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金属硫化物矿物之间的原电池反应除了在人们广为熟悉的湿法冶金、浮选和滤取有着重要影响外,对地球化学进程也有着重要的影响[1]. 相似文献
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金属硫化物矿物之间的原电池反应对于酸性矿山排水的形成、硫化物矿床的次生富集作用、地球电化学勘探以及湿法冶金过程等都有很重要的影响。通过改变溶液中氧化剂组分F e3 的浓度、pH值、溶液的流动状况以及溶液的盐度(如N a2SO4的浓度),采用精密的电流计和电位计,对作为阳极的黄铁矿与作为阴极的方铅矿所形成的原电池反应的电流密度和整个原电池的混合电位进行研究,结果表明:溶液中[F e3 ],pH值以及溶液的流动状况对黄铁矿和方铅矿之间原电池反应的影响很大,而溶液的盐度对反应的影响不是很显著。实验还发现,当黄铁矿电极表面存在微小裂纹时,其电极电位可降低至同条件下方铅矿的电极电位以下。这一实验结果在混合电位理论和Bu tler-V o lm er方程中得到了理论上的解释。 相似文献
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环境问题是当前全国人民普遍关心的问题。因此,了解环境中元素的地球化学特征及其在环境中的行为,以便采取有效对策,减少环境污染,保障人体健康,有着十分重要的意义。我国硫铁矿、煤矿和多金属硫化矿中的酸性矿坑水,在已开采的矿山中占有相当的数量。这些矿山由于矿石中含有一定数量的硫化物,经氧化后往往形成酸性矿坑水。这种水在井下腐蚀管道和设备,危害人体健康;排出矿井,污染环境和水源,严重影响着工农业 相似文献
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试谈酸性矿坑水的污染与防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肖有权 《水文地质工程地质》1982,(3)
我国的硫铁矿、煤矿和多金属硫化矿分布广泛,开拓的矿山比数也很大。这些矿山由于矿石中含有一定数量的硫化物,经氧化作用之后往往形成酸性矿坑水。这种水在井下腐蚀管道和设备,危害工人身体健康;排出井巷,污染环境和水源,严重地影响着工农业和鱼业生产。这个问题既是现代矿山开采事业中合理利用矿坑水和保护矿山环境不受污染的一个重要问题,也是因矿山疏干排水造成环境污染的一个重要因素。现就以下几个问题提出讨论,不妥之处,请批评指正。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>金属硫化物矿山环境中大量暴露于地表的金属硫化物(如黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿)会发生氧化而生成酸性矿山排水(AMD)。尾矿和废石中的碳酸盐矿物往往与AMD反应而溶解,同时使AMD的酸度下降,并形成多种具有固定重金属元素能力的次生矿物,因此,碳酸盐矿物常常被作为治理AMD污染的重要矿物材料。由于方解石和黄铁矿广泛存在于多种岩石类型中,岩石露头的地表风化作用常常存在硫化物氧化分解、酸性岩石排水(ARD)形成、碳酸盐矿物分解、次生矿物形成的连续过程,这一过程 相似文献
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岩石露头和矿山废弃物中的金属硫化物在地表、近地表条件下的氧化作用往往导致多种环境问题,因此,金属硫化物的地表风化一直是备受关注的表生过程之一。越来越多的证据表明微生物对矿物的氧化在金属硫化物风化过程中发挥着重要作用。实验研究发现:微生物在金属硫化物表面附着并形成微生物膜,在矿物-微生物膜界面微环境中存在着强烈的微生物氧化和化学氧化作用,两种氧化作用相互协同、共同促进。在此过程中,金属硫化物的S、As、Fe等元素经历了复杂的电子传递、逐级氧化的动力学过程,最终形成稳定的高铁硫酸盐或氧化物,并形成大量的酸性排水。该过程受多种因素的影响,包括细菌种类、光照和溶液Fe~(2+)浓度等。金属硫化物的微生物氧化直接导致重金属大量释放和严重的环境危害,释放的酸性排水还引发碳酸盐矿物分解和CO_2排放,会对全球碳循环产生不可忽视的影响。在地球演化的早期阶段,金属硫化物氧化消耗大气氧气可能导致大氧化进程滞后。尽管关于金属硫化物-微生物相互作用研究取得了长足的进展,但金属硫化物微生物氧化的分子机制和全球尺度的元素地球化学循环还有待深入研究,原位纳米观测技术的引入和全球物质循环模型研究具有必要性和紧迫性,同时也对生物冶金技术的发展有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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国内矿物治理重金属废水研究进展与展望 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
综述了我国利用天然矿物治理重金属废水方面的研究新成果。天然铁的硫化物、天然铁锰的氧化物、方解石与磷灰石等具有良好的表面吸附与氧化还原化学活性;不同介质中它们能不同程度地表现出对Cr^6 、Pb^2 、Hg^2 、Cd^2 等重金属离子的吸附作用,可广泛用于重金属废水处理。矿物吸附重金属离子机理的研究表明,矿物对重金属的吸附是矿物表面与无机重金属离子之间的表面作用过程,包括矿物表面功能基与重金属离子的配位反应、矿物表面氧化还原反应和沉淀转化作用,以及矿物表面离子交换吸附作用等。 相似文献
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铜陵矿山酸性排水及固体废弃物中的重金属元素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在调查中国铜陵凤凰山铜矿和新桥硫铁矿两种不同类型矿山固体废弃物特征的基础上,研究了矿山尾矿和废石产生酸性排水的可能性及其差异以及矿山固体废弃物中重金属元素的赋存形式。结果表明,凤凰山铜矿的尾矿基本不产生矿山酸性排水,而新桥硫铁矿采矿废石产生矿山酸性排水,并且凤凰山铜矿的尾矿和新桥硫铁矿采矿废石中重金属元素的赋存形式也有差异,前者重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg主要赋存于硅酸盐态中,而后者在还原态中有较高的含量,这反映了在地表条件下尾矿中大量重金属元素已经发生了迁移,而采矿废石已经开始氧化,且酸性排水的存在更有利于废石中重金属元素的迁移和扩散,进而导致矿区周围环境的污染。 相似文献
