感数据———ETM + (enhanced thematic mapper plus) 进行了分类, 选用的ETM +数据为1999年10月份数据, 数字高程(DEM) 数据来自于1:2 5万民和幅地形图, 数据格式为MapInfo通用格式MIF, 数据进行了坐标转换(地理坐标), 对原始数据进行了处理, 从等高线中提取数字高程.对遥感数据进行地形及光照矫正, 计算植被因子及缨帽变换的3个分量, 同其他5个遥感波段结合形成原始分类图层, 同时确定目标分类结果.原始数据的采样基于目视, 首先采用不同的彩色合成方案突出不同的目标地物, 交互式进行采样, 使用IDL语言编制程序从原始数据中提取地物数字信息, 使用Clementine7.2对数据进行处理, 其中10 %的采样数据验证模型准确率, 其余数据用来推算模型, 对数据进行10次迭代, 同时给予75 %的剪枝, 得到区分不同地物(如红层、黄土等) 的最合适图层(band 1 & band 3)和具体数值, 形成决策树模型, 将决策树模型导入Envi4.0中, 对原始数据(9个图层) 进行计算形成初步分类结果图, 对初步分类结果图进行一定的碎片合并, 最终形成分类结果图.该图同1:2 5万地质图进行对比确认分类的效果, 同传统分类图比较确认决策树分类方法优于传统分类.另外来自于决策树所提取的信息, 有利于地学知识的归纳总结 相似文献