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1898年（清光绪二十四年）5月25日,为了修建松花江铁路大桥,在现今滨州铁路桥附近设立了哈尔滨水位观测站,开创了黑龙江省“水文”的历史。此后50年之中,水文事业几经沉浮,至新中国成立前夕,省内水文站和水文职工仍寥寥无几。1949年新中国成立后,水文事业得到了长足的发展。半个世纪以来,黑龙江省水文事业大体上经历了四个发展阶段。第一阶段是社会主义水文事业创建时期。1951年1月,原黑龙江省水利局水文分站成立,当时只有13个水文站、6个水位站。根据国家经济建设和发展的需要,效法前苏联气象水文体制,陆续建立了一些水文站、… 相似文献
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随着2011年中央一号文件的出台,水文工程建设迎来了新的发展机遇,在摆脱传统的工程带水文等建管方式后,水文工作者如何管理水文工程,建设好水文工程,成为老水文遇到的新问题。针对水文工程点散,体量小等问题,从一个水文工程管理者的角度给予了一定的思考并提出相应对应措施。 相似文献
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我国水文情报预报工作的主要成就及展望 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
新中国成立５０年来,水文情报预报工作取得了成就,在水情信息采集和传输方面,全国已有水文报汛站８０００余处,在２５处重点防洪河段和１５０座大型水库上建立了水文自动测报系统,共计有遥测站近２０００个,已有２２个省（市,区）和７个流域管理机构的水情部门通过计算机广域网互传水情信息。在水文预报技术方面,开发研制了适合中国特色的许多水文模型。随着计算机的广泛应用,水利信息中心初步建立了水雨情信息服务系统,包 相似文献
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我国水文测流仪器进展概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以事实为依据,资料背景,介绍了新中国成立以来水文测流仪器的几个发展过程,对我国的水文测流仪器既看到了成绩,又找出了差距,并提出了今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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本文简要回顾了青海水文工作的发展历程,着重针对水文计划管理工作的现状,提出了工作思 路和发展方向,并就如何建立水文计划管理信息系统,从而为水文现代化建设奠定坚实的基础提出了 个人的一些看法。 相似文献
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Geography emerged as a separate school discipline in the educational system of China in the 20th century. The history of its
development had several distinct periods, but is largely divided into pre and post 1949. After 1949, the educational system
in general underwent major changes that resulted in increasingly greater amounts of geography in the curriculum, especially
at the junior middle school level. A major influence during the period came from the Soviet Union's educational system. Following
the Cultural Revolution, school curriculum went through another period of change. Three national Drafts of the Teaching Plan
issued by the Ministry of Education since 1978 have each made changes in the teaching of geography. The most recent takes
effect in 1990. Through teacher education in normal colleges and universities and inservice teacher training, China is addressing
the persistent problems of teacher preparation and school equipment in geography. 相似文献
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将我国解放后油气沉积学的发展分为三个阶段 ,即向国外学习和创建实践阶段 ( 1949～ 1970年 )、油气沉积理论的充实和完善阶段 ( 1970～ 1990 )和油气沉积学与层序地层学、地震、测井和实验、计算机新技术相结合的生产实用阶段 ( 1990年以后 )。同时论述了现阶段油气沉积学在油气勘探中的应用 ;特别强调了层序地层学、测井沉积学和地球物理学全面应用于油气沉积研究中所产生的良好效果 ,它们使沉积研究在宏观和微观上都得到了充分的展示 ,研究更全面、更精确可靠 ,并实现了沉积研究的三维可视化。 相似文献
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采用1644-1839年、1840-1949年中国洪涝受灾县数和1950-2004年中国洪涝受灾面积资料,经过去趋势标准化处理后,采用滑动功率谱和Butterworth滤波器进行了分析,得出:1644-2004年间中国洪涝受灾范围变化是不同时间尺度周期振荡的综合结果,主要包含80年的世纪周期和50年、30年、20年尺度的年代际周期。中国洪涝受灾范围变化的主周期在不同时段内存在明显的变化,1833年以前世纪周期变化显著;1834-1920年在世纪周期变化的背景下叠加了显著的20年尺度波动;1921年以后年代际尺度周期变化显著,其中1947年前后发生了主周期从20年尺度到30年尺度的变化。 相似文献
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大陆碰撞成矿理论的创建及应用 总被引：15，自引：10，他引：5
本文阐明了大陆碰撞成矿理论的重要性,将大陆碰撞成矿理论的发展史划分为1970年以前的预备期,1971～1990年的孕育期,1991～2000年的诞生期,2001～2010年的成长期和2011年以后的成熟期;指出大陆碰撞成矿理论的核心内容是4个不同尺度(全球构造、造山带、地体、矿床)的碰撞造山流体成矿模式(CMF模式)和4种类型成矿系统的特征及其与其它环境同类成矿系统的对比;介绍了运用大陆碰撞成矿理论指导找矿预测的成功范例.事实证明,中国学者发挥中国碰撞造山带丰富的自然优势,为发展大陆碰撞成矿理论做出了重大贡献. 相似文献
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总结了我国清末至民国初期（１８４０－１９２０年）长达８０年的银铅矿开发概貌，按现行政区划共涉及１４个省。对各省的银铅矿．既扼要探讨历史沿革，又尽量地汇集具体产银产铅地名及有关地质矿产信息，对了解和研究近代中国银矿开发史，系统地总结现代中国银铅矿床的由来，都有一定的意义。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1682-1686
Ivan Ivanovich Shmal'gauzen (1884-1963) taught at the Universities of Yur'yev, Voronezh, and Kiev. He served as Director of the Institute of Zoology and Biology of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and later, as Director of the Institute of Evolutionary Morphology of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences. In 1939 he organized the Department of Darwinism at Moscow University. His research can be divided into four periods: evolution of vertebrate limbs and of the unpaired fins of fishes (1905-1922); experimental work on morphogene-Sis and growth (1923-1936); evolutionary theory, with emphasis on rate of evolution (1936-1948); and origin of land vertebrates, based in part on studies of amphibian embryology (1949-1963). — F. C. Whitmore, Jr. 相似文献