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Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area. 相似文献
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矿山尾矿矿物学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
矿山尾矿由于产生大量酸性排水和释放重金属，污染地下水和地表水，破坏生态环境而成为人们关注的焦点。尾矿引起的环境问题是地表条件下，水一气一矿物复杂反应的综合结果。近年来尾矿矿物学的研究已经揭示出尾矿中矿物分解和形成的规律，水一气一矿物反应的机制和影响因素，酸性排水和重金属迁移规律，为尾矿环境危险性评价和尾矿污染防治提供了基础资料和新的思路。 相似文献
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Managing mine water that has been contaminated with metal sulfide minerals due to galvanic corrosion is becoming an increasingly important environmental problem. Here, galvanic corrosion was investigated by studying galvanic interactions between pyrite–chalcopyrite and pyrite–galena in flowing mediums such as mine discharge water and flowing rainwater. The results showed that the corrosion current density of pyrite–galena is greater than that of pyrite–chalcopyrite under identical conditions. The corrosion current density of the galvanic cell tends to increase with increasing concentrations of strongly oxidizing ions (e.g., Fe3+) in the flowing medium, whereas the existence of non-oxidizing and non-reducing ions (e.g., Na+) have no obvious influence on the galvanic cell. In addition, the corrosion current density increases with increasing flow rate. Using the galvanic model, mixed potential theory and Butler–Volmer equation, the experimental results were explained theoretically. Because these experiments were performed under conditions very similar to those seen in mine discharge water and flowing rainwater, these results have direct implications for the future management and control of environmental pollution from mining operations. 相似文献
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采矿环境地球化学研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
阐述了采矿对环境造成的负面影响 ,包括 :尾矿或废石堆中的杂质元素会进入表生地球化学循环 ,在不同气候条件下 ,呈现不同的特征模式 ,尾矿氧化带的酸性水的排放 ;矿山污染源对周围土壤和植物的影响使重金属元素等进入食物链 ,对人类和动物健康造成威胁。根据国内外的最新研究动向 ,指出建立环境地球化学模式 ,对采矿环境污染作出客观的监测和评价 ,能为防止污染和治理环境提供可靠的地球化学依据。 相似文献
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施威特曼石普遍存在于含大量SO42-的酸矿水中,其表面吸附的SO42-使得该矿物具有强吸附重金属离子的能力,可用于处理重金属离子污染。实验通过在不同浓度Cu2＋溶液中合成施威特曼石时发现,Cu2＋与施威特曼石的共沉淀量较低,FTIR分析表明Cu2＋与施威特曼石的羟基发生反应。开展施威特曼石吸附Pb2＋的实验,结果表明施威特曼石对Pb2＋的吸附符合Langmuir模型,施威特曼石吸附Cu2＋和Pb2＋后出现1545.4 cm-1和1435.0 cm-1（Cu2＋）两个吸收峰,可能是施威特曼石孔道表面形成了三元配合物。在241×10-6的初始浓度（与尾矿孔隙水的Pb2＋含量相近）下有61.4%的Pb2＋去除率,显示了较好的环境修复价值。 相似文献
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Acid rock/mine drainage and metal leaching constitute major environmental management risks in the mining industry. This paper
assesses the environmental risks due to acid rock/mine drainage, and the metal leaching potential of multiple mines of gold
and manganese on the Ankobra River Drainage Basin in Southwestern Ghana. The basin is a hub of mining activity in Ghana, hosting
several mines. A combination of mineralogical, and static geochemical acid drainage predictive investigation of overburden
of varied geological units, complimented with hydrochemical drainage quality analysis was used to assess potential environmental
risks posed by acid-generating lithologies and mine spoil. Mineralogical investigations revealed sulphide-bearing lithological
units with profound compositional variations due to the incorporation of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids, in
association with carbonates and silicates. Accounting Base Accounting (ABA) and Net acid generation potential pH (NAGpH) tests
delimited two tailing sites as potentially acid generating with NAGpH of 3.5 and 4.8, respectively. Five other samples, representing
specific lithological units in the stratigraphic sequence, with net acid neutralization potential ratio (NNPR) less than 5.0,
were classified as being potentially acid generating according to the categorization requirement of the US Forestry Service.
The rest of the samples exhibited moderate to very strong buffering capabilities. The assessment also evaluated drainage quality
of the network of streams and rivers constituting the basin and identified sources of drainage contaminants. Acidic waters
emanate from identified acid generating sources, while high metal load regimes were identified with both low pH waters and
high pH regimes, coincident with high sulphide and carbonate alteration sites, respectively. The study results show that Zn,
Cu, Ni, As, Co, Sb, SO4
2−, pH, alkalinity and conductivity are essential and adequate parameters in routine environmental risk monitoring programmes
of mines in the area. Sites characterized by low pH (<5.5) with high sulphate and metal ions are suggestive of acid mine drainage,
while sites with high pH (>7.5), metal ions and sulphate are suggestive of net acid neutralizing. 相似文献
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Hyperspectral remote sensing monitoring of pyrite mine wastes: a record of climate variability (Pyrite Belt,Spain) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Monitoring of mine waste on sulphide deposits through hyperspectral remote sensing data contributes to predicting surface
water quality, quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. The mineralogy of surface
crusts loaded with highly soluble salts is a record of available humidity and temperature along the year. A temporal monitoring
of salt efflorescence on mine wastes at a mine site in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain) has been mapped in this work using
hyperspectral airborne Hymap data. Climate change estimations are made based on oxidation stages derived from well-known sequences
of minerals tracing sulphides oxidation intensity, using archive spectral libraries. Therefore, mine-waste weathering products
of sulphide mapped from airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data can be used as a short-term record of climate change, providing
a useful tool for assessing environmental geoindicators in semi-arid areas. 相似文献