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中国地质灾害类型、分布及防治建议 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
胡海涛 《水文地质工程地质》1993,20(2):1-7
本文提出了中国地质灾害的空间分类和成因分类系统,并根据13类常见的地质灾害组合类型进行了区划,基本上反映了我国高原、山地、内陆盆地、平原及滨海地区地质灾害的地带性和地区性分布规律,以小比例尺图显示了中国地质灾害的类型与分布。该图共划分为11个地质灾害区。在此基础上初步论述了1949—1990年间我国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害的主要受灾地区和受灾损失。最后,根据当前形势,提出了减灾、防灾的对策意见和建议。 相似文献
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For centuries, it has been taken for granted that social and economic development in China has an east-west spread, or from the coast to the interior. Even though a tremendous effort was made by the socialist government for thirty years (1949-1978) on rectifying this unhealthy imbalance, most people hold the belief that the spatial patterns of China's development remain the same as they were forty years ago. This deep-rooted concept plays an important role in shaping China's present economic development strategies. Thus, an evaluation of the impact of the goverment's regional balance effort remains critical. Understanding the changes and patterns of China's regional development is central to formulating appropriate policies for future planning. In this paper an overview of regional development is presented from the perspective of history. Regression between the total fixed capital investment and the combined industrial and agricultural output is analyzed, and an effort is made to find out the spatial distribution of regional investment effectiveness. A factor analysis based on twenty socio-economic variables revealed that apart from the traditional E-W regional disparity, the modern socialist dispersal policy has also affected the regional development in China. Though the historical economic factors unbalanced the development from E to W, the economic pratice advocated by Socialist China has reversed the tendency to some extent. A cluster analysis of 21 provinces, five autonomous administrative regions, and three municipalities identified new spatial patterns, and the result strengthened the finding that the effort of regional balance in the period of 1949–1978 is still at work. 相似文献
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Little Ice Age (LIA) fluctuations of Glaciar Río Manso, north Patagonian Andes, Argentina are studied using information from previous work and dendrogeomorphological analyses of living and subfossil wood. The most extensive LIA expansion occurred between the late 1700s and the 1830-1840s. Except for a massive older frontal moraine system apparently predating ca. 2240 14C yr BP and a small section of a south lateral moraine ridge that is at least 300 yr old, the early nineteenth century advance overrode surficial evidence of any earlier LIA glacier events. Over the past 150 yr the gently sloping, heavily debris-covered lower glacier tongue has thinned significantly, but several short periods of readvance or stasis have been identified and tree-ring dated to the mid-1870s, 1890s, 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, and the mid-1970s. Ice mass loss has increased in recent years due to calving into a rapidly growing proglacial lake. The neighboring debris-free and land-based Glaciar Frías has also retreated markedly in recent years but shows substantial differences in the timing of the peak LIA advance (early 1600s). This indicates that site-specific factors can have a significant impact on the resulting glacier records and should thus be considered carefully in the development and assessment of regional glacier chronologies. 相似文